The lower leg is composed of the tibia and the fibula. The thicker one in front is the tibia, and the thinner one is the fibula. There is a bone at the top of the arch of the foot called the talus. The ankle joint is formed by the lower ends of the tibia and fibula resting on the talus, commonly known as the "ankle". The part of the lower end of the tibia that projects inward is called the medial malleolus, and the part of the lower end of the fibula that projects outward is called the lateral malleolus. The ankle joint capsule is looser front and back and tighter on both sides. The ankle joint is reinforced by ligaments around it, with the deltoid ligament on the inside and three independent ligaments on the outside. Because the lateral ligaments are weaker than the medial ligaments, and the medial malleolus is shorter, it is easy for the foot to invert (the sole of the foot faces inward) and damage the lateral collateral ligament. When the ankle joint is dorsiflexed, the talus has no room for movement, but when it is plantar flexed (lifting the heel), the talus can move slightly to both sides, so the ankle joint often suffers from varus sprains in the plantar flexion position.

The incidence of ankle sprains is higher among adolescents because students participate in more sports activities. If there is insufficient preparation before the activity, sprains may easily occur during the activity; girls wearing high heels walking on uneven roads or not concentrating when going down steps are prone to plantar flexion and varus. At this time, the lateral collateral ligament is suddenly overstretched, which can cause Causing ankle sprain. In mild ankle sprains, the ligaments are loosened or partially torn; in severe cases, the ligaments are completely broken, accompanied by ankle subluxation, or complicated by fracture and dislocation. After an ankle sprain, the patient will have pain and swelling in front or below the outer heel, and there may be ecchymosis in the acute stage. At this time, turning the foot inward will aggravate the pain, but turning the foot evert will cause no pain.

So, what should you do after an ankle sprain? If the ligament is partially torn or damaged, the varus angle will increase, accompanied by severe pain. In the acute phase, you can immerse the ankle in cold water within 24 hours, or apply a cold towel to the affected area for 10-20 minutes each time, once every 6 hours, which can shrink blood vessels, reduce swelling and relieve pain. After 24 hours, hot compress is required to accelerate local blood circulation and absorb the exudate in the tissue space as soon as possible, thereby reducing pain. If the ligament damage is severe and the pain is severe, three strips of tape 4 cm wide can be applied to the ankle. Starting from the lower 1/3 of the inner leg, the three strips overlap each other. The width of the overlapping part is about half of each strip of tape, and then surround it. Three pieces of tape are applied to the calf for fixation, but it is necessary to prevent the tape from being too tight and blocking the blood flow. Apply an external bandage and fix it for 2-3 weeks. In cases of complete ligament rupture, the varus angle of the foot increases significantly. When subluxed, the foot is in an extreme varus position, and a gap can be felt under the lateral malleolus. This type of injury requires manual reduction by a doctor, and then a tubular cast is used to fix the injured foot at 90 degrees and eversion for 4-6 weeks. People with repeated sprains often suffer from joint dislocation due to improper early treatment. Patients with joint dislocation can wear covered shoes to protect their ankles, and raise the outside of the shoes by 1-1.5 cm to keep the foot in a valgus position and prevent foot inversion. In addition, middle school students in adolescence should try not to wear high heels, do not chase and fight, and be fully prepared before sports activities to prevent ankle sprains.

What should I do if I have an ankle sprain?

Ankle sprain is the most common joint sprain in the whole body and is a very common clinical disease. Ankle sprains, especially varus injuries, are more common, resulting in strain, tear, or even rupture of the lateral collateral ligament. When walking or sprinting, the outer edge of the foot touches the ground and the sole of the foot suddenly retracts when the foot falls, steps on the ground, or falls from a height, which can cause the lateral ankle ligament to be stretched and sprained, or even partially torn, and can also be combined with lateral ankle avulsion. sexual fracture.

When the ankle joint is sprained, there is a "split"-like tearing feeling, local swelling, and obvious pain. The affected foot cannot walk with weight, lameness occurs, and the front sole of the foot cannot touch the ground. If it is only the lateral collateral ligament sprain and edema, the symptoms will disappear within 1 to 3 days. If there is a ligament tear, the pain will continue and the joint will be unstable. X-rays can show whether there is an avulsion fracture, an increase in the talus slope, or dislocation. .

Early treatment after an ankle sprain is very important. It is advisable to rest in bed and hold a crutch when going to the ground to prevent the ankle from bearing weight. Do not move too early and rest for more than two weeks. Cold compresses should be used immediately after injury, and hot compresses should be avoided, and heavy techniques such as local rubbing should not be used. Local sealing can be used to relieve pain. In order to stabilize the joints, the patient can sit on a chair with the lower leg hanging down. The fourth and fifth toes are covered with a narrow bandage and the patient can pull it upward by himself to make the ankle joint dorsiflexion and eversion. The doctor uses three strips of 4cm wide tape, overlapping half of them in order, from the top of the medial malleolus, around the plantar surface of the foot, through the lateral malleolus and upward, and sticks it under the head of the fibula. Then it is wrapped and fixed with a bandage and immobilized for several days. Immobilization should be considered as overcorrection, that is, the injured limb should be turned over in the opposite direction of the injured force, the injured limb in varus position should be fixed in valgus position, and the injured limb in valgus position should be fixed in varus position. Immobilize with plaster or splint if necessary. After the acute stage, you can apply hot compress and exercise the flexion, extension and inversion of the ankle joint, or use massage techniques to rotate the ankle joint, plantar flexion and inversion, dorsiflexion and eversion, and massage the affected area. Complete tearing of the ligament may require repair surgery. A small number of patients are prone to sprains again after recovery.

Why does ankle sprain cause long-term foot pain?

After ankle sprain, most patients can be cured with reasonable treatment. There are also some patients who have pain on the outside of the foot after the ankle joint pain disappears. If it does not heal for a long time, it may even last for decades, affecting walking and work. It is usually caused by simultaneous damage to the soft tissues within the sinus tarsi. The sinus tarsi consists of the talar groove and the calcaneal groove. The sinus opening is located in front and below the lateral malleolus. There are interosseous calcaneal ligaments, fat pads, calcaneotalar joint synovium and bursae in the sinus.

Ankle sprains can cause damage to the ligaments, fat pads and synovial membranes in the tarsal sinus, resulting in aseptic inflammation. After the injury heals, scar contracture and ligament tension can occur, resulting in pain on the lateral side of the dorsum of the foot and tenderness at the mouth of the tarsal sinus. Sometimes It can also radiate to the toes. Soft tissue lesions cause autonomic nerve dysfunction. Abnormal sensation, coldness, heaviness, weakness, and involuntary shivering in the lower legs and feet may occur.

The pain disappears immediately after partial sealing of the sinus. You should pay attention to rest after ankle sprain, local physical therapy treatment, and closed treatment can be used. The treatment effect is good. If conservative treatment is ineffective and the pain is stubborn, surgery can be used to remove the soft tissue in the tarsal sinus and stuff gelatin sponge into the tarsal sinus to stop bleeding and eliminate dead space.

Prevention and treatment of ankle sprains

1. Causes and principles of ankle sprains. According to the anatomical characteristics, the ankle joint is composed of the articular surface under the tibia and fibula and the articular surface above the talus (talus pulley). The flexor muscles of the foot are stronger than the extensor muscles, and the inversion muscles are stronger than the eversion muscles. In addition, the lateral malleolus is longer than the medial malleolus, and the deltoid ligament of the medial malleolus is stronger than the three lateral ligaments. Therefore, varus has a greater range of motion than valgus. In addition, the body of the talus is wide in front and narrow in the back. When the dorsiflexion of the foot is extended, the talus completely enters the ankle point, making the ankle joint stable and difficult to sprain. When the plantar flexion occurs, the narrow part behind the talus enters the wide part in front of the ankle point, and the ankle joint is relatively Unstable and prone to sprains. Ball sports are technically complex and require frequent changes in technical movements during practice, requiring constant changes in direction, sudden stops and starts, etc. Especially rebounding in basketball and jumping and spiking in volleyball require students to leave the ground and perform During the airborne phase, the foot is in a plantar flexion and inversion position. If the body's center of gravity is unstable when landing, it will tilt to one side or step on other people's feet or balls, or on uneven ground, and the student lacks the ability to protect himself. If the foot is unable to reach the ground, it will land on the front and outside of the foot, causing the foot to turn inward and cause injury.

2. Symptoms. After the injury, there is obvious tenderness on the medial or lateral side of the ankle joint; there is obvious swelling of the medial and lateral ankle joints, local subcutaneous ecchymosis, limited ankle joint movement, and difficulty in walking.

3. On-site treatment of ankle sprain. Immediately after the injury, apply cold compress, pressure bandage, elevate the affected limb, rest immobile, and apply new wound medicine externally.

4. Massage therapy. After 3 days, light massage can be performed: (1) Massage the Jiexi point (center of the ankle crease on the dorsum of the foot, between the extensor pollicis longus tendon and the extensor toe longus tendon) for 1 minute; (2) Massage the Kunlun point (the lateral malleolus and heel joint) (the midpoint of the tendon line) for 1 minute; (3) Massage the Xuanzhong point (3 inches above and below the tip of the lateral malleolus, the posterior edge of the fibula) for 1 minute; (4) Massage the Yanglingquan point (in the depression below the head of the fibula) for 1 minute. The above acupoint massages are performed only when the patient feels soreness and swelling.

5. Post-injury exercises. After the swelling and pain are relieved, you should walk on the ground or walk with crutches fixed by an adhesive support belt. After 1 to 2 weeks, you can perform muscle strength and coordination exercises, jogging on the sand, walking or jumping exercises on a concave and convex slope, and Gradually enter formal practice.

6. Strengthen preventive measures. An important reason for injuries is the lack of self-protection awareness and failure to pay attention to preventive measures. Therefore, it is necessary to fully prepare for activities, improve venue facilities, cultivate and improve self-protection capabilities, improve ankle muscle strength, and ankle joint stability and coordination. Protective support belts should be worn during practice.

Why do ankle sprains often occur on the outside?

In daily life, people go up and down stairs, go shopping on foot, and stroll in the park. When they are not paying attention, they miss the steps and collide with the bricks and stones. Tree stumps, etc., can easily sprain the ankle joint. When there is a sprain, most of it occurs in the lower part of the lateral ankle, while it is less common on the medial side. What is the reason?

This is because the lateral malleolus is longer than the medial malleolus, so it supports the outside of the ankle joint. At the same time, There is a group of strong ligaments in the medial malleolus, called the "tibial collateral ligament" (also called the "triangular ligament"), which extends from the medial malleolus to the foot bone in a fan shape, tightly pulling the inside of the ankle joint. The two work at the same time to prevent the ankle joint from turning outward when the ankle joint twists, but often cause the ankle joint to turn excessively inward. At this time, the relatively weak fibular collateral ligament will be torn and injured. This is why ankle sprains are more common on the outside (that is, the fibular side).

There is another reason. The muscle groups on the inner side of the calf that control the foot, such as the tibialis anterior and posterior tibialis, are relatively strong and can stabilize the inner side of the ankle joint and prevent it from everting and shifting; On the contrary, the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles on the outside of the calf that control the foot are relatively weak. When a sprain occurs, they cannot tightly control the stability of the outside of the ankle, but are forced to stretch, causing excessive inversion of the ankle joint. The outside of the ankle.

When the lateral ankle is sprained, due to the tear and bleeding of the fibular collateral ligament, hematoma and subcutaneous ecchymoses appear below the lateral ankle and on the back of the foot. There is obvious local tenderness. If the foot is moved during the examination, If you turn inward, you will feel severe pain due to the pulling of the injured area. If you turn to the outside of the sprain, the pain will not be obvious.

The diagnosis of ankle sprain is generally not difficult, but the often associated fibular condyle fracture must be excluded. If there is a suspected fracture, an X-ray will be taken to confirm it.

Treatment is mainly symptomatic. Fresh sprains can be immediately iced or sprayed with cryogen to the local area to suppress bleeding and swelling, and can be bandaged and fixed appropriately. For fresh sprains, avoid massage, passive exercise, or immediate walking. Doing so will aggravate local damage and bleeding. After 1 to 2 days, local hot compress can be applied, infrared light can be irradiated, and short-wave diathermy therapy can be used.

After 2 to 3 days, you can practice walking activities, perform local gentle massage or supplement with passive activities. It will take about 1 to 2 weeks to recover, but severe ligament tears will require a longer period of time to recover. If you are not careful, you may sprain again.

Take ankle sprains seriously

Almost 25,000 Americans sprain their ankles every day, but few people pay attention to this problem. When the foot is not twisted properly, it can cause Causes excessive extension and bending of the external ankle ligaments.

Glenn Pfeffer, an orthopedic specialist in California, said that people rely on the ankle joint for movement and work. If an ankle sprain is not treated in time, it may cause joint damage. Complications of instability, such as joint pain or recurring sprains.

It is said that the best way to treat ankle sprains is to rest, freeze, compress, and elevate the ankle joint. If the situation is serious, use The bandage is wrapped around the joint, and the patient should also do appropriate exercises to prevent joint stiffness.

Of course, it is best to prevent sprains. When playing volleyball and tennis, preparatory activities should be done and wrapped with a bandage. It is also a good method to protect the joints.

Wearing air-cushion sports shoes can easily cause ankle injuries. "Wen Wei Po" March 29, 2001

According to the British "The Times" report on the 27th, Australia A new research report from a university shows that wearing air-cushioned sneakers during exercise is more likely to cause ankle joint injuries.

It is reported that a survey conducted by researchers on about 10,000 basketball players showed that the odds of injury for those who wore air-cushioned shoes were four to one compared with those who did not wear air-cushioned shoes. Most of them injured their ankles while landing from a high jump. Once the results were announced, it caused quite a shock in the sports and business circles. A spokesman for Nike, the maker of air-cushioned sneakers, immediately spoke and said the company takes the report very seriously.

Disease Ankle Sprain

Introduction Ankle sprain refers to a disease in which the ankle ligaments are damaged or broken. It is a common and frequently-occurring disease in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, which can occur at any age. Children of middle school age are more active and have more incidences. Modern medicine believes that ankle sprains are most common when walking, running, jumping or going down stairs. When going downhill, the ankle suddenly turns outward or inward in the plantar flexion position, and the lateral or medial collateral ligaments are subjected to strong tension, causing the stability of the ankle joint to lose balance and coordination, and ankle sprains occur. Lateral ankle injuries are the most common. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that this disease occurs due to factors such as trauma, which damages the meridians of the ankle, resulting in sluggish flow of qi and blood, blocked meridians, and qi stagnation and blood stasis.

Common symptoms include obvious swelling and pain in the ankle, inability to touch the ground, obvious tenderness in the injured area, and local subcutaneous blood stasis. If the lateral ankle ligament is sprained, the pain will be obvious when the foot is turned in; if the medial ankle ligament is sprained, the pain will be obvious when the foot is turned out. If the ligament is torn, there may be varus and valgus deformities and hematoma.

Massage method 1 Massage method 2 Lifestyle conditioning

Massage method 1

1. Commonly used techniques

(1) With the child in the supine position, parents use their thumbs to rub Qiuxu, Taixi, Kunlun, Shenmai, and Yanglingquan, with the strength increasing from light to heavy, and each point is operated for half a minute.

(2) Parents use one hand to fix the foot, and the other hand to apply force on the thenar, and gently and gently massage around the ankle joint for 2 to 5 minutes.

(3) The parent holds the sole of the foot with one hand, holds the heel with the other hand, presses the thumb on the injured area, pulls downwards slightly with both hands, and performs slight inversion and eversion at the same time. The time is 1 to 3 minutes.

(4) Parents hold the heel with one hand and the sole of the foot with the other hand, and use force at the same time. While stretching, extend the ankle joint as far as possible, and then do a circular motion. The time is 1 to 3 minutes.

(5) Parents use their thumb and the other four fingers to rub the child against each other, from top to bottom, repeatedly for 1 to 3 minutes, and then use the palms of both hands to press against each other. Rub the lower limbs horizontally for 1 minute.

Massage method two

1. Commonly used techniques

(1) The child lies on his back, and the parent gently rubs the injured area with the thenar eminence to dilute the heat.

(2) Use the pulp of your thumb to gently massage the injured area for 1 to 3 minutes.

(3) With the child in a sitting position, the parent holds the heel from the outside with one hand, presses the injured area of ??the ligament with the thumb, holds the plantar with the other hand, and shakes for 1 minute.

(4) Parents hold the foot with both hands, plantarflex the foot under the force of pulling and stretching, and then dorsiflexion while pressing the ligament injury area with the thumb inward and downward, as long as the child can tolerate it. degree, repeat this operation 5 to 8 times.

(5) Parents use palms of both hands relatively hard, from the knee joint down, and rub repeatedly to around the ankle joint. The degree is localized redness and heat. The time is 2 to 5 minutes.

Lifestyle Adjustment

(1) For those with severe ankle sprains, they should go to the hospital for X-ray examination to rule out fractures and dislocations. If a fracture is found, a doctor should be consulted immediately.

(2) In the acute stage of ankle sprain, the technique should be gentle and gentle to avoid aggravating the injury bleeding, and do not use hot compress.

(3) During the recovery period, the technique can be appropriately aggravated, and can be combined with local hot compresses, or external washing with Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and unblocking meridians, which can often achieve satisfactory results.

(4) Note that the damaged area should be protected from cold and warm.

(5) In the early stage of sprain, more severe cases should be immobilized and appropriately immobilized according to the condition. After 1 to 2 weeks, the immobilization should be released and functional exercises should be performed.

Under the action of external force, when a joint suddenly moves to one side and exceeds its normal range of motion, it causes tears in the soft tissues around the joint, such as joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, etc., which is called joint sprain. In mild cases, only part of the ligament fibers may be torn; in severe cases, the ligaments may be completely ruptured or the bone at the attachment of the ligaments and joint capsule may be avulsed, or even joint dislocation may occur. Joint sprains are the most common in daily life, with the ankle joint being the most common, followed by the knee joint and wrist joint.

1. Summary of anatomy, causes of injury and pathology

The ankle includes the ankle joint and the subtalar joint, which are load-bearing joints of the lower limbs. The former is composed of the lower end of the tibia and fibula and the upper part of the body of the talus, and the latter is composed of the lower part of the talus and the calcaneus. The lower ends of the tibia and fibula are connected by the medial and lateral malleolus and collateral ligaments, making the ankle joint quite stable. There are tough deltoid ligaments and anterior and posterior peroneotalar ligaments under the medial malleolus. These ligaments are relatively weak and function to limit the inversion movement of the foot. Excessive forceful varus or valgus activities, such as walking on uneven roads, being lost at high places, or landing unstable when running or jumping, can cause lateral or medial ligament damage, partial or complete rupture, or avulsion fractures. If treated improperly in the early stage, excessive laxity of the ligaments can cause ankle joint instability, easily lead to repeated sprains, and even articular cartilage damage, resulting in traumatic arthritis, which seriously affects walking function.

Lateral ligament rupture, medial ligament rupture, lateral ligament avulsion fracture, medial ligament avulsion fracture

2. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis

1. Lateral ligament injury

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Caused by strong inversion of the foot. Because the lateral malleolus is longer than the medial malleolus and the lateral ligaments are weak, the foot has greater inversion mobility. Clinically, lateral ligament injuries are more common. Partial tear of the lateral ligament is more common, and its clinical manifestations are pain, swelling, and walking limp on the lateral side of the ankle; sometimes subcutaneous blood stasis can be seen; tenderness at the lateral ligament; when the foot is turned inward, the pain at the lateral ligament is aggravated.

Complete rupture of the lateral ligament: less common, with more obvious local symptoms. Abnormal varus mobility may occur due to loss of lateral ligament control. Sometimes a small piece of bone along with the ligament of the lateral ankle is avulsed, which is called an avulsion fracture. When taking a radiograph in the varus position, the inclination of the mid-tibial joint surface far exceeds the normal range of 5-10°, and the joint space on the injured side widens. X-ray examination shows avulsion of bone fragments.

2. Medial ligament injury

It is caused by the eversion of the foot textile and occurs rarely. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of lateral ligament injury, but the location and direction are opposite. It manifests as pain, swelling, tenderness in the medial ligament, and when the foot is everted, pain in the medial ligament may occur, and avulsion fractures may also occur.

3. Treatment

For mild injuries to the medial ligaments of the ankle, fix them with tape and wrap them in overcorrected positions with bandages

If the injuries to the lateral ligaments are minor and the ankle joint is stable When the sex is normal, you can elevate the affected limb and apply cold compress in the early stage to relieve pain and reduce bleeding and swelling. After 2-3 days, physical therapy, sealing, and external application of substances to reduce swelling, relieve pain, and remove blood stasis can be used. Take appropriate rest, and pay attention to protecting the ankle (such as wearing high boots, etc.). If the injury is severe, 5-7 pieces of tape about 2.5 cm wide can be pasted on the lower 1/3 of the inner calf through the inner and outer ankles to the middle of the outer calf, and the tape should be wrapped with a bandage. Keep the foot in a valgus position and loosen the ligaments to facilitate healing, and fix it for about 3 weeks. For medial ligament injuries, the bandaging and fixation positions are reversed.

If the symptoms are severe, or the ligament is completely ruptured or there is an avulsion fracture, the affected foot needs to be fixed with a short-leg plaster boot to keep it in the "overcorrected" position for about 4-6 weeks. Rubber pads or other wear-resistant materials can be added to the bottom of the plaster boots to facilitate walking. If the ankle fracture is large and poorly reduced, open reduction and internal fixation should be performed.

Ankle ligament injury, severe, short-leg cast immobilization, rubber pad on the sole of the foot

Old lateral ligament rupture or repeated sprain causing excessive looseness of the lateral ligament causing joint instability , consider using the peroneus brevis tendon to reconstruct the lateral ligament.

After a joint sprain, it should be treated promptly. The principle is to immobilize and reduce swelling and blood stasis, so that the damaged tissue can be well repaired. If there is a lot of hemarthrosis, it should be removed in time under aseptic techniques to avoid subsequent intra-articular adhesions. Those with ligament rupture or avulsion fractures that affect joint stability require surgical reduction and repair to avoid repeated sprains, articular cartilage damage and traumatic arthritis.

How to treat ankle sprains

1. For mild ankle sprains, cold compress should be applied immediately after the sprain. to reduce the formation of hematoma. At the same time, drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can be applied externally. This will allow swelling to subside and pain to decrease. It usually takes 10-14 days to recover.

2. When the ankle joint is seriously injured and causes serious ligament damage, you should go to the hospital for treatment. At this time, use wide tape strips to secure it. The fixed time is generally 2-3 weeks.

3. For severe ankle sprains that cause ligament rupture or ankle subluxation, a plaster should be used to fix the injured foot in the 90o position and valgus position. It is usually fixed for 4-6 weeks, and the ankle joint is actively exercised after the cast is removed.

Self-diagnosis and treatment of ankle joint injuries

My friend accidentally sprained his ankle while going downstairs a few days ago. I would like to ask an expert how to self-diagnose and treat ankle joint injuries in daily life. ? Reader Liu Yaoming

Ankle joint injury is a common clinical condition. It is often caused by the sudden inversion or eversion or rotation of the foot when walking or running on uneven roads, or when going downhill or downstairs, resulting in gravity imbalance. To. In daily life, injured patients are accustomed to washing the affected area with hot water or hot towels, or rubbing the affected area with alcohol. Some people think it is a minor problem and insist on walking and working. This will not only worsen the symptoms, but also delay treatment. opportunity.

After an ankle joint injury, you should first self-judge whether it is a soft tissue sprain or fracture? Sprained patients will feel pain immediately after the injury, limited mobility, unable to walk or can barely walk, and the ankle joint will swell; if the ankle is swollen and painful after the injury, the tenderness of the inner and outer ankles is obvious, and bone fricative sounds can be heard, indicating that there is function Obstruction, or even deformity, is an ankle fracture.

In terms of treatment, people with sprains should avoid continuing to bear weight or work, and should use self-relaxing and muscle-regulating techniques. First, slowly pull and extend the ankle joint, and then do dorsiflexion, inversion and externalization after a while. Turn over, but avoid using local techniques to massage; if local swelling is obvious, you can soak a towel in cold water or put ice cubes in a plastic bag for external application. Change it once every 3 minutes for 30 minutes to shrink blood vessels, reduce local congestion, and reduce Tissue temperature plays a role in hemostasis, antipyretic and analgesia. For acute sprains, the sooner a cold compress is applied, the better. 24 hours after the sprain, it is advisable to use hot compress therapy. Soak a towel with warm water or hot vinegar and place it on the injured area for 30 minutes. 1 to 2 times a day can improve blood circulation. And lymphatic circulation, which is beneficial to the absorption of congestion and exudation in the injured area.

For those with fractures, they should immediately go to the orthopedics department of the hospital for examination and X-rays for diagnosis and correct treatment. Zhiliang, attending physician at the Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital

[Overview]

Ankle sprains are common, especially lateral collateral ligament injuries. Mostly caused by indirect external forces. If you step into a recess while walking and the ankle joint suddenly turns inward or adducted, the lateral collateral ligament can be damaged. In severe cases, it can be combined with ankle fracture. If treatment is not timely or thorough, sprains may occur repeatedly in the future, affecting joint function.

[Symptoms and Symptoms]

1. History of sudden inversion or eversion sprain of the foot.

2. If local pain, swelling, blood stasis, and tenderness cause the foot to turn to the healthy side, the pain on the affected side will be aggravated.

[Diagnostic basis]

1. There is an obvious history of sprain.

2. Local pain, swelling, tenderness, and limited activity.

3. X-rays show ankle subluxation or fractures.

[Treatment Principles]

1. Incomplete rupture requires local immobilization and symptomatic treatment.

2. Those with complete rupture, or combined with avulsion fracture or ankle subluxation, require early surgical treatment.

[Effectiveness Evaluation]

1. Cure: no pain, joint stability, complete or basic function recovery.

2. Improvement: There is mild swelling and pain during activities, the joints are stable, and the functions are basically restored.

3. Not healed: there is still swelling and pain, joint instability, and limited function.

[Expert Tips]

Ankle sprains, severe cases may be combined with fractures and ankle subluxations. At the same time, untimely or incomplete treatment of ligament injuries can lead to repeated sprains in the future. Therefore, if you have an ankle sprain, you should go to the hospital to see an orthopedic doctor for timely diagnosis and treatment and thorough treatment. To avoid missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, which will affect the treatment effect.

I heard that an ankle sprain can be as serious as a fracture, is that true?

In some cases, probably yes. A "sprain" usually refers to a pulled or torn ligament, and ankle injuries can be mild or severe, depending on which ligaments are damaged.

Injury to the ligament located on the anterolateral aspect of the ankle bone (anterior ankle ligament) is usually only a mild sprain. Symptoms include less severe pain, tenderness, and bruising, and the ankle joint can still flex. Treatment for mild sprains is relatively simple: apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling, then apply a bandage and rest for a few days if possible. Full recovery can take up to three weeks.

If a tear of the anterior ankle ligament is combined with damage to other ankle ligaments, it usually results in a severe sprain. The ankle joint bears body weight, and these ligaments provide essential stabilization.

In this case, the swelling and pain in the injured area are more severe, and there may be swelling and pain in the front and back of the ankle joint, making it very difficult to walk or do any activities of the ankle joint.

In fact, a severe sprain may be like a fracture, depriving the injured person of his ability to move, and the injured area often needs to be put on a plaster to facilitate recovery. It is important to begin a progressive exercise program immediately after the cast is removed, with stretching and exercises to restore range of motion. Finally, you should do strength-building exercises to restore joint flexibility and help prevent further injury.

Some people say they have a "wonky ankle", but what is going on?

That means the ligaments that connect the ankle bones are very susceptible to injury under pressure, usually due to previous ligament injuries that have not fully healed.

Wrapping the ankle joint with a bandage can help prevent further sprains; wearing shoes with a thicker heel can also help reduce the possibility of twisting the ankle joint and causing injury.

Acupuncture treatment of ankle sprains

During sports, the playing field is uneven, and the lateral ankle ligament is damaged due to a sudden loss of foot when walking with weight or walking down stairs or on a slope. After the ligament damage, local exudate stimulates the peripheral nerves. And causing pain and mobility impairment is called ankle joint injury. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that after an ankle joint is injured, swelling and pain occur due to blood leaving the meridians.

Most patients have a clear history of acute sprain and ankle pain?