1. Breeding large seedlings: Breeding large seedlings can increase the yield of apple trees. The spacing between large seedlings should be controlled at 1 to 1.5m while ensuring appropriate row spacing. Transplanting the seedlings after successful cultivation can prevent problems such as uneven size and undersized fruits. Nutrient pots can be used to propagate large seedlings. When the seedlings emerge, move the seedlings into a container with a diameter of 40cm, and add a nutrient matrix containing rooting powder and organic matter. The sufficient nutrients in the nutrient matrix can accelerate the growth and development of the seedlings. After one year of cultivation, when the seedlings are strong enough, the nutrient bowl container can be removed and planted directly in the field.

2. Improve fertility: Fertilizer plays an extremely important role in the growth process of fruit trees, but the fertility of the soil itself is difficult to meet the growth needs of apple trees. Diversified methods need to be used to improve fertility. (1) Apply basal fertilizer well. The basal fertilizer is mainly some farmyard manure, such as pig, cow, sheep dung, etc. Basal fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizers has a better effect and can promote flowering and early fruiting. The problem of lack of fertility in some soils can be solved by applying animal manure and covering grass under trees. (2) Reasonable top dressing. Determine the time and amount of top dressing reasonably based on the growth conditions of the fruit trees. Nitrogen fertilizers are mainly applied before flowering; after flower buds, nitrogen fertilizers are applied along with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers to reduce fruit drop and promote branch and leaf growth; in the middle and later stages, potassium and phosphate fertilizers should be mainly applied, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizers should be reduced. (3) Precautions: Fertilization of seedling fruit trees is mainly done in circular ditches and combined with radial ditches. In the process of circular trench fertilization, strip trenches or circular trenches are continuously dug outward with the outside of the tree crown shadow as the boundary, and fertilizer is spread into them. If there is a lack of fertilizer or a circular trench is not needed, radial trenches can be used to fertilize. Mature orchards are more complicated. Fertilizer can be spread throughout the garden before deep digging. Watering is required after fertilization is completed. When fertilizing and watering, ensure a clear sequence and standardized procedures. When roots are exposed to the air, they must be buried in the soil as soon as possible to prevent root damage.

3. Plastic pruning: In different growth periods, the methods of pruning fruit trees are different. During the sapling stage, pruning is the main method. When pruning fruit trees in early spring, all branches below 50cm from the ground should be removed, and the growth directions of the branches should be reasonably distributed. A branch with a length of more than 70cm should be left every 20cm. After leveling and carving the buds, prune appropriately. Do not cut the middle trunk short. Leave a circle of branches every 20cm to make it grow more evenly. Twisting and topping should be done from May to June. Strong branches should be girded from the main branches in the same way as the trunk. For trees that bear fruit for the first time, the main focus should be on cultivating the backbone of the tree to promote uniform growth of branches at all levels. At the same time, branches should be built by carving, peeling and reversing methods to promote fruit tree germination. In order not to affect the growth of fruit trees during the fruiting period, the ratio of leaf buds to flower buds should be reasonably adjusted while ensuring the fruit setting rate, controlling the amount of flowers and fruits remaining, and ensuring fruit quality. At the same time, it is also necessary to reasonably control the growth of the backbone branches. The backbone branches should be cut appropriately every year to ensure the fruiting ability of the fruit trees, and the flower buds should be dispersed reasonably to prevent the occurrence of large and small problems.

4. Flower and fruit thinning. Flower and fruit thinning can improve fruit quality, ensure the healthy growth of fruit trees, and prevent fruits from being too small. Determine the number of thinned fruits according to the growth status of the fruit trees. For fruit trees in good growth condition, one fruit will be left for every four terminal buds; for fruit trees lacking nutrition, one fruit will be left for every five or six terminal buds. Flower thinning should be carried out within 30 days after flower fall.

5. Dwarfing should avoid problems such as insufficient lighting and ventilation caused by too dense planting. Dwarf fruit trees to ensure good ventilation and promote healthy growth of fruit trees, thereby improving the quality and yield of apple trees and increasing the economic income of fruit farmers. Dwarf and dense planting technology can be used to rationally increase the density of fruit trees to maximize the number of fruit trees, thereby effectively increasing yields.