"Zhou Bin, whose courtesy name is Zhifu, was born in Ningde, Fujian Province (Jianning). He was recommended by the local government in Hongwuzhong and was awarded the professorship of Jianning Prefecture. At that time, the military revolution was just about to end, and Bin's reforms were abolished and cheated, and he strictly established dogma and became a professor. Xin Shixi. The county magistrate did not build his house for official matters, and said that it was all about politics and religion, not personal matters. When he arrived at the Bian Hall, he was appointed as an advisor. He paid homage to the Zijian of Zhongdu next year and made an appointment with him. He was convinced by all the students. The next year, he was summoned back and promoted to Zuo Changshi of the Prince of Qi. Ding was troubled and died of illness. "-"The General Chronicles of Fujian" by Huang Zhongzhao, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty

There is a "Guoshi Park" beside Dashi River in Yangzhong Town, Ningde, Fujian. According to local people, Zhou Bin, the national master. Related to the mysterious whereabouts of Zhu Yunwen, Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty

When Zhu Di's "Jingnan" army entered Nanjing, Emperor Jianwen disappeared from the world. As a result, tracking the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen became the first mystery of the Ming Empire.

So, where did Emperor Jianwen go? For 600 years, people have been looking for the mystery of Emperor Jianwen's final whereabouts.

However, local people in Ningde spread many legends about the Imperial Master Zhou Bin and Emperor Jianwen. In June 2012, General Yu Liufu was discovered in Zhongyang Village, Yangzhong Town, Ningde, Fujian, the hometown of Imperial Master Zhou Bin. The mausoleum of Emperor Jianwen (one of the 21 generals accompanying Emperor Jianwen) is even worse;

Also: In 2008, a large-scale mausoleum suspected to be Emperor Jianwen was discovered in "Shangjinbei", She Township, Ningde during road repairs

From Judging from historical data, Zhou Bin was an important civil servant from Ningde who had a close relationship with the royal family in the early Ming Dynasty. He became an advisor to the emperor in the middle of the Hongwu period, and later served as an instructor at the Zhongdu Imperial College, and finally served as the Zuo Changshi of the Prince of Qi's Palace, responsible for Things like official business of Prince Qi’s Mansion. Anyone who is familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty knows that in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang often asked Zhu Biao and other princes to go to Fengyang to study and exercise. Zhou Bin, who "judges importance by quality", must be familiar with the benevolent, weak and dignified Prince Zhu Biao. Emperor Jianwen grew up in the Ming Palace, and Zhou Bin also served as a palace consultant. It can be imagined that the two of them must be familiar with each other; both of them are gentlemen, and their relationship is definitely correct. As for whether they are teachers and students, it is not fully understood at present. Don't dare to judge based on the basis. But when Emperor Jianwen lost his country, Zhou Bin had already kept filial piety in his hometown in Ningde, and eventually died of illness in his hometown. (Source From: Ningde.com)

In 2011, 600-year-old lacquered gold palace paintings were discovered in the Zhou Clan Ancestral Hall in Wanshiyang Village, Luoyuan, Fuzhou (formerly under the jurisdiction of Ningde). The colors are still bright after 600 years. The gold powder painted is not ordinary imitation gold but real gold.

These five ancient paintings were preserved by the descendants of Emperor Jianwen’s teacher Zhou Bin. They were confirmed by cultural relics experts from the China Academy of Cultural Relics to be palace paintings. The characters in the portraits include Zhu Yuanzhang, Empress Ma, Emperor Jianwen Zhu Yunwen, and Teacher Zhou Bin.

According to Zhou’s descendants, these five paintings were originally hidden in a wooden box on the top floor of the Zhou ancestral hall. The ancestors of the Zhou family have passed down an ancestral motto from generation to generation: the wooden box must not be opened, otherwise the whole family will suffer disaster. The descendants of the Zhou family strictly adhered to the ancestral precepts until 2003, when Zhou Yucheng, a member of the Zhou family, opened the wooden box and found five ancient paintings. The paintings were wrapped in layers of oil paper and were very well preserved. But except for their ancestor Zhou Bin, they failed to recognize the other four.

In addition, according to people from the Zhou clan, they also have an ancestral motto: descendants cannot obtain academic fame. "Judging from the situation at the time, only the portrait of Emperor Jianwen Zhu Yunwen among the ancient paintings in the wooden box was contraband, and the others could be made public. The most regrettable thing is that there were originally text in the painting, but in the past 8 years, due to the contact with the ancient paintings, In the air, two of them have disintegrated into fragments. Although the colors are bright and the gold powder is clearly visible, the text is not clear. The other three ancient paintings are relatively well preserved. Although they are broken, the outline of the portrait is clear. (Source From: Southeast Express)

Related links

The first mystery in Ming history

After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, because the crown prince Zhu Biao died on the 25th day of Hongwu After his death in 1392 AD, the emperor's grandson Zhu Yunwen came to the throne, also known as Emperor Jianwen. However, soon after Emperor Jianwen came to the throne, King Zhu Di of Yan launched the "Jingnan Campaign". When Zhu Di invaded Nanjing, The palace was in flames, and the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen were unknown. Historians called it "the first mystery in the history of the Ming Dynasty"

The "Fujian Ningde Theory" of Emperor Jianwen's death in 600 years. , Ming history experts are struggling to trace the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen, and have formed dozens of theories such as the Yunnan theory, the Guizhou theory, the Qinghai theory, the overseas theory, etc. Among the various theories, the "Fujian Ningde theory" was the last to appear, but the more digging, the more There are more historical materials and physical evidence.

Ming Dynasty Yunjin Kasaya

Ningde Huayan Temple (Zhiti Temple) collects a Ming Dynasty Yunjin Kasaya. It has been identified that this cassock is from Yongle of Ming Dynasty. It was made before and is made of fifty pieces of fabric. The craftsmanship is very complicated. The totem-like eighteen five-clawed golden dragons designed around the cassock are all closed-mouthed dragons. They are a typical dragon shape in the early Ming Dynasty and are most likely from the early Ming Dynasty. It was ordered by Emperor Hongwu Zhu Yuanzhang, and the palace lantern-shaped decoration with the word "Fu Shou" embedded in the lower half of the cassock is Zhu Yuanzhang's exclusive symbol.

Experts believe that Zhu Yunwen carried this cassock with him when he fled. After leaving the palace, this cassock appeared in Huayan Temple in Ningde, which also proves that Zhu Yunwen once lived nearby, and also supports the mystery of the tomb of Emperor Jianwen in Shangjinbei Village.

Zhengqi Village, Jiaocheng District, Ningde

After expert research, the Zheng family in Zhengqi Village, Jiaocheng District was confirmed to be the descendant of Zheng Qia, one of the important deceased ministers of Emperor Jianwen. It is reported that Zheng Qia was one of the twenty-two deceased ministers of Emperor Jianwen. He followed Emperor Jianwen unswervingly, and finally died in a foreign country. In 2010, the Zheng family of Zhengyimen officially confirmed that the Zheng family of Zhengqicun was the descendant of Zheng Qia, the eighth ancestor of Yimen, and agreed that the Zheng family of Zhengqicun should recognize their ancestors and return to their clan. This provided a strong clue for the research of "Emperor Jianwen fled to Ningde".

Guo Mu Pavilion

A worship pavilion named "Guo Mu Pavilion" was discovered in Chenban Village, Shihou Township, Yangzhong Town, Jiaocheng District, Ningde. Experts believe that this is to commemorate the mother of Emperor Jianwen, Lu It was built later, and his mother may have been living in eastern Fujian after her exile. This provides another important evidence that the owner of the Shangjinbei tomb is Emperor Jianwen.

Long Live God Tablets

In recent years, archaeological experts have found six God Tablets around Ningde, all of which have the words "Long Live the Emperor" written on them. None of these six god tablets have dates, inscriptions, or imperial titles. Experts said that because "Emperor Jianwen" was an emperor in trouble, he had a special status and experience. The objects related to him were not engraved with dates, signatures, emperor titles, etc. The stupa in Jinbei, Ningde, was called "Emperor Jianwen's Mausoleum" by locals. The same is true for tombstones. Based on previous investigations, experts believe that the god tablet comes from the Ming Dynasty and is related to Emperor Jianwen.

Many folklores

After more than two years of visits and investigations, the Jianwen Emperor Research Team found that the villages and temples in the surrounding areas with Jinbei Jinbei Temple as the center in Jiaocheng District, Ningde City They all seem to have some connection with Emperor Jianwen. Located to the north of the ridge of Jinbei Village in Jinhan Township - "Xiaodenggang" Village in Shihou Township, it is said to be the place where Emperor Jianwen ascended the throne again after his death; to the west of Jinbei Village - Ruiji Temple, it is said that there were once garrisoned Thousands of monk soldiers who defended Emperor Jianwen fought bloody battles with Zhu Di's officers and soldiers who came to encircle and suppress him. They died in the battle and were all buried in nearby mountain ravines.