1. Morphological characteristics of witch hazel
Deciduous shrub or small tree with bare buds and stems. Leaves alternate, broadly obovate, 8- 1 cm long, asymmetrical, sharp at the top, obliquely heart-shaped at the base, wavy serrated at the edge, slightly rough surface and dense hairs on the back. Stipules fall big and early. The flowers are golden yellow and fragrant. Every 4 15 flowers gather into a short spike, axillary, with long and narrow petals, 1.2-2 cm long, bent and shriveled, and reddish at the base. They bloom from 65438+February to March of the following year. Zucchini is ovoid, long 1.2 cm, and mature in 9- 10 month.
Second, the growth habits of witch hazel
Warm-soil tree species that like light but don't like shade usually live in warm and humid hillside forests rich in humus. They grow well in the introduced plains and can adapt to acidic and neutral soils, but attention should be paid to drainage. Strong cold tolerance, but afraid of heat. Therefore, witch hazel is mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangxi and other provinces, among which, it is widely planted in cities south of the Yangtze River basin.
Third, the planting method of witch hazel
1. Propagation method: sowing or layering propagation. Seeds should be collected in June 5438+10. After collecting seeds, cover them and expose them to the sun to prevent them from escaping. Sow immediately after harvest, or store in the sand until the next spring sowing. Spring sowing should be earlier, if it is later than March, it will germinate and be unearthed in the second year, usually in late April. At the seedling stage, it is necessary to build a shed to keep the soil moist. Stop shading in the middle and late September. Leave the bed for one year, and in the spring of the third year, you can change the bed, plant separately, and cultivate big seedlings. In spring and autumn, layering can be carried out, the lower branches are cut under the nodes and buried underground, covered with 7-8 cm thick soil, and then fixed with bamboo sticks, with the top facing upwards. After layering, the soil should be kept moist and can be separated from the mother plant after rooting.
2. Transplanting: Hamamelis should be transplanted in June at 5438+00- 1 1. Small and medium-sized seedlings should carry soil, and big seedlings should carry soil balls.
3. Management and maintenance: The suitable pruning time of witch hazel is rainy season, and the tree height should be kept below 2 meters during plastic pruning. After flowering, it is best to prune it until it germinates. The flower buds differentiated about 7 days after pruning. After September, messy branches can be pruned to facilitate the development of normal branches. The clumps should be cut off from the base.
4. Pests and diseases: The diseases include leaf spot and anthracnose, and 600 times of 65% zineb wettable powder can be sprayed. The main pests of witch hazel are giant salamander and thorn moth. Treatment method: lure and kill adults with light, and spray larvae with trichlorfon solution. In addition, stickleback moth and leaf roller moth are more harmful, which can be sprayed 2000 times with 10% permethrin EC. In addition, we should also prevent the harm of red spider during the drought and high temperature.
Ok, the cultivation method of witch hazel is enough. Witch hazel, as a deciduous shrub, has good ornamental value, and is more suitable for planting in the courtyard or beside streams, Chi Pan and pavilions.