Pruning method of black pine bonsai
1. pruning method. Adventitious buds can germinate at the base of needles that grew the year before and last year. Cut off the branches at the right time, and leave 2 stitches at the place to sprout. Pull out the remaining needles, and the remaining needles will sprout adventitious buds soon. Pruning should be done early the year before last, and late last year. Pruning can be done at any time during the growing period. If you need to sprout on the branches of the previous year, cut off some branches of the previous year (as shown in the figure), and if you need to sprout on the branches of the previous year, cut off some branches of the previous year.
2. The method of breaking bud milk. In spring, the bud milk of Pinus thunbergii elongates, and cutting off the nipple of bud to reduce new needles can inhibit its growth. Cut more strong bud milk and less weak bud milk. The base of the male bud milk is a granular male flower, which does not have long needles. Should it be cut inappropriately? To ensure that a large number of new leaves can grow in the future. General dominant female buds cut 2/3. Male bud cut is1/2; Female bud cutting 1/2, male bud cutting 1/3 and male bud cutting1/4; Weak buds are not cut and allowed to grow. The cut buds should be cut flat with a sharp knife, and the incision is easy to heal. The bud milk left after cutting will gradually grow new leaves. When the base of new leaves is not firm, carefully pull out the needles, leaving 3-4 bundles of strong bud leaves, 5-6 bundles of medium bud leaves and 7-8 bundles of weak bud leaves to further control the growth of new branches.
3. Pruning method of new branches in that year. In midsummer, the cut bud milk has grown new branches, and the remaining new leaves have also grown strong leaves. All new branches were cut from 1-2mm above the base. After about 20 days, adventitious buds will sprout at the incision, which is called secondary buds. Cutting work should be weak first and then strong, and it should be carried out in stages, so that weak branches sprout first to promote the basic synchronous growth of secondary buds. Secondary buds will germinate 2-5 at the same time. Generally, two buds will be left, and the rest will be picked in time. When the needles of the secondary buds have grown into strong leaves, the old leaves should be removed, and the growth of the secondary buds should be judged again before winter to remove the needles, with 3-4 bundles of strong buds, 5-6 bundles of medium buds and 7-8 bundles of weak buds.
4. Treatment methods of weak branches. Small and weak technology often has only one terminal bud, and it can't be cut and let it grow naturally. Of course, it is also possible to produce a strong bud in the coming year. If you want to control the growth, you can pull out some needles at any time, or cut the new leaves of that year short according to the length of the other two buds.
Matters needing attention in pruning black pine bonsai
1. Black pine with pruning and node buds must grow vigorously. It is only in the third year after survival that it can be determined whether it can be carried out according to specific conditions.
2. The above operations, such as cutting old branches, cutting buds, pulling needles, cutting new branches and selecting secondary buds, must be carried out in the same year according to procedures, otherwise the purpose of restraining potential, shaping and keeping shape will not be achieved. Although there are few needles left all the year round, the ventilation is greatly improved, and it can fully receive light, which is beneficial to growth and will not affect survival, but it will weaken growth, so it cannot be carried out every year, at least every other year.
3. Pruning and cutting buds should be done when the weather is fine, so as to prevent incision pollution, affect survival or fail to achieve the expected purpose.
4. When cutting old branches, whether it is the branches of the year before or last year, needles with good growth must be left, and leafless branches cannot germinate adventitious buds.
5. For black pine with pruning and bud cutting, fertilization should be reduced. Generally, thin organic fertilizer should be applied once before cutting milk buds in mid-March, and once in early June when the secondary buds grow healthily at 5438+ 10.
After pruning and bud cutting, black pine, adventitious buds and secondary buds have grown winter buds in autumn. After sprouting in the spring of the following year and the new branches and leaves are flourishing, all the old leaves can be pulled out at any time because of ornamental needs. At that time, the tree was compact and vivid, and the dignified and neat branches and leaves were green and full of vitality.
Production management method of black pine bonsai
Black pine is a traditional bonsai tree species in China. It is majestic, straight and masculine, and is called' Manson'. Corresponding to it is Pinus densiflora, the bark is grayish brown or reddish brown, the needles are softer than Pinus densiflora, and the tree posture is charming, so some people call it' Woman Pine', and its bonsai making method and management are the same as that of Pinus densiflora.
Seeding method is commonly used in the propagation of black pine, but it takes a long time to make bonsai by this method. Therefore, plants with thicker trunks and branches at the lower part of green seedlings can be selected and cultivated into bonsai piles after being cut off. It can be excavated in the dormant period from winter to early spring before germination. When transplanting, cut off the main roots, leave more lateral roots and fibrous roots, cover the roots with soil or soil with original soil, and preserve the pine root bacteria, which is beneficial to survival. Finally, the roots are wrapped in plastic bags or straw ropes to keep them fresh and moist. Also cut the roots, stems and branches short, and cut off the branches that are not needed for modeling. Before cutting them short, you should check them carefully and try to get them in place at once. There must be pine needles on the branches you leave, otherwise there will be a phenomenon that which one has no pine needles and which one is dead, and the whole plant has no pine needles and the whole plant is dead. Apply white latex to large wounds to prevent the loss of tree juice. Plant it in a big pottery pot first, and then trim it carefully before planting to minimize the elongation range of the village crown and roots. We should also consider what kind of bonsai this material is suitable for, so as to prepare for future modeling. Pot soil can be mixed with humus soil or mountain sediment. After survival, put it in a sunny and well-ventilated place for maintenance, and keep the basin soil dry at ordinary times. After about 2 years of' green cultivation', you can finalize the design.
The young branches and stems of Pinus thunbergii are soft and plastic, and can be rolled into many different styles of bonsai according to their characteristics, such as bent dry type, inclined dry type, water-facing type, cliff type and stone-attached type. According to the shape of the stump, the old pile is guided by the situation and shaped by the material. By combining pruning and rolling, the natural and beautiful bonsai is made. No matter what form the black pine bonsai takes, it should take Gu Song in nature as the background and refer to the pine trees in the painting, which not only conforms to the laws of nature, but also has high artistry. The modeling of black pine bonsai can be carried out from June 5438 to March when the sap flow is slow. At this time, there is basically no rosin overflowing from the wound of the branch, which has little effect on its growth. The germination ability of black pine is weak, so the original branches and stems should be used for hanging modeling, the redundant branches, stems and roots should be shrunk and cut, and their growth direction should be adjusted. The upward growing branches should be adjusted to be flat or drooping. In addition to direct-drying bonsai, other forms of bonsai should avoid rigid lines on trunks, branches and roots, so as to achieve both rigidity and flexibility. The root system of Pinus thunbergii is developed, which can be heightened according to the needs of modeling to show its ancient charm.
Black pine likes sunny and ventilated environment, which is cold-resistant, cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Usually, it can be placed in an outdoor place with sufficient light and good ventilation for maintenance. As the saying goes,' dry pine wets cypress', so it is advisable to keep the pot soil dry, not watering it, but watering it thoroughly to avoid water accumulation, especially when the leaves sprout and grow in spring, and pay more attention to preventing the leaves from growing white. When the temperature is high and the air is dry in summer and early autumn, the soil should be kept moist to avoid watering the leaves. You can also spray water on the blades in the morning and evening to increase the air humidity and make the blades beautiful. However, attention should still be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season to avoid root rot due to accumulated water in the basin.
Black pine is barren and does not like big fat. Fertilizing several times a year in spring, summer and autumn can meet the growth needs, and fertilizing lightly in spring. If the fertilizer solution is too thick, it will cause the branches and leaves to grow too vigorously and affect the shape. Autumn is the season of pine bud growth and branch thickening, so you can apply pancake fertilizer several times to make it grow sturdily.
The germination of black pine is not so strong, so it is not appropriate to prune it too much. But in order to keep the trees beautiful, buds can be picked from March to April every year. The method is that when the buds of Pinus thunbergii gradually swell and turn green and are about to leave, the bud length is 1/2 ~ 2/3 or even more. Picking buds must be comprehensive, picking strong buds first, then picking weak buds, so as to balance the tree potential and make branches or leaves.
The needles of black pine are longer. In order to make them shorter, in addition to controlling water and fertilizer during the growth of new leaves in spring, the Japanese bonsai conference also created a' short-leaf method', including cutting tender branches, thinning buds and picking old leaves. Gymnastics is like this: all the new branches that grew in that year are cut off in July-August, and a second round of new buds will grow on the branches in August-September, because plants have the ability to recover themselves and find balance. Later, with the gradual cooling of the climate, the growth of new buds and leaves was inhibited. The remaining old leaves were cut off from June 165438+ 10 to June 65438+February, so the plants left short needles for the second round of growth, which is the best viewing period of the black pine bonsai.
Move to a cold room in winter, and don't let the soil freeze. If the temperature is too high, it will be unfavorable for the growth of the next year. You can also bury the pot in the outdoor shelter from the wind and the sun for the winter. Turn over the pot two to three years before spring planting. When turning the pan, remove the original soil from 1/3 to 1/2 and add some new soil. Pot soil should be loose, breathable and well drained.
Planting method of black pine bonsai
First, blank selection
Although the materials of masson pine bonsai can be cultivated from an early age, it takes a long time to make a fine bonsai. When conditions permit, it is mainly to dig old piles in Shan Ye. Those old piles that have been cut down by woodcutters all the year round or destroyed by harsh environment, with short, thick, Gu Zhuo, twisted, intertwined and leafy trees, cannot be used as good blanks for making bonsai. We should focus on the trunks that are dwarfed and ancient and can be naturally enriched and sorted out. It is best to have ready-made dowry branches, or pile heads with reasonable branches, compact buds, choices and promising planting prospects. Then choose the pile head with more coordinated root disc, more lateral roots, flat extension and easy survival. In Shan Ye, it is necessary to minimize the impact on environmental protection, and take some measures, such as replanting seedlings, to oppose the indiscriminate digging like the "three lights" policy.
Second, dig
Although the excavation time of Pinus massoniana varies from region to region, the difference will not be too great. Generally speaking, the dormancy period should start from Gregorian calendar 10 to1,avoiding the rainy season from the end of February to March, because Pinus massoniana likes to be dry and afraid of being wet, and it is difficult to dig in rainy days. Second, the soil is too wet and the roots are airtight, which is unfavorable.
Several aspects that should be paid attention to in the excavation of masson pine. First, the branches and leaves should be trimmed moderately. Prune branches and leaves vigorously before excavation, but it must conform to the growth intensity and the size of roots. Too many branches and leaves will wither due to insufficient water supply to the roots, and too little will suffocate the roots due to insufficient photosynthesis. At the same time, we should consider the shape they adapt to. Some branches that need to be preserved or thickened should be cut as little as possible or not, and some dead branches should not be cut easily.
Second, when digging, in addition to the main root is too long and must be cut short, it is necessary to keep more lateral roots, especially begging roots the size of chopsticks heads, so that it is easy to break ground and create new roots to promote its survival. All broken roots must be cut flat, and rotten roots should be removed. Third, bring a good ball when digging. The size of the ball depends on the size of the pile head, the distribution of fibrous roots and transportation conditions. Unless there is no taproot or soil relationship, it is difficult to hit the ball. If possible, try to bring it as big as possible, ensure survival first, then cut it and put it in a pot.
After the lump is dug out, it should be tied with tape or straw rope to ensure that it will not be scattered during transportation and loading. Unity is the key to survival. Four, after the pile head is dug, it is necessary to shade it properly and spray water on the branches and leaves to reduce the detention time. If it can be shipped back as soon as possible, it should be planted for more than one year. If it is not suitable for ground planting, it can be cultivated in wooden boxes or ceramic plates. The soil used can be mixed with river sand, fly ash and yellow loam, which can not only loosen water and keep moisture, but also be used in other loose soils to avoid being sticky and alkaline. The straw rope tied to the ball should be removed to prevent the fermentation from burning to the roots.
After cultivating the soil, stick bamboo sticks around it, and then fully irrigate it to make the soil moist and stick to the roots. After a week, just spray water on the branches and leaves, without watering or shading with sugar cane. Unless the temperature exceeds 30℃, it cannot be covered with film, as long as the soil is kept moist (dry). If the soil is too wet or even waterlogged, the survival rate is very low. If the soil is wet due to high air humidity, dry soil can be added to the surface to absorb water, and the stone should be covered with film in rainy days to prevent water accumulation. If the whole process is well grasped, the general survival rate can reach more than 70%.