The full name of Mers is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. MERS-CoV belongs to Coronaviridae, which is an RNA virus with envelope and linear non-segmented single-stranded positive-stranded genome. The virus particles are spherical with a diameter of 120- 160nm. The total length of genome is about 30kb. The genome similarity between MERS-CoV and SARS is 54.9%. MERS-CoV receptor is mainly distributed in deep respiratory tissues of human body, and its host range is very wide, which can be effectively replicated in many different host cells, including bat, pig and human cells, suggesting that the host range of the virus may be complex.
According to Professor Asiri's research and analysis of MERS cases in The Lancet magazine 20 13 (with 47 cases as samples):1), the average incubation period is 5.2 days, and 95% of patients have symptoms for about 12 days. 2) Relationship between demographic characteristics and mortality: Among the 47 MERS cases diagnosed in the laboratory, 46 were adults and 46 were children 1 case. There were 36 males (77%), and the ratio of male to female was 3.3: 1. There was no significant difference between male and female mortality (6 1% vs 55%). 28 cases died, the mortality rate was 60%, which increased with age. The mortality rate of people under 50 was 39%( 13/27), and that of people over 60 was 75%( 15/20).
Second, how to prevent MERS in daily life?
1, recommendations of WHO and China Health and Family Planning Commission
1) People who go to the Middle East should pay attention to personal hygiene and hand hygiene, try to avoid close contact with people with symptoms of respiratory infection, avoid contact with animals and their excreta, wash their hands with disposable paper towels, reduce contact with local people, pay attention to etiquette when coughing, and cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing.
2) If people entering from the Middle East have respiratory symptoms such as fever, runny nose, cough and sore throat, they should take the initiative to inform the frontier inspection and epidemic prevention personnel, and cooperate with them to accept quarantine and see a doctor in time. If you have fever or respiratory symptoms within 0/4 days after returning to China, you should wear a mask to seek medical treatment as soon as possible and avoid taking public transportation to the hospital. You should take the initiative to inform the medical staff of the recent travel history and local exposure history so as to get timely diagnosis and treatment.
2. Personal protection in daily life
1) Maintain good personal hygiene habits and environmental hygiene; Wash your hands frequently and avoid direct contact with your eyes, nose or mouth.
2) Try to avoid close contact with people with symptoms of respiratory infection (such as fever, cough, runny nose, etc.). ).
3) Pay attention to keep a balanced diet, get enough rest, keep in good health and avoid overwork during the trip.
4) Pay attention to food hygiene; When living or traveling, you should keep the air circulating indoors or in the car. Old people and people with basic diseases should pay special attention to their health.
5) Try to avoid going to animal breeding, slaughtering, raw meat products trading places and wildlife habitats; Avoid direct contact with animals and animal droppings.
6) It is recommended to wear a mask when going out; Try to avoid staying in crowded places for a long time, and of course, be targeted when choosing masks.
3. Some suggestions on the selection of MERS protective masks for He Lan mask laboratory.
1) Selection of protective masks for daily life
First, good quality medical masks
B, KN90 and KN95 masks
C, PM 1 mask and PM2.5 mask.
D Masks with poor preventive effect: single-layer and double-layer non-woven mask, fashionable printed cotton masks, inferior three-layer medical masks and cotton masks.
Selection of protective masks in MERS isolation area:
Wear isolation gown, protective mask and medical gloves, and choose N95 or N99 mask. Stay in the isolation area for no more than 1 hour, and it is better for ordinary people who have not undergone physical examination to wear this professional-grade mask for no more than 1 hour.