Text/Zhou Guohua
Author: Zhou Guohua
China Ornamental Stone 3
China Ornamental Stone 3
Lingering Garden is a Ming Dynasty garden, and its owner is Miss Xu Taishi of Taibu Temple in Wanli period. Xu Taishi is a loyal and honest man, but he was impeached and dismissed from office. In a fit of pique, he has since been "all outdoor affairs, which are beneficial to the garden". He built the East Garden and took over the West Garden. Dongyuan is the predecessor of Lingering Garden, and the plaque of "Dongyuan" can still be seen in Lingering Garden. Xiyuan was built into a Buddhist temple by its son and became today's Xiyuanzhuang Jiefa Temple.
Dongyuan was owned by Liu Shu, a native of Dongshan, Wuxian County, during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. Because the bamboo color in the garden is cool, Ming Che is full of waves, and white pines are planted, it was renamed Hanbizhuang, also known as "Huabu Xiaolou". During the Tongzhi period, Changzhou Shengkang was purchased, expanded and renovated, which was more beautiful than before. Because the owner of the former garden is surnamed Liu, it is commonly known as Liuyuan, which is an example of carnation imitation garden. Take its voice and change its nature, renamed it "afterlife." Yu Yue wrote "Stay in the Garden", calling it "the crown of Wu Ming Garden".
Lingering Garden is on the way to Lingering Garden, hence its name. The entrance to such a world-famous garden has only a narrow door, 2 meters high and 0/.5 meters wide. You can't see the garden when you enter the door, but you can see the spacious front hall. Go out to the right, turn left and turn right, pass a square yard, then go to the open hall facing the courtyard, turn into a narrow alley after opening the hall, and finally reach the passage behind the "Gumuduko" yard. This breath is long and tortuous, and the place where it passes is always bounded by high walls. Only by relying on a few leaky windows, I suddenly became enlightened when I entered the "ancient wooden intersection". The design of this part has always been praised by people. Each transition space has a different size, width, shadow and direction. Not only will it not make people feel monotonous, but it will also give birth to a strange situation, which is very suitable for gardening.
China Ornamental Stone 3
China Ornamental Stone 3
There used to be a cypress and a privet at the intersection of ancient trees, and the two trees were tightly intertwined, so they were called "Lilian Tree". Later, unfortunately, they died one after another and replanted Cooper, Nandianzhu and Camellia. After all, it is difficult to revive old ideas, leaving only such a name for people to remember. There are six leaky windows with the same size and different patterns on the wall of the North Corridor, which are rattan stem wishful pattern, sunflower pattern, begonia orchid pattern, cross-Sichuan turtle pattern, palace swastika pattern and hexagonal pattern in turn from west to east. They are exquisite and exquisite, which not only give full play to the basic function of leaky windows, but also give a glimpse of the mountain pool in the garden through the leaky holes, so that the winding promenade and the mountain pool in the garden are separated and changed, and visitors can see the garden or not.
China Ornamental Stone 3
China Ornamental Stone 3
Bypassing the "green shade" porch, the scene in front of me suddenly became cheerful. The name of "green shade" is taken from Gao Qi's sunflower poem in the Ming Dynasty: Zhu Guangli's hair is bright and surrounded by green shade. There is an ancient maple tree on the west side, named after its leaves cover the roof like a big umbrella when they grow. It is also a place to enjoy the spring scenery in the four seasons scenic spot in the park. The wisteria water gallery is lush with flowers and trees, and the spring is infinitely good.
The porch is rectangular, with a carved partition of begonia in the middle and an aisle behind it. What does this mean? It turns out that the old name of Liuyuan area is "flower port", which means "port", and "flower port" is the dock for loading and unloading flowers and trees. The host means that our garden is just a small building inside Chinatown-it's really modest.
In front is Mingsi Building, which is taken from Zhu's Mingsi Building, Fish and Birds. There is a plaque downstairs, "Just sailing", which should be a sentence of Du Fu's "Wild sailing is only two or three personal influence". There are artists performing pingtan here, and their songs are soft and charming. Close your eyes and listen carefully, which is a bit like "I don't know if I am a guest in my dream". The front of the porch is a good viewing frame: the upper part of the porch hangs down, and the beauty on the sill of the lower part leans against the pillars on both sides, forming a beautiful dark picture frame, similar to the "Furong Pavilion" in the Humble Administrator's Garden. The pavilions and flower trees standing on the opposite mountain are overlooking; The middle scene is the "Little Penglai" island, with curved bridge railings, wisteria frames and natural and elegant pictures. In Wang Nan's yard, there is a pile of stones "ladder" hovering upward. The name makes the hard rock tremble, which is wonderful. Overlooking the pebbles, there are goldfish, lotus roots and cranes-hence the name "Flower Street".
Looking back at Hanbi Mountain House from the west, Zhu wrote: "One side of the water is Hanbi Mountain, and thousands of forests are dyed red." A few words, colorful. From Hanbi Building, there must be a viewing platform in front of the house, which can have a panoramic view of the central part of the garden. The northwest is a climbing corridor; There is a pool of clear water in the north; On the opposite side, Keting stands on a rockery, on the small Penglai Island, with picturesque winding bridges and spreading wisteria branches, covering Quxi Building, West Building and Qingfengchi Pavilion ... The scenery on three sides is not only very different, but also deepened through the comparison of different spatial distances. In summer, the pool is full of lotus flowers, which are beautiful, so it is also the best place to enjoy the summer scenery.
To move forward, you must take the balcony again. The 700-meter-long Lingering Gallery runs through all the scenic spots in the park, and each part has its own characteristics: the middle part twists and turns along the rock and meets the cloud wall, which is quite steep until the Wenmu Xiangxuan moves down, requiring two steps. This is the need of the terrain, but it also increases the fun of the garden; In the east, the veranda surrounds all the scenic spots in the hall, passing through a line to divide buildings, peaks and trees into small garden spaces with different sizes and distinctive features. Another feature of Lingering Garden is the calligraphy stone embedded in the corridor wall, with 359 pieces of * * *, which is called "Lingering Garden Fa Tie". Since Jin, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Southern Dynasties, there have been calligraphy, which is spectacular and is the crown of Jiangnan Garden. Among them, the famous post of two kings was carved by Dong Hance, a native of Songling, Wujiang, during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, which lasted for 25 years.
The name "Wenmu Xiangxuan" is very clever. The name of osmanthus fragrans is its scientific name. Of course, there are osmanthus flowers all around. To say that it is smart is to use its scientific name and elegance. There is also a scenic spot with the theme of osmanthus in Yiyuan-"Jinsuge", which is dominated by the prosperous form of osmanthus, while "Smelling osmanthus fragrance" highlights the fragrance of osmanthus in autumn. It is said that there is another allusion. "Luohu Wild Record" said that Huang Luzhi was playing with monks in grey soup. At this time, Xia Han is chilly, and Chou-heung is overflowing. Hui Tang said, "I have no privacy. Do you smell sweet-scented osmanthus? " Huang Gong replied, "I smell it." Huitang said, "Does it smell good?" Huang Gong was suddenly enlightened. Needless to say, this is the best place to see autumn scenery. There is a mountain road in front of the porch to reach the pavilion in the garden, surrounded by plum blossoms, which can enjoy the winter scenery; To the northeast is the Cui Yuan Pavilion. Keting echoes the "Minse Building" and Hanbi Mountain House on the other side, which is a good place for rest and sightseeing.
There is an island "Little Penglai" and a square pavilion named "Haopu Pavilion" opposite the water gallery of Cui Yuan Pavilion, which is specially designed for fish watching. Further on, it is Quxi Building. To commemorate Qushui, Wang Xizhi wrote Preface to Lanting Collection, which is the first running script in the world, showing the gardener's admiration for the book sage. On the right of Quxi Building is the West Building, followed by Qingfengchi Pavilion and Jigu Pavilion. This means that you need a long rope to pump water in a deep well. The simple truth tells the profound meaning of learning.
China Ornamental Stone 3
The pavilion of Qingfengchi is Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion, and the tablet of Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion was written by Wu Dazhi, a famous epigraphist in Qing Dynasty. Because all the beam-column furniture is made of nanmu, it is commonly known as Nanmu Hall, which is the largest building in Suzhou garden and one of the three treasures in the garden. It is a mandarin duck hall, spacious and magnificent, with carved beams and painted buildings inside, resplendent, exquisite and elegant, which embodies the beauty of neatness and symmetry, and is worthy of being a masterpiece of classical hall architecture. It also has ingenious differences on the beam frame. The men's pavilion is square and the women's pavilion is round. The leaking window in the middle was inlaid with two colored glasses, which were rare at that time, so the owner cherished them very much. Here hangs the famous couplet of Lu Runxiang, the champion of the Qing Dynasty:
Reading is correct, reading is changeable, reading is quiet, reading is profound, reading Chinese is firm, and the years in the book are the most interesting. Take chrysanthemum as wild, plum as sparse, lotus as clean, orchid as fragrant and begonia as rhyme, and you will definitely call yourself a fairy among flowers.
He compared five famous books with five famous flowers, including Confucius, Xunzi, Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming who picked chrysanthemums in Dongli, Mei's wife, and Zhou Dunyi who was self-purifying. This is really a good couple. There is a large marble circular screen in the museum, which was shot from southern Yunnan. It's a black-and-white ink painting with mixed yin and yang. I don't know what the sky-high price will be if I participate in the Jianbao project. Before and after the pavilion, there are independent courtyards, and the stone in the vestibule lake is rugged, on which wisteria is in full bloom; The backyard is surrounded by winding corridors, with spaced flower walls and leaking windows. "Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion" is magnificent, but there are rocks and wild interests outside the garden, which just forms a contrast and embodies the Taoist thought of "carving, returning to simplicity".
China Ornamental Stone 3
China Ornamental Stone 3
The crane tower, the peak pavilion and the reading room on the east side of the main hall form a group of gardens, which serve as the transition between the central and eastern parts and are the places where the host prepares meals and takes a nap when entertaining guests. The crane has two very famous flower windows, which are slim and ethereal and well-proportioned, revealing the green plantains in the courtyard. Feng Xuan was originally the master's study. The width of two and a half rooms and the volume of space decreased in turn, giving people a sense of rhythm. A few pruning poles are planted outside, reflecting the stone peaks, which is a good picture of bamboo and stone in Banqiao.
To the east is "Linquantang", which means a gathering place of respected celebrities. This is also the Yuanyang Hall. Compared with Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion, it has a smaller space and the opposite direction, but it also faces the lake stone. It is a masterpiece of classical hall architecture. The above two museums are also called "double musts". The layout also took the garden owner a lot of thought: the two halls, whether row by row or left and right, were somewhat dull, so they adopted a pattern of southeast by northwest, echoing each other alternately. Its ground cover is a large circular mask, which takes the form of two concentric circles inside and outside. The round frame is strong, the pattern is slender and dense, and it is curled and coiled, forming a complex and dense artistic style.
As Yuan Ye Doors and Windows said, "Weishi welcomes guests, and there is a pot of heaven and earth." Outside the museum, the misty mountain peaks came face to face. It is the essence of staying in the garden and the crown of Taihu stone. There are four words to comment on Taihu Stone: thin, leaky, transparent and wrinkled, and the peak of the cloud can be described as the most beautiful place. To read Cloud Peak, we should look at it from the top, middle and bottom three paragraphs. The upper part turns around, and there is a big hole in the east, so that the whole peak stone runs through and the whole body is spiritual; The west is rugged, shaped like a parrot's protruding mouth and a tiger's big mouth. And there are oblique folds around it, which are slightly intricate, even and without crossing, which is extremely rare in lake rocks. The whole upper part is clear and ethereal. A large area of layers in the middle is embedded in the air, and two or three places pass through the eyes and turn around. The cave is steep and steep, deep and quiet, giving people a mysterious and illusory feeling; The upper part is east, the middle part is west, and the whole stone in the lower part returns to the balance of gravity and twists to the east greatly. There is a hole in front, and there are several small holes and whirlpools beside it. What is valuable is that it is hidden, with an axe on it, showing a profound beauty.
The whole peak of the cloud is criss-crossed and unique in shape. It is said to be the remains of Huashigang in the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, it was called Guanyin Peak, and Ruiyunfeng and Xiuyunfeng stood on both sides, collectively known as "Liuyuan Three Peaks". After the peak of Ruiyun, he moved into the palace of Zhifu.
When it comes to the Taihu stone in the garden, we have to talk about the hobby of the garden owner. Anyone who is familiar with staying in the garden knows that staying in the garden wins by appreciating stones. The owner of the garden is born with stones, and the collection of strange stones is a grand event of the Twelve Peaks. There is also a saying that marriage is accompanied by stones. The Twelve Peaks of the Stone are Su Kui, Jade Girl, Ruomao, Qingzhi, Leisu, Yi Yun, silver moon, Macaque, Jiguan, Xiu Xiu, Zhang Xian and Gan Xiao, all with heavy names.
In front of the cloud peak, there is a "Huan Yun Marsh", which has been reshaped by rules to reflect the curvaceous beauty of the cloud peak. Similarly, it can be proved that the door frame and window frame of Lin Shuo Pavilion are composed of straight lines and right angles. The cloud cover peak in the reflection is getting more and more beautiful, which reminds people that China's classic beauty image is "beauty in the mirror".
The central axis to the east is the "Dongshan Silk Bamboo"-the famous temple of nymphs-Huanyunfen-Yundingfeng-Guanyunlou, forming a garden centered on Yundingfeng. The third unique "fish fossil" in the park is on the indoor wall of Guanyun Building.
The "other village" in the north is full of peaches, plums, apricots, plums and bamboo groves, noisy spring flowers, green bamboo pruning and grapes, just like Shan Ye village in the south of the Yangtze River. The west is dominated by rockeries, with a maple forest, music pavilions and Shu Xiaoting as the finishing touch.
As a whole, staying in the park can be divided into four scenic spots: China, East, West and North. The central part is famous for its mountains and rivers; The east is dominated by courtyard buildings; The west is secluded and full of mountains; There is an idyllic flavor in the north.
Hundreds of years have passed, and after vicissitudes, staying in the park has finally realized the wish of "staying between heaven and earth"!
China Ornamental Stone 3