1, classification of female obesity types
There are several different ways to classify obesity types. Generally speaking, female obesity can be divided into the following categories:
Bundle obesity-fat accumulation area is mainly distributed in back, lower abdomen, buttocks, buttocks and thighs, which is similar to obese reproductive infertility syndrome.
Fat is mainly distributed in the femoral trochanter, breast, abdomen, pubic mound and other parts, and postmenopausal obesity mostly belongs to this type.
Obesity of lower limbs-Fat storage area is from buttocks to ankles, sometimes limited to legs and ankles. For example, progressive lipodystrophy leads to extreme obesity in the lower body and extreme emaciation in the upper body.
Obesity of upper limbs-fat is mainly distributed in the back, arms, breasts, neck, face and other parts. Obesity caused by adrenal cortex hyperplasia, tumor and pituitary basophilia (Cushing's disease) belongs to this type.
Hip obesity-fat mainly accumulates in the buttocks, forming a particularly hypertrophy of the buttocks, which is a characteristic of some ethnic groups and belongs to a genetic disease. Some of them combine with breast fat accumulation, forming a huge breast obesity type.
2. The most beautiful standards of all parts of women.
1, up-and-down ratio: taking the navel as the boundary, the up-and-down ratio should be 5 to 8, which conforms to the golden section law.
2, bust: measured from the armpit along the top of the chest, bust should be half the height.
3. Waist circumference: Under normal circumstances, measure the thinnest part of the waist. Waist is 20 cm smaller than bust.
4, hip circumference: in front of the body, the pubic bone is parallel to the largest part of the hip. The hip circumference is 4 cm larger than the chest circumference.
5, thigh circumference: at the top of the thigh, under the hip crease line. The thigh circumference is smaller than the waist circumference 10 cm.
6, calf circumference: calf fullness. The calf circumference is 20 cm smaller than the thigh circumference.
7. Foot neck circumference: at the thinnest part of the foot neck. The ankle circumference is smaller, and the leg circumference is smaller 10 cm.
8. Upper arm circumference: between shoulder joint and elbow joint. The upper arm circumference is equal to half the thigh circumference.
9. Neck circumference: The thinnest part in the middle of the neck. Neck circumference equals calf circumference.
10, shoulder width: the distance between two acromions. The shoulder width is equal to half the bust minus 4 cm.
The beauty of bones lies in symmetry and moderation. That is, the longitudinal axes of the head and neck, trunk and feet are on the same vertical line when standing; The shoulders are slightly wider, the proportion of head, trunk and limbs and the connection between head, neck and chest are moderate.
First, the most beautiful face of a woman
What kind of face proportion is the most standard beauty? I believe this is a question that many artists have been exploring. Now, this golden ratio has been released and the most beautiful face in the world has been found.
What kind of female face looks good? American and Canadian research teams have calculated the latest golden ratio formula, and found that the distance between eyes and mouth accounts for 36% of the face length and 46% of the face width. The new golden ratio is recognized as the most attractive face, and the most suitable one is American actress Jessica Alba.
Western women:
The distance from the eyes to the mouth accounts for 36% of the face length, and the distance between the eyes accounts for 46% of the face width.
Oriental women:
The distance from the eyes to the mouth accounts for 33% of the face length, and the distance between the eyes accounts for 42% of the face width.
Facial plastic surgery experts believe that the shape and size of the face can determine a person's taste and impression, which is not an exaggeration. No matter how beautiful you are, as long as your whole face is square or your cheekbones are too high, you won't leave a good impression. In fact, a woman with a little nonstandard eyes, nose and mouth will feel very individual if the overall contour of her face is beautiful.
1, slender egg-shaped face
What women like best is a slender egg-shaped face. From the symbolic meaning of culture, the egg shape symbolizes women's life and has always been regarded as a form to give people peace, stability and increase women's beauty.
2, the benchmark of egg type
Generally speaking, the egg shape that looks more balanced and beautiful also has a certain benchmark. The average face length of modern women in China is 182- 186 mm, and the face width is 129- 136 mm based on the widest point between the cheekbones.
When a person with a balanced face is divided into three parts, the distance from the upper forehead to the eyebrows, the distance from the eyebrows to the tip of the nose and the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin are all the same. The distance from the tip of the nose to the chin is best when it is the same as the distance from the mouth.
Beauty is gorgeous, from thirteen to twenty-three, with only ten years of color. For example, at the beginning of the flower, wheatgrass is seductive, and it is all on this occasion. After this, just like a blooming flower, without brilliance, zero thanks will follow. However, some people envy semi-old beauty, which is very funny and naturally cute.
It only takes us a few seconds to see whether a girl looks good or not. Generally speaking, the upper part of a girl's face is relatively wide, and the lower part gradually narrows. The whole face is oval or oval, which looks better.
So, how can we specifically analyze a girl's face? Here's an aesthetic rule summed up through years of practice, so that you can quickly find out what beauty a beautiful woman has. What does a girl lack?
First, we make a vertical axis through the forehead-nose tip-person-chin in the middle of the face; Make a horizontal line through the eyebrow arch; Draw a parallel line through the lower edge of the nose. In this way, two parallel lines divide the face into three equal parts: from hairline to brow line; From the eyebrows to the lower edge of the nose; From the lower edge of the nose to the tip of the chin, the upper, middle and lower parts account for just one third, which is called "three courts". "Five eyes" refers to the length of one eye from the outside of the corner of the eye to the edge of the hairline on the same side, which is also the length of one eye between the two eyes and the length of one eye from the other side to the edge of the hairline. This is the "five eyes". Therefore, a good-looking girl must at least meet the "three courts and five eyes", which is the most basic standard. Let's take another look. On the vertical axis, there must be "four highs and three lows".
Four highs and three lows
"Four Highs":
The first is the forehead, the second highest point, the tip of the nose. The third highest, lip bead. The fourth tallest, with a pointed chin.
"Three lows":
Between the eyes, the nose-forehead junction must be sunken; Above lip bead, the middle ditch is sunken, the middle ditch of beauty is deep and the middle ditch is obvious; Below the lower lip, there is a small depression and three depressions.
In addition, we also put forward the aesthetic standard of "abundance": draw a "abundance" on a person's face to further judge whether it is beautiful or ugly. First make the central axis of the face, then make a horizontal line through the temple (temple part), then make a parallel line through the highest points of the cheekbones on both sides, and then make a parallel line through the corners of the mouth to the mandibular angle. Form a word "feng".
Aesthetic standard of richness
Above the three horizontal lines of the word "wind", the temple part should not be too concave or too convex; As for the cheekbones, they should extend forward, not laterally outward, not too high or too wide; For the mandibular angle, it should not be too fat or everted, otherwise it will become a "Chinese face".
If a girl's facial contour conforms to the "three hospitals and five eyes" in the frame structure, there are "four highs and three lows" on the middle vertical axis and "abundance" on the horizontal axis, which meet the above ten basic indicators, then the girl can be called "beauty" with at least 80 points. This beauty must also conform to the so-called "golden section" law of human beauty.
Second, the most beautiful breast standards
About breasts, babies see food, men see the same room, doctors see disease, businessmen see money, and women see beauty and confidence. It is the dream of many women to have a pair of plump, firm and straight breasts. But in the eyes of experts, judging whether breasts are "beautiful" can't just look at "size".
China beauty breast standards are as follows:
1, hemispherical and conical breast shapes are ideal.
2, the breast is slightly upward, about 8- 10 cm thick.
3. The areola size is less than 1 yuan coin, the color is ruddy and pink, and there is a clear dividing line with the breast skin. Pigmentation is brown after marriage.
4, nipple should be prominent, not invagination, the size of the areola diameter of 65438 0/3.
The aesthetic standards of breasts are plump, round, tall and straight, upright, elastic, basically symmetrical in size, shape and position on both sides, pink nipple areola, cylindrical nipple and slightly upward.
Generally speaking, according to the height of the breast axis (the height from the base of the breast to the nipple), the breast can be divided into three types. The height of the thoracic axis is 2-3 cm, which is less than 1/2 of the diameter of the thoracic base. It is called a bowl or a disk, and it is a relatively flat breast. The height of the thoracic axis is 4-6 cm, which is about 1/2 of the diameter of the thoracic base, and it is hemispherical. "This is the most beautiful breast for women in China." Professor Ma Haihuan, director of plastic surgery at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital of the Ministry of Health, told the reporter of Life Times. The breast axis is more than 6 cm high and is full of cone shape. "From the morphological point of view, the most beautiful breast should be hemispherical, and the most satisfactory and ideal breast for women should be conical. This may be related to the fact that most women want to be fuller. " Ma Haihuan said.
The position of the breast is also the main factor that determines the overall effect. Generally, the position of the breast is higher, between the second and sixth ribs; Viewed from the side, the nipple should be located around the fourth rib, almost in the center of the shoulder and elbow. "From the ratio of breast to height, if the body length is 8 heads high, the nipple should be located at 6 and110 head from the foot to the head. If you look down, that is, the distance from the mandible to the nipple is slightly equal to the height of a head, and the distance from the nipple to the navel is the distance of a head. " In addition, if the line between the middle depression of two collarbones and two nipples can be a regular triangle, it is the most ideal and perfect overall shape.
Nowadays, many women want to be a boob, but the size and height of breasts are proportional. The internationally accepted measure is ratio = upper bust/height (cm). When measuring the upper chest circumference, you need to put the soft ruler at the nipple position and bypass the body for a week. The "golden ratio" of women in China should be 0.53. The closer to this value, the more appropriate the breast size. The proportion of most people is between 0.5 and 0.53; If the ratio is less than 0.49, it means that the breast is small; The proportion of plump women is between 0.54 and 0.55; Bobbi is greater than 0.55.
Third, a woman's most beautiful shoulder
The shoulders are symmetrical, the corners are round and plump, and they do not rise or fall, and the curves are beautiful, forming the same angular relationship with the head. The clavicle fossa on the shoulder is rich and smooth.
Definition of shoulder: In the human body, there is a shoulder joint composed of lunate and scapula, which is the joint with the largest range of motion in the human body. It is also one of the lovely places for modern women.
Shoulder position: the part where the upper arm connects with the body.
Shoulder types: flat shoulders, cut shoulders, hanging shoulders and shrugging shoulders.
Flat shoulder: you look at the point of the left shoulder and the right shoulder in front of the mirror. If it happens to be a horizontal line, it is a flat shoulder. Flat shoulders are divided into wide shoulders and narrow shoulders: wide shoulders mean that the width between the left and right shoulders is obviously 2.5 times greater than the head width; Shoulder narrowness means that the width distance between the left and right shoulders is obviously less than 2.5 times the width of the head. Women with shoulder width have the characteristics of male figure, that is, inverted triangle figure, while women with shoulder width are mostly thin, slender or tall, or slender upper body.
Shoulder cutting: The left and right shoulders are obviously narrow and drooping. Most women with a pair of "cut shoulders" have thin upper bodies, and the shoulder blades and ribs on the chest are obviously protruding.
Shoulder drooping: the phenomenon that the left and right shoulder points obviously droop according to the horizontal line is called shoulder drooping. Whether you are fat or thin, you may hang your shoulders.
Shrugging: Look at the left and right shoulder points horizontally, lean forward slightly, raise high, and the scapula is obvious and slightly prominent, which is a shrug.
Fourth, the most beautiful waist circumference standard for women
The beauty of the waist is mainly reflected in the smooth curve from top to bottom, and the graceful curve connecting the shoulders and chest above and extending the plump buttocks below. This curve is like a hyperbola in mathematics. The reason why the figure is beautiful is that there are concave points in the upper waist and the lower waist expands gently to the buttocks. It is this change that makes the curve feel beautiful. "Bucket waist" is unremarkable.
China beauty waist standard is as follows:
1, waist width doesn't matter, but it must be suitable for the whole body. The thick waist is called "small waist" and the thin waist is called "willow waist".
2, the waist must be light and flexible, can swing when walking, and has the beauty of exquisite curves.
3, the waist line is tight, the skin is not slack, and there can be no fat.
Five, China beautiful buttock standards are as follows:
1, the buttocks should be a little upturned, which is an important condition for evaluating the beauty of buttocks.
2, the size of the entire hip should be balanced, and it should conform to the proportion of the body, not too big, too small, of course, unqualified.
3, hips must be tight and round, and you can't shake too much when you walk.
Men value women's "waist-to-hip ratio" more than fat and thin. Evolutionary psychologists have found through many experiments that women with waist-hip ratio below 0.7 are most suitable for men's graceful figure. There is ample evidence that a low waist-hip ratio is a guide for women's health and fertility, and women with a high waist-hip ratio have a higher probability of suffering from various diseases and are more difficult to get pregnant. In this sense, men think that women with low waist-hip ratio are more beautiful, and they also focus on "genetic interests."
The most beautiful line of human body is the curve from waist to hip. In other words, the chest, waist and buttocks form a set of ups and downs of "S" curves, which are the most lovely parts of the female body.
The ancient Greeks first realized the curvy beauty of women's buttocks. Greeks pay attention to women's bulging and elastic breasts, plump and rounded hips, soft waist, delicate face and shiny skin and even the whole harmonious and symmetrical body.
The most famous is the famous "Venus Beautiful Buttock". This statue is modeled after two sisters, Aphrodite, the goddess of freedom and beauty at that time. Both sisters are famous in Greece for their charming hips. What we are talking about now is "unexplained Venus", and that's them.
Hemispherical hips are considered to be the most beautiful. For women in China, the hip curve is particularly important. Because women in China are characterized by flat hips, the "S" curve is not obvious enough.
The key to the curve of hip lies in the shape of hip and the smoothness of hip arc. We know that a circle is the most perfect curve. For example, the ancient Taiji diagram is round, and we call the most satisfactory result "perfection".
Therefore, the shape of the buttocks should be round and beautiful. The waist is slender, and the buttocks form a pair of curved hemispheres, which are semi-circular and slightly upturned and elastic, and are considered to be the most beautiful and attractive buttocks.
Sixth, the standard of female back beauty
It is mainly the beauty of curve and muscle fluctuation, as well as the beauty of outline from different angles of side and front. Generally speaking, the beauty standard of women's back means that the back width is moderate, the proportion with hips is appropriate, the muscles are full, the waist is obviously undulating and curved, the spinal groove is obvious, and the bones under the shoulders are not prominent.
Beautiful back shape: Western women's backs are completely exposed, revealing most of their backs or even the whole back to show the charm of their backs. Oriental women's backs are exposed more and more, but even in the case of dress, the beauty of the back is still an important part of female beauty because of its large area.
Back defects mainly refer to: humpback, which is divided into juvenile humpback, occupational humpback, senile humpback and pathological humpback; Concave back, flat back, round back, humpback, scoliosis, etc.
Seven, the standard of female abdominal beauty
Nowadays, beauty and obesity seem to be two words with blood feud. Obese people lose weight at all costs in order to get beauty. Where obesity is the easiest to get fat? Pot-bellied, pot-bellied, middle-aged men can also use "fat" to hide their shame, what about women? It is still flat belly to keep beauty.
The standard accepted by most men and women: from the front, there should be two symmetrical depressions on both sides of the navel, which together with the navel depression divide the abdomen into two parts. The bust at the breast and the hip at the waist line should be roughly equal to make the waist soft. Viewed from the side, the abdomen should be symmetrical with the protruding part of the breast and the protruding part of the hip to form an "S" shape.
Abdominal shape that affects beauty: fat accumulates and deposits around the lower abdomen and navel, forming a hanging abdominal wall; Accustomed to the formation of spherical abdominal wall, abdominal wall swelling, subcutaneous tissue thickness varies; Insufficient subcutaneous fat and too many wrinkles around the navel make the abdominal skin loose.
The standard of beautiful abdomen, that is, when standing straight, a drop of water rolls off close to the abdomen without touching the skin; When lying flat, a drop of water falls into the navel, which can be clearly seen on the horizontal line of the abdomen. Of course, the above beautiful abdomen is the limit standard. A flat and tight belly really adds a lot of color to beautiful women. Just look at the girls wearing all kinds of navel-revealing clothes and you will know the value of a beautiful belly. However, it is not easy to form a beautiful abdomen, because women's lower abdomen is the place where fat is most likely to accumulate. Often girls' obesity starts from the small abdomen and then spreads to the waist. Therefore, to become a standard beauty, you must start maintenance from the abdomen, otherwise it is impossible.
There is also the Venus mound (pubic symphysis) in the lower part of the lower abdomen, which should be high mound-shaped.
Eight, a woman's most beautiful legs
Jade leg beauty is very attractive to the opposite sex whether it is dressed or naked, and it is also very important to the overall beauty of women's figure, outline and curve.
The standard jade leg beauty generally includes: the overall length is more than half of the height, the bones are upright, the shape is round, the muscles and skin are not slack, the thickness is appropriate, the skin is elastic, the knees are round, and the bones are slender. The thighs and calves are straight, and the calves are longer, exceeding three-quarters of the length of the thighs. When the legs are closed, the gap should not exceed 2 cm. Barefoot is slender and round, without fat accumulation and skin relaxation, and the girth is small. These standards not only make the beauty of jade legs have high aesthetic value, but also make women look slender, slim and straight, which has a great influence on women's dynamic demeanor.
Common leg defects include: X-leg, O-leg, dwarfism when knees are together and feet are separated by more than 1.5 cm.
Beautiful legs describe women's beautiful, lovely and slender jade legs. The beauty of beautiful legs can be divided into crystal clear thigh beauty, flawless calf beauty, implicit foot beauty and healthy and clear leg beauty. The so-called leg bodybuilding refers to the beauty of the legs. The length and thinness of legs are two major factors that determine the beauty and ugliness of legs. The standard size of fat legs depends on the height of the human body, that is, people with tall bodies need thicker hair sections in their legs to be symmetrical and beautiful. Beautiful legs not only have congenital factors, but also can be repaired by acquired compensation in various ways.
The best leg beauty standard is 1. Leg length is more than 80cm (the median hip height for women and China is 73.2cm). 2. Leg length divided by height is more than 48% (crotch height/height, the median female in China is 46.62%). 3. The legs are symmetrical, the thighs are round and the calves are slender. 4. Leg skin is white and tender, with texture. 5. the legs are straight, and there is no x or o leg shape from the front. Another common standard is that the overall length of the leg is more than half of the height, the bones are upright, the shape is round, there is no slack muscle and skin, the thickness is appropriate, the skin is smooth and elastic, the knees are round, and the bones are slender. The thighs and calves are straight, and the calves are longer, exceeding three-quarters of the length of the thighs. When the legs are folded, the gap should not exceed 2 cm. Barefoot is slender and round, without fat accumulation and loose skin, and the knee between thigh and calf is not prominent from the side.
Nine, the standard of female hand beauty
A pair of beautiful hands often have the following characteristics: tender, white, soft, slender and slightly bony. Fingers are slender and sharp, nails are big and thin, clean and tidy. Such hands look fresh, bright and plump, and their fingers are smart and colorful. It feels soft, moist and mysterious when you hold it.
Slender is the most intuitive embodiment of the aesthetic feeling of the hand, and the length of the hand is 18 cm.
People put forward very detailed standards for the beauty of vegetarian hands: the length of the hand is about two and a half times the width, the length of the middle finger is more than half the length of the hand, the size of the hand is above average, the fingers are slender, the fingertips are cut off, the nails are large and thin, clean and tidy, the veins and blood vessels are not obvious, and the skin is tender, smooth and delicate, and spotless. The Book of Songs describes the beauty of women's hands. Yi is a kind of hairy bud, soft, tender and white, which is used to describe the delicacy of jade hands. We think that women's hands are more delicate, dexterous, slender, plump and elegant than men's hands.
Hands can be divided into palms, backs of hands and fingers. There are three fingers except the thumb. The proximal end of the palm is the anterior carpal region, the center of the distal end is a triangular depression, and both sides of the palm are fish-bellied, the outer side is called thenar and the inner side is called thenar. The palm and the back of the hand are the same, but not the same. Together, the two hands are seamless, the fingers are smart and colorful, and the lines are intricate and mysterious.
The hand length of women in China is generally 17. 1 cm, while the hand length of beauty is slightly higher than this figure, about 18 cm. Slender is the most intuitive embodiment of hand beauty, and it is also the decisive factor of hand beauty. Therefore, the hand with the length of 18 cm is the most beautiful, and this standard is of course relative to the whole physical condition. For example, a girl with a height of 146 cm has a pair of hands as long as 18 cm, which is not beautiful in any case. This is not to say that these hands are not beautiful, but they are not suitable for the height of girls, and they are beautiful.
The beauty of the hand also lies in the size of the hand, palm and fingers and the proportional relationship between them. Seen from the front, a beautiful hand has a length-width ratio of 4∶3 when the palms are together, the length-width ratio of the fingers is equal when they are fully unfolded, the ratio of the length of the palm to the length of the middle finger is also 4∶3, and the ratio of the width of the palm to the length of the middle finger is 1∶ 1. Seen from the back, the middle finger is the longest and the thumb is as long as the little finger. The proximal and distal segments of the thumb are equal to the proximal and middle segments of the index finger, middle finger and ring finger respectively. The proportional length of each finger is:
1. Thumb: equal to or slightly longer than the little finger, reaching nearly one third of the proximal segment of the index finger when the finger is in the state;
2. forefinger: its tip reaches half of the distal segment of the middle finger;
3. Middle finger: four fifths of the length of the palm or seven eighths of the width of the palm;
4. Ring finger: the tip of the ring finger jumps over the distal half of the middle finger;
5. Little finger: its distal end reaches the interphalangeal joint at the distal end of the ring finger.
In this way, the proportion of each part of the hand is coordinated, and * * * creates a beautiful masterpiece. Now, let's pay attention to the overall shape characteristics of the palm and fingers, that is, the hand shape. Hand shape is different because of great differences in race and region and also influenced by individual differences. Hand shapes can be roughly divided into the following categories: square, rectangle, cone and bamboo. Generally speaking, women's hands are rectangular. This kind of hand is rectangular as a whole, with narrow palm, long fingers, uniform finger thickness, smooth appearance and elegant and beautiful hand outline.