Peach seedling raising
1, choose a good nursery.
Choose loose and fertile land with high pit height, sufficient sunshine, deep ploughing before sowing, sufficient organic fertilizer and good drainage ditch.
2. Cultivate rootstock seedlings (peach seedlings)
The seedlings used to produce splendid yellow peaches are generally grafted seedlings, and the rootstock is often wild peaches.
3. Grafting and seedling raising
There are two methods: T-shaped insertion method and bud head attachment method (this paper focuses on the latter)
Advantages: convenient operation, suitable for large-scale grafting.
Operating procedures:
① rootstock treatment: from mid-August to the end of September.
Broken anvil 10- 15㎝
Rootstock cutting: 2.5-3㎝ branches with a width of 3-3.5㎝ are cut off on the smooth surface of the rootstock with a grafting knife to reach the xylem.
② scion treatment:
Selection of bud head: select a robust vegetative bud head as scion on the mother plant, remove the leaves and keep the petiole.
Bud cutting head: cut a knife to xylem at 0.5㎝ at the top of the bud, and then cut xylem at 2㎝ upward at the bottom of the bud to a transverse incision.
Sticking scion: Sticking the cut scion to the cut of the rootstock to align the cambium.
③ Binding and loosening
Tie the scion rootstock with plastic film tape, check the survival situation after two weeks and loosen it in time.
Field planting
1. Digging holes: the depth of planting holes is 40-50㎝, and about 40 holes are dug per mu; Apply 50㎏ organic fertilizer to each hole and add 1㎏ calcium superphosphate to achieve one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil; When the planting hole filled with soil fertilizer is flush with the ground, take mud from the periphery of the hole and make it into a planting mound with a height of 40-50㎝ for planting.
Step 2 open the drain
Set the frame width (row spacing) to 4.5-5m, the plant spacing to 4.5m, the ditch width to 40㎝, the depth to 50㎝, and the depth to enclose ditch and drain ditch to 80㎝.
3. Planting: ① Bud seedlings (grafted in September): full buds, 0.5-0.7 cm thick stems, weak taproots, strong lateral roots, many fibrous roots and no nodules. ② Seedling (grafting in June): The seedling is stout, with a stem diameter of 0.6cm and a full bud of 6-8 grades.
Disinfection: To prevent nodulation, 2 ~ 3kg ammonia water can be used for disinfection before planting.
Planting: The time should be before germination in late winter and early spring, preferably before the end of February. The planting depth should be 3 ~ 5 cm below the grafting site, and the buds should be sunny. After planting, water the living trees.
Set up support rods: To prevent the seedlings from swaying due to wind, insert a 50 cm bamboo pole next to the seedlings and tie it tightly.
Rootstock cutting and coring: When the grafted bud grows to more than 40cm, the rootstock should be cut off in time and cut diagonally at the upper end of the grafted bud 1cm. When the grafted bud grows to more than 60cm, the heart should be removed in time to promote the growth of attached branches and prepare for the cultivation of three branches.
Fertilization management
(1)1~ 2 years, new seedlings must pay attention to fertilizer management to promote seedling growth, but thin fertilizer must be applied frequently. Young trees can plant some vegetables in spring and summer seedling growing season, which is beneficial to improve soil vitality and soil quality, but never plant tall crops. From September to 65438+10, the decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied deeply, with the dosage of about 30 tons per mu and 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, and it can be applied less or not at the beginning of the third year to control the nutritional growth.
② Fertilize the growing and fruiting trees (normally put into production) twice a year: the first time is after picking the fruits in autumn and before defoliation. Post-harvest fertilizer? ; The amount of fertilization should be determined according to the tree potential, with 40 loads of pig manure and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu. The second fertilization is around the hard core stage of the fruit. Is the fruit swollen and fat? ; Generally, 40 tons of manure or yellow peach special fertilizer or imported compound fertilizer 100 kg is applied per mu, usually within 3 ~ 4 days before and after July 10. Fertilization in winter is generally carried out in the middle and late September to 65438+1early October.
water management
Yellow peach fruit trees are very strict about water. During the rainy season and the typhoon and rainstorm in summer, the drainage ditch should be opened to ensure that the rain stops and the ditch does not accumulate water. During the fruit expansion period, the water demand is large. In case of high temperature and drought, drought-resistant irrigation must be carried out in time. In case of persistent drought in September, drought-resistant irrigation should also be carried out to promote flower bud differentiation, so that the next year will bloom normally, the fruit setting rate will be high and the yield will be stable. Summer irrigation time is best in the evening or early morning.
Fruit management
Yellow peach has serious flower drop and fruit drop, and there are three physiological fruit drops throughout the year. The first physiological fruit drop occurred about 15 days after flowering; The second fruit drop is hard-core fruit drop from the end of May to the middle of June, especially when the young trees with first fruits begin to hard-core.
Prevention method: use peach to press long branches, and do not apply fertilizer before flowering to prevent the tender branches from running away; It can be repaired in summer, properly fertilized, and drained in rainy season to prevent pests and diseases.
If the fruit setting rate is too high and the nutrient consumption is too high, it will cause fruit drop, so it is necessary to thin the fruit in time. Fruit thinning can be carried out twice: the first time is from late May to early June, and the obvious small fruits and over-dense fruits are thinned; The second time is from mid-June to late June. The general standard of fruit thinning is to leave 4 long fruit branches, 2 ~ 3 middle fruit branches, 1 short fruit branches.
Jinxiu? The suitable time for bagging yellow peaches is generally in the middle and late June.
Plastic trimming
1, main branch culture
The trunk is about 40 cm high, and there are three main branches evenly distributed on the trunk, and the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees.
2. Lateral branch culture
Each main branch generally has two lateral branches, forming? Three lords and six sides? Skeleton structure, 60 cm away from the base of the main branch, equipped with the first side branch.
3. Fruit branch arrangement
After completing the skeleton structure with three main sides and six sides, other branches mainly used for fruiting are collectively called fruiting branches.