I. Characteristics
Lonicera japonica likes light, has strong adaptability, cold tolerance, salt tolerance, drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance, and can be planted in wasteland, sloping land, ditch land and in front of and behind houses.
Second, raise seedlings.
At the end of July and the beginning of August every year, 1-2-year-old branches which are robust and free from pests and diseases are selected, cut into 30 cm long for cutting seedling, and a ditch is dug every 35 cm, with a depth of 20 cm. Branches are obliquely inserted in the ditch with a spacing of 3-5 cm, and the upper part is exposed. After cutting, water them in time, and keep the soil moist often. They can take root and sprout in about one month, and can be planted in the ground in the next spring.
Third, planting
Generally, the row spacing is 2cm, the plant spacing is 1.5m, and 222 plants are planted per mu. It can also be planted according to the row spacing of 1m and the plant spacing of 75cm, and the alternate plants will be moved out after the growth.
Fourth, pruning
1, seedling pruning method
After planting, 1-2 young trees are mainly shaped. Aft that new branches germinate in spr, thick and upright branches are selected as the main stems for culture, when the branches are 25 cm long, the core is picked to promote the development of the lateral branches, and the lower branches are cut off in time after the lateral branches germinate, so that the main stems are thickened year by year by thinning the lower lateral branches; Select 4-5 upright branches that grow vigorously on the trunk as the main branches, sparse the long branches and weak branches in the trunk, and cut off other branches after the picking period to promote flowering. It takes 2-3 years to form, and the average height of the tree is about 1.5 meters, which is suitable for picking.
2. Pruning method in full bloom stage
After three years of planting, it entered its full bloom stage. At this time, it is mainly to produce flowers, supplemented by cultivating trunk, main branch and crown expansion. Trim it three times a year in general/kloc-0.
① First pruning: the first pruning period is from winter to early spring of the following year. This pruning should be "pruning, thinning branches". Pruning should be light and not heavy. Cut off 1/3 of the length of flower branches, and cut off dead branches, pests and diseases and excessive branches. After sprouting in spring, the overgrown branches and buds in the lower and inner parts should be removed in time, and coring should be carried out before Qingming. The first crop of flowers generally accounts for about 40% of the annual output.
② Secondary pruning: The secondary pruning period is in mid-June, when the picking of the first crop of flowers is basically completed. Pruning should be "clear the hall, remove the weak and keep the strong, shade the sun, ventilate and transmit light". Because of the lack of rain before wheat, the tree is weak, so it should be trimmed properly, and the old flower branches should be cut off by 65,438+0/2, and the weak branches in the lower part and the inner hall should be thinned.
(3) The third pruning should be carried out after picking the second crop of flowers in the middle and late July. At this time, it is the most vigorous growth period, with high temperature and high humidity. Pruning should be fine, all flower branches should be cut, new buds should be left, and shady branches, weak branches in the inner hall and long branches should be sparse. Tall trees are sparse, short trees are sparse. If the crown of the tree is closed, the pruning method of large branch retraction or drainage should be adopted to make it ventilated and transparent.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) fertilization
Apply base fertilizer in strip ditches or pits after autumn every year. When laying a ditch, dig one side of the tree every year. The ditch is 30-50 cm deep and 30 cm wide. Mix base fertilizer with topsoil and apply it to the bottom layer. According to the size of the tree, applying 20-30 kilograms of organic fertilizer and proper amount of calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate to each tree can solidify the soil, increase the organic matter content, guide the root system to grow downwards and improve the cold resistance. Apply nitrogen fertilizer once a year in early spring and after picking flowers, and water it in time after topdressing.
Six, pest control
The main pests and diseases of honeysuckle are aphid, cotton bollworm, bean moth, anthracnose and powdery mildew. Aphid pests are serious in spring, and cotton bollworm and bean moth are serious in autumn. Low-toxic pesticides, such as abamectin, are mainly used for prevention and control. Spray pesticides once every 7- 10 days, 2-3 times in total, and stop using them half a month before picking. Anthracnose and powdery mildew mostly occur in rainy season, and can be controlled by carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, and sprayed once every seven days for three times.
Seven, selection and processing
1, pick up the goods
Timely picking honeysuckle is an important link to improve yield and quality. The yield of premature picking is low, and the quality of flowers after flowering is poor. The upper part of the flower is bluish white, but it is most suitable for picking when it is not open.
Step 2 deal with
(1) drying, after picking flowers, spread them on the drying tray for drying. When there is no wind at noon and the temperature is too high, the drying trays should be piled up and continue to dry after 3 pm. Pile them up and cover them at night to prevent the tide from rising.
(2) Drying: after the flowers are picked, they are spread on a drying tray and put into a curing barn. On the first day, the indoor temperature was kept at 40℃, then gradually increased to about 60℃ until it was dry, and the curing barn was often ventilated to dissipate moisture. In the process of drying, don't turn it over until it is 70% to 80% dry, otherwise the flowers will turn black and affect the quality.