Latin name: oleander

Alias: Liu Tao, half-year red

Apocynaceae, Apocynum.

country of origin

Iran, India and other places

morphological character

Evergreen shrub, 5 meters tall, glabrous. 3-4 impellers, opposite to the lower part of the branch, narrowly lanceolate, all green, leathery,11-15cm long, 2-2.5cm wide and light green below; Lateral veins are flat, dense and parallel. Summer flowers, pink or white flowers, in terminal cymes; Calyx erect; Corolla deep red, fragrant, double; Corona scaly, apical tear. Follicles are oblong, with a length of 10-23 cm and a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. The top of the seed has yellow-brown seed hair. The stem is erect and smooth, and it is a typical branch of trigeminal nerve. Three leaves, at least four leaves and two leaves, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, all round, leathery, with bright leaves and pinnate lateral veins. Thymus terminal, corolla funnel-shaped, there are two kinds of red and white, single, semi-double or double, fragrant, pod long cylindrical. The flowering period is 6-65438+ 10 month, the fruiting period is 65438+February and the following year is 65438+ 10 month. Common cultivated varieties are: oleander with single petal and white flowers; Double oleander, double safflower; Light yellow oleander with a light yellow flower.

Breeding mode

Propagation by cutting and layering.

Mainly cutting, but also sowing and layering propagation. Pre-cutting can be carried out in spring and summer. Before cutting, the base of cuttings should be soaked in clean water for 7- 10 days, and the water should be changed several times to keep the water fresh. After cutting, it can take root in advance and improve the survival rate. If all water is used, the water temperature should be kept at 18-20℃, and the water should be changed frequently, which is especially easy to take root. Stratification can be carried out in rainy season, and buried soil pressure and cylinder pressure can be used. Tillering propagation is particularly convenient. Sowing can be done in late spring, and the germination rate of 18-2 1℃ is high.

Main applications

Ornamental value: oleander leaves are like willows, and its red flowers are burning, which is better than peach blossoms. Its corolla is pink to dark red or white, with special fragrance, and its flowering period is from June to 10. It is a famous ornamental flower.

Industrial raw materials: oleander seeds contain 58.5% oil, which can be used to make lubricating oil.

Textile raw materials: The stem bark fiber of oleander is an excellent blended raw material.

Medicinal value: Modern medical research has proved that oleander leaves contain oleanolide, glycoside and other substances, and flowers contain digitalis glycoside, aglycone, peach glycoside and other components. They have obvious cardiotonic diuretic, sweating, emetic and analgesic effects, which are similar to digitalis and belong to chronic cardiotonic drugs. Clinical report of oleander decoction. It has been used in heart failure caused by various reasons and achieved good results. Nerium indicum is bitter, cold and toxic, and can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure and amenorrhea, as well as traumatic injury, blood stasis and swelling and pain.

Environmental protection value: oleander has the ability to resist smoke and dust, poison, purify air and protect the environment. The leaves of oleander have strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and other gases that are toxic and harmful to human body. According to the determination, the potted oleander was only slightly damaged at the distance of 40 meters from the pollution source, but it was basically harmless at 170 meters, and it could still bloom normally. The sulfur content of its leaves is more than 7 times higher than that of unpolluted leaves. Nerium oleander can thrive even if it is covered with dust, so it is called "environmental guardian".

Matters needing attention

Leaves and stem bark are highly toxic, so use them with caution when decocting or grinding. Fish ponds and pastures are not suitable for planting.

Oleander poisoning: Poisoning symptoms due to medicinal use or taking too much oleander by mistake. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, delirium, even sweating, limb syncope, arrhythmia and even shock death. Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment.

This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is toxic to leaves, skins and roots. The toxicity of fresh bark is weaker than that of Ye Qiang, and the toxicity of dried flowers is even weaker [A-8]. In the initial stage after poisoning, people mainly have gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, followed by heart symptoms, such as palpitation, irregular pulse and premature beats. Electrocardiogram includes sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, ventricular or atrial tachycardia, and nervous system symptoms include salivation, dizziness, drowsiness and numbness of limbs. In severe cases, dilated pupils, bloody stool, lethargy and convulsions lead to death. The symptoms of animal poisoning are similar. After cow poisoning, severe cases appear cold skin syncope, dilated pupils, loss of appetite and rumination, palpitation, diarrhea, rapid pulse and sudden death. Autopsy found that there were flowing blood samples in gastrointestinal tract, mucosal congestion and bleeding, and bleeding spots in endocardium. 1. directly stimulates myocardium, enhances contractility, and causes extra contraction of ventricle or ventricular fibrillation and atrioventricular block. 2. Excite the medulla oblongata center, make the vagus nerve hyperfunction, thus slow down the heartbeat, increase the myocardial tension, lead to sinus arrhythmia, and form incomplete or complete cardiac block and cardiac arrest. 3. Stimulate smooth muscle contraction of intestine, stomach and uterus, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and abortion. Beer. Enhance vasoconstriction, make tiny capillaries congested or even bleeding, especially internal organs, which are often dark red.

record

Records of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine: Toxic

Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Shandong Province: There is a highly toxic drug.

Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine: highly toxic.

Antidote prescription

1 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch 15g mung bean 30g decocted in water and taken twice.

2 ginseng roots, 9 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus and 6 grams of Schisandra chinensis are decocted in water twice, and mixed and taken twice.

Arima

Oleander (peach): Curse, beware of danger.

Oleander (yellow): Deep friendship

related articles

Oleander is not a precious flower, nor is it the most beautiful flower; However, for me, it is the most unforgettable flower.

I don't know why or when. In the city of my hometown, almost every family planted several pots of oleander and placed them under the screen wall in the gate, facing the gate. As soon as the guests enter the gate, there is a faint fragrance, green wax-like leaves and Xia Hong or snow-like flowers, which immediately make people feel as if they have entered their own door and feel at home.

There are two pots in front of our house, one is red and the other is white. When I was young, I went in and out of here every day. Red flowers remind me of fire, while white flowers remind me of snow. Fire and snow are incompatible: but these two pots of flowers bloom in harmony, as if there were snow on the fire and fire on the snow. I enjoy it, and it is very wonderful and interesting in my little heart.

Just across a wall, around the screen wall, is the yard. Our family has always liked flowers; Although there are no expensive flowers, there are all kinds of common flowers. Every spring, the winter jasmine first blooms yellow flowers to report the news of spring. Then there are peach blossoms, apricot blossoms, begonia, elm leaves, cloves and so on. The yard is full of flowers. In summer, it is full of cockroaches. Impatiens, carnations, cockscomb flowers, four-color plums, Jiangxi wax and so on, are colorful and beautiful. The aroma of cordate telosma permeated the whole summer courtyard, which I will never forget. In autumn, Hosta flowers bring a chill, and the chrysanthemum flower report is over. In short, in three seasons of the year, bloom flowers fall without stopping; Although the scene is beautiful, there are many changes.

However, in the gate separated by a wall, oleander was silent there. One flower failed and another opened. One flower turned yellow, and another one grew back. In the warm spring breeze, the heavy rain in midsummer, and the cold in late autumn, we can't see any special prosperity, nor can we see any special decline, and we won't go against the wind every day, from spring to autumn, from winter jasmine to Hosta and chrysanthemum. This toughness, compared with those flowers in the yard, is not a strong contrast?

But the beauty of oleander does not stop there. I especially like oleander in the moonlight. You stand under it, and the flowers are blurred; But the aroma is not vague at all, and it is a strong attack from the flower branches. It casts a shadow on the wall, the leaves are uneven and the fans are separated, which can cause me a lot of fantasies. I imagined it was a map, but it was a map. This pile of shadows is Asia, that pile of shadows is Africa, and the blank place in the middle is the sea. There happened to be some bugs crawling over. This is an ocean-going ship. I imagined that it was algae in the water, and a small pond really appeared in front of me. The shadow of a moth over the wall is a fish. I imagined it was an ink bamboo, and I really saw a painting. The breeze blew and the leaves fluttered, and this painting became a living painting.

With such tenacity, it can arouse my fantasy, and I fell in love with oleander.

For many years, I have been in and out under this oleander. At first I was short, and I had to look up to see the flowers. Later, I grew taller and shorter in my eyes. I left home when I could see flowers at eye level.

I left home, and many years later, I went to many places. I have seen oleander in different places, but none of them left a deep impression.

Two years ago, I visited Myanmar. After a meeting in Yangon for a few days, many friends from Myanmar enthusiastically accompanied us to visit Bagan, the ancient capital of northern Myanmar. This place is famous for its pagodas and has the title of "City of Ten Thousand Pagodas". It is said that there were ten thousand pagodas at that time. Today, although the number is not so much, it is rugged and rugged, and towers cluster the sky one after another from the ground, just like the Yangshuo Mountains, but also like the stone forest in Yunnan. To use the old saying "like mushrooms after rain", it is almost the same. Although the flowers and trees are still green, the season is winter, bleak and cold.

However, it was in this place, in front of the building where we lived, that I accidentally found my old friend oleander. Each plant is almost as high as a floor, so that I didn't recognize it at first. There are more colors than those in China. Besides red and white, I remember there are yellow ones. Leaves are greener than I have ever seen before, like green wax, and flowers are blooming on high branches, more like patches of Xia Hong, clouds of snow and Huang Yun. Lush, lush, in sharp contrast with the desolate and cold ancient city.

I go in and out under this oleander every day. In the evening, I strolled upstairs with friends from Myanmar, talking about various issues, the history of Bagan, the cultural exchange between China and Myanmar, and the friendship between Chinese and Burmese people. At this time, the ancient pagodas in the distance gradually disappeared into the twilight, while several ancient pagodas in the vicinity were brightly lit by electric lights, which looked like the dreamland of Lingshan. I can reach out and grab the top branches of oleander. The fragrance of flowers also floated upstairs from below, as if to make the friendship between China and Myanmar more fragrant.

In this way, the beautiful and moving memories of oleander are painted with the dazzling color of friendship between the Chinese and Burmese people. I prefer oleander from now on. ....

Special reminder

Oleander, with willow leaves and burning safflower, is better than peach blossom. Its corolla is pink to crimson or white, and it has a special fragrance. Flowering from June to 10, it is a famous ornamental flower. Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian have the ability to resist smog, dust and virus, purify the air and protect the environment. The leaves of oleander have strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and other gases that are toxic and harmful to human body. According to the determination, the potted oleander was only slightly damaged at the distance of 40 meters from the pollution source, but it was basically harmless at 170 meters, and it could still bloom normally. The sulfur content of its leaves is more than 7 times higher than that of unpolluted leaves. Nerium oleander can thrive even if it is covered with dust, so it is called "environmental guardian".

Modern medical research has proved that oleander leaves contain oleanolide, glycoside and other substances, and flowers contain digitalis glycoside, aglycone, peach glycoside and other components. They have obvious cardiotonic diuretic, sweating, emetic and analgesic effects, which are similar to digitalis and belong to chronic cardiotonic drugs. Clinical report of oleander decoction. It has been used in heart failure caused by various reasons and achieved good results. Nerium indicum is bitter, cold and toxic, and can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure and amenorrhea, as well as traumatic injury, blood stasis and swelling and pain.

Nerium indicum is an evergreen shrub with lanceolate leaves at both ends. The flowers in summer are beautiful, with a long flowering period and colors of pink, red, yellow and white.

The whole plant of oleander is highly toxic, and the symptoms after poisoning include nausea, vomiting, lethargy and arrhythmia. In severe cases, you may lose consciousness or die. So, in the face of oleander, just appreciate it and don't start work!