greening project construction \xd\2.1.2, tree transplanting measures \xd\2.1.2.1, tree transplanting \xd\ transplant preparation \xd\2.1.2.1.1, tree selection \xd\ according to design requirements and bidding. Select the trees with straight trunk, symmetrical crown, beautiful appearance and developed roots, and observe whether they have been cut, transplanted, free from pests and mechanical damage, and the trees are graceful and vigorous. \xd\2.1.2.1.2. Root cutting and fibrous root cultivation \xd\ Dig a ring groove of about 4CM around the roots, with a depth of 6 ~ 8 cm. When cutting off the roots, use a sharp spatula to make the incision smooth. After digging, apply ABD rooting water to the incision with a brush to promote the healing of plant wounds and promote the growth of new roots. \xd\2.1.2.1.3. Choosing the planting period \xd\ is the best transplanting time for seedlings' physiological adaptation. If we are lucky enough to win the specimen project, our unit will immediately organize trees to be transplanted. At the same time, in order to ensure the survival rate, we should pay attention to choosing cloudy weather without rain or sunny weather with little wind. \xd\2.1.2.1.4, Digging and packaging \xd\ Spraying P．V．O water transpiration inhibitor on the leaves of the tree crown before seedling emergence can effectively reduce the water evaporation on the leaves, and at the same time, it will not affect the respiration and photosynthesis of trees. At the same time, it is beneficial to survival after transplantation to minimize the damage of fibrous roots during digging. \xd\ Adopt a reliable excavation and packaging method: firstly, remove the root eluvial soil by about 1CM, and excavate it from the outer side of the root-cutting annular groove to a vertical depth of 8CM, and then wrap the soil ball with a double-layer network method. In case of soil drought, water should be poured several days before excavation to avoid loosening the soil ball. \xd\ When hoisting, the crane tonnage is 3T, so as to ensure that the crane capacity is more than 5 times of the total weight of the tree. The steel rope is tied, the main rope is tied to the lower part of the mud ball, and the auxiliary rope is tied to the trunk. The auxiliary rope mainly plays a stabilizing role, so that most of the load falls on one end of the soil ball. In order to prevent the wire rope from being embedded in the clay ball, wooden boards can be put in the contact parts, and the tied parts of the wire rope should be lined with rubber tires to prevent the bark from being damaged and the clay ball from being cracked. The crane driver must obey the command of the ground personnel, lift carefully, turn slowly and put down gently, and it is forbidden to shake and collide. \xd\ After being hoisted on the vehicle, the crown is placed on the prefabricated concave wooden frame, and the tree is fixed on the vehicle with a locking device. The shipment of big trees should be carried out at night. Before departure, spray water on the leaves and cover the plants with awnings to prevent excessive evaporation of water. \xd\2.1.2.2, transportation \xd\ When the trees are loaded into the car, make the crown of the tree face the rear of the car, and the soil ball is close to the cab. The trunk is wrapped with soft materials and placed on a wooden frame or bamboo frame, and tied tightly with soft ropes. A wooden pad is placed under the soil ball, and then the soil ball is clamped with wooden boards or tied tightly on both sides of the car with ropes. A car is loaded with only one tree. Before transportation, the road should be investigated to find out its road width, road weight, overhead lines, bridges and their loads, people flow, etc., so as to avoid failure in the middle. In the process of driving, the escort should stand at the rear side of the car to check whether the soil ball binding is loose during transportation, whether the crown is sweeping, and whether the left and right sides affect other vehicles and pedestrians. At the same time, he should hold a long pole and pick up the overhead lines from time to time. \xd\2.1.2.3, planting \xd\2.1.2.3.1, hole digging and soil treatment \xd\ The depth of the tree hole is 2CM deeper than the soil ball, and the width is 6CM wider. Fill the tree hole with about 2CM thick nutrient soil (containing decomposed organic fertilizer) to ensure the nutrients around the root system. \xd\2.1.2.3.2, Pruning \xd\ Use the method of thinning branches to cut off overlapping branches, diseased branches, dead branches, insect branches and cross branches, and remove the strong branches and leave the weak ones, so as to make the crown hierarchical and symmetrical, but pay attention to pruning without overlapping. \xd\2.1.2.3.3, Planting \xd\ Place the big tree in the already prepared planting hole, remove the rope around the crown, and erect the trunk with artificial assistance and machinery for initial support. After the tree is erected, it is necessary to carefully examine the relationship between the tree shape and the environment, rotate and adjust the direction of the crown, so that the tree posture matches the surrounding environment and should conform to the original orientation as far as possible. Then, remove the rope bag or box board wrapped outside the soil ball, fill the soil in layers and build it in layers, and bury the soil ball completely underground. On the ground around the trunk, a water retaining cofferdam should be made. Finally, it should be watered once. \xd\ The single solid line is the technical measures for transplanting \xd\ The double solid lines are the maintenance measures after transplanting \xd\2.1.3, seedling and turf planting \xd\ There are many kinds of plants in the plant world, but each plant has its own specific characteristics. Understanding these characteristics is very helpful for planting and maintaining seedlings and flowers in garden construction. \xd\ Before planting, a targeted planting and maintenance plan can be made according to the various characteristics of seedlings. For example, when planting and maintaining seedlings that like warm climate and are not cold-resistant, attention should be paid to warm measures, and seedlings that are not suitable for wetland planting should pay attention to drainage to avoid dead roots. \xd\ Before planting, test the planting soil to determine the PH value, and then improve the planting soil according to the different characteristics of seedlings. \xd\ According to the characteristics of the seedlings and flowers involved in this tender, it can be mainly divided into the following categories: \xd\ arbors \xd\ refers to trees whose height is more than 5m, with obvious trunk and branch points higher from the ground. It can be divided into evergreen trees, deciduous coniferous trees and deciduous broad-leaved trees. \xd\ Shrubs \xd\ Trees are short, usually less than 5m, with no obvious trunk, or with low trunk, and often have most branches from the ground. \xd\ Turfgrass \xd\ is divided into Gramineae and non-Gramineae grasses, and turfgrass includes cool-season turfgrass and warm-season turfgrass. \xd\2.1.3.1, seedling planting \xd\ preparation before planting \xd\2.1.3.1.1, clear design intent and construction task quantity \xd\ After accepting the construction task, first clear the following questions: \ xd \ 2.1.3. \xd\2.1.3.1.1.2, the construction period of the project. \xd\2.1.3.1.1.3, design intent. \ xd \ 2.1.3.1.4. Understand the above-ground and underground conditions of the construction site, including: the requirements of relevant departments for the retention and disposal of above-ground objects, etc.; Underground pipelines, especially all kinds of underground cables and pipelines, should be known to avoid accidents during construction. \xd\2.1.3.1.1.5, the basis of fixed-point pay-off. Generally, the construction site and nearby leveling points are used as the basis for fixed-point setting-out. If the conditions are not met, we can negotiate with the design department to determine some permanent buildings as the basis. \xd\2.1.3.1.1.6. Sources of engineering materials. \xd\2.1.3.1.1.7, transportation situation. \xd\2.1.3.1.2. Work out the construction organization plan \xd\ On the basis of the requirements specified in the preceding paragraph, the construction site should also be investigated. The main items are: the soil quality of the construction site to determine the required amount of foreign soil; Traffic conditions at the construction site, and whether all kinds of construction vehicles and hoisting machinery can get in and out smoothly; Water supply and power supply at the construction site; Living facilities near the construction site and so on. Make a reasonable and scientific construction plan according to the known situation and data, and its main contents are: \xd\2.1.3.1.2.1. Construction organization and leadership. \xd\2.1.3.1.2.2, construction procedures and progress. \xd\2.1.3.1.2.3, formulate labor quota. \xd\2.1.3.1.2.4. Work out the use plan and schedule of machinery and transport vehicles. \xd\2.1.3.1.2.5. Work out the schedule of materials and tools needed for the project and provide materials and tools. \xd\2.1.3.1.2.6, formulate technical measures and safety and quality requirements for planting engineering. \xd\2.1.3.1.2.7, draw a floor plan, on which the position of heel in, transportation route and irrigation equipment should be marked. \xd\2.1.3.1.3. Preparation for the construction site \xd\ If there are rubbish, dregs and construction rubbish in the construction site, some obstacles that hinder the construction should be removed and moved, and then the terrain should be arranged according to the design drawings, mainly to make it reasonably connected with the elevation of the surrounding roads and squares, so as to make the green space drainage smooth. If the land is leveled by machinery, it should be known in advance whether there are underground pipelines to avoid pipeline damage during mechanical construction. \xd\2.1.3.1.4, fixed-point setting-out \xd\ Fixed-point setting-out is to measure the seedling planting position and plant spacing on site. Because of the different planting methods of trees, there are three commonly used positioning setting-out methods: natural setting-out of trees and shrubs, whole setting-out method (determinant) and equidistant arc setting-out method. Considering the characteristics of this project, the setting-out method of natural arrangement of trees and shrubs is adopted: \xd\2.1.3.1.5, coordinate fixed-point method \xd\ According to the density of plant arrangement, squares are laid in the design drawing and the site respectively according to a certain proportion, and the vertical and horizontal coordinate dimensions of trees in a square are measured with a ruler on the map, and then measured in the corresponding square at the site with a tape measure. \xd\2.1.3.1.6, instrument measuring and releasing method \xd\ Use theodolite or small flatbed instrument to determine the position of each tree group or solitary tree in turn according to the position on the design drawing according to the original base points on the ground or buildings and roads. \xd\2.1.3.1.7, Visual Method \xd\ For the greening planting without fixed points on the design drawing, such as bushes and trees, the planting range of trees and bushes can be delineated by the above two methods, in which the position and arrangement of each tree can be fixed within the set range by visual method according to the design requirements, and attention should be paid to the ecological requirements of plants and the natural beauty when fixing points. After the point is fixed, the pile can be driven with white ash, indicating the tree species, planting quantity (shrub species) and pit diameter. \xd\2.1.3.1.8, seedling preparation \xd\ In the selection of seedlings, besides the requirements for specifications and tree shape according to the design, attention should be paid to selecting seedlings that are healthy and vigorous, free from pests and diseases, mechanical damage, straight tree shape and developed roots; Try to choose seedlings that have been turned over during the seedling raising period and whose roots are concentrated in the tree stump. After the seedlings are selected, they should be listed or marked clearly at the foundation to avoid digging wrong. \xd\ It is best to closely coordinate the seedling emergence time and planting time, so that the seedlings can be planted with the seedlings. In order to facilitate excavation, the soil can be watered properly 1 ~ 3 days before seedling emergence to make it soft, and it is also convenient for bare-rooted seedlings to bring more soil and less damage to the roots. When the seedlings are raised, evergreen seedlings should have complete soil balls, and the survival rate of seedlings scattered with soil balls will be reduced. The size of the soil ball can generally be determined by about 1 times the DBH of trees. For tree species that are particularly difficult to survive, we should consider increasing soil balls. Generally, the height of the soil ball is 5 ~ 1 cm less than the width. Generally, deciduous saplings also carry soil balls, but when seedlings are transplanted in autumn, they can also be bare-rooted. If bare-rooted seedlings are transported far away, they need to be filled with wet grass in the roots or covered with plastic film to keep them moist, so as to avoid excessive water loss in the roots and affect the survival rate of planting. In order to reduce the transpiration of seedlings and improve the survival rate of transplanting, rough pruning should be carried out after digging seedlings and before loading. \xd\2.1.3.1.9, heel in of seedlings \xd\ Any seedlings that can't be planted on time within a few days after arrival, or seedlings with surplus after planting, must be heel in. The so-called heel in is a temporary planting. There are two kinds of planting with soil balls and bare roots in heel in. \xd\2.1.3.1.9.1. heel in of seedlings with soil balls: When planting, the crown of seedlings can be bundled and shrunk, so that each seedling is a soil ball touching the soil ball, and the crown is close to the crown, densely packed together. Then, cover a layer of loam on the soil ball layer to fill the gaps between the soil balls; Sprinkle water evenly on the crown and soil balls to make them wet, and then just keep them wet. Or, plant the seedlings with soil balls on a green land temporarily, and the soil balls are buried in the soil for 1/3 ~ 1/2 depth, and the spacing between plants depends on the heel in time of the seedlings and the size of the soil balls and crown. Generally, the distance between soil balls is 15 ~ 3cm. After the seedlings are planted in determinant, water them to keep a certain humidity. \xd\2.1.3.1.9.2. Bare-rooted seedlings heel in: For bare-rooted seedlings, the method of excavating heel in is generally adopted. First, shallow trenches should be dug in the ground, with a depth of 4 ~ 6 cm. Then the bare-rooted seedlings are planted in the ditch at an angle of 3 degrees next to each other, so that the treetops face west or south. If the tree is slightly west, the direction of ditching is east-west; If the tree is slightly south, the direction of the ditch is north-south. After the seedlings are planted densely and obliquely, cover the roots with soil layer by layer and insert them layer by layer. Spray water on the branches and leaves often to keep them moist. \xd\ When different seedlings are in heel in, it is best to divide heel in according to the specifications of seedling types to facilitate greening construction. The soil in heel in District should not be too muddy, and the ground can't accumulate water. Trenches should be dug in the surrounding edge area for drainage. Heel in area should set aside a channel for transporting seedlings. On days when the sun is particularly strong, shading nets should be set on the seedlings in heel in to reduce the light intensity. \xd\2.1.3.1.1. Dig a hole \xd\ Before planting seedlings, dig a hole around the designated gray point, and the size of the hole depends on the specifications of the soil ball and the root system. The hole with soil ball should be 16 ~ 2 cm larger than the soil ball, and the hole for planting bare-rooted seedlings should ensure that the root system is fully stretched. The depth of the hole is generally slightly deeper than the height of the soil ball (1 ~ 2 cm), and the shape of the hole is generally round, but the upper and lower diameters must be consistent. \xd\ After the planting hole is dug, some topsoil can be filled in the hole. If the soil quality in the hole is poor or there is a lot of rubble, it is required to remove the rubble and garbage, and it is best to replace it with new soil. If the planting soil is too barren, you should first pad the back layer of base fertilizer at the bottom of the hole. The base fertilizer must be fully decomposed organic fertilizer, such as compost and manure. The base fertilizer should also be covered with a layer of loam with a thickness of more than 5cm. \xd\2.1.3.1.11, planting \xd\ 2.1.3.1.11, pruning before planting \ xd \ Before planting, the seedlings must be pruned, the main purpose of which is to reduce the water emission and ensure the balance of tree potential to ensure the survival of trees. When pruning, the pruning amount varies according to the requirements of different tree species. Generally, evergreen conifers and shrubs used for hedgerows are not cut much, only dead branches and injured branches can be cut off. For larger deciduous trees, especially trees with strong growth potential and easy to take out new branches, such as poplar, willow and locust, strong pruning can be carried out, and the crown can be cut off by more than half. This can reduce the burden on the roots, maintain the water balance in the trees, and make the trees stable after planting, so as not to be shaken by the wind. For flowering shrubs and slow-growing trees, branches can be thinned, all or part of leaves can be cut short, dead branches and over-dense branches can be removed, and 1/3 ~ 1/2 branches can be cut for too long branches. Pay attention to the height of the branch point when pruning. Shrub pruning should keep its natural tree shape, and keep the outside low and the inside high when it is cut short. Before planting trees, the roots should be properly pruned, mainly cutting off broken roots, split roots, pest roots and excessively long roots. When trimming, the cut should be flat and smooth, and be coated with anti-corrosion in time.