Castanea mollissima, also known as Castanea henryi, Castanea mollissima and Castanea mollissima, is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River valley and all parts of the south of the Yangtze River. The fruit is spiny and spherical, and there is generally only one conical nut in the shell, which tastes like chestnut. Every year, it ripens after 10 months, the shell cracks and the inner nuts fall off.
A fruit very similar to chestnuts is pointed chestnuts. Chestnut and chestnut belong to the same family. Chestnuts are a little bigger, flat on one side and arched on the other. Castanea henryi looks like a cone and a drop of water from the side. Castanea mollissima is widely distributed in China, but it is not produced in Taiwan Province Province and Hainan. Born in hilly and mountainous areas at an altitude of 100 ~ 1800 meters, it is common in deciduous or evergreen mixed forests.
Cultivation techniques of Castanea henryi
1, forest land selection _ _
Afforestation sites should choose plots with acidic or slightly acidic soil and good air permeability. The sunny soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, moist, well drained, red loam or yellow loam with high organic matter content, sunny slopes, gentle slopes and medium-low slopes with a slope less than 25 degrees, and open areas with convenient transportation. The soil should not be too sticky, and the pH value should be 5.0 ~ 6.5. __
2, forest land preparation _ _
According to the orchard land preparation, it is required to use full-width deep ploughing when the slope is below 5, and terraced strip land preparation at 5 ~ 25, which is beneficial to improve planting density, prevent soil erosion, improve stereoscopic photosynthesis, and facilitate farming, fertilization, pruning, pest control and harvesting. __
3, fertilization _ _
Rational fertilization and scientific management can achieve the goal of high yield and high quality. Weed before fertilization, and the use of herbicides is prohibited. Organic fertilizer should be applied, including human and animal manure, cake fertilizer, plant stem and leaf compost, green manure, etc. Organic fertilizer has slow fertilizer effect, long fertilizer effect and comprehensive nutrition, which can improve soil structure and increase water and fertilizer retention capacity. Organic fertilizer is mainly used as base fertilizer, and can also be used as topdressing after being fully decomposed.
Attention should be paid to protecting the root system of chestnut, and ditching and fertilizing should avoid hurting big roots and taproots. Many chestnut farmers' fertilization parts are too close to the trunk, which not only hurts big roots, but also wastes fertilizer. Castanea henryi whose roots were destroyed should be ecologically restored. To apply fertilizer, we should find the capillary root of the root system and avoid digging big ditches and deep ditches to apply fertilizer. In the yellow soil mountainous area, due to the slow dehydration, digging a big ditch for fertilization is easy to rot roots, which leads to the inclination of trees. Where conditions permit, soil testing and formula fertilization can be popularized. __
4, plastic trimming _ _
Pruning is one of the most important technical measures for high-yield cultivation of Castanea henryi. Pruning twice in the year of planting; Prune 3 times a year in the second and third years; Prune twice in the fourth year; Pruning in the fifth year 1 time. Castanea henryi trees are pruned 1 time every year or two years in full fruit period, generally only in winter.