Problem description:

50 points for the first one.

Analysis:

chrysanthemum

camellia chrysantha

Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower in China. Beautiful, but I don't flatter you with its exquisite beauty.

However, it wins with grace and firmness, and blooms after the flowers wither. People like its beauty.

Charm, I love it more. First frost is in full bloom, but the west wind has not fallen. China gave it to me.

Noble and strong sentiment, as a symbol of national spirit, is regarded as the essence of the nation and is deeply loved by people.

As the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by poets. The ancients especially loved to be famous for chrysanthemums.

This is comparable to a person's noble sentiment and perseverance.

People in China like chrysanthemums very much. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been an annual Chrysanthemum Festival among the people.

In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemum was endowed with the meaning of good luck and longevity. Like chrysanthemums and

Magpie combination means "family happiness"; Chrysanthemum and pine trees combine to form "Yishouyan"

Year "and so on. , is widely used in the folk.

chrysanthemum

(chrysanthemum)

Chrysanthemum, alias Qiuju and Chrysanthemum, belongs to Compositae and Chrysanthemum.

Morphological characteristics:

Perennial perennial herb, plant height 60- 150cm. The stem is divided into two parts: aboveground stem and underground stem: the aboveground stem is erect or semi-tendril, round or prismatic, pubescent, and the base is slightly hardened; Underground stems are rhizome stems with nodes, which take root between nodes. Underground stems grow out of the earth's surface, spreading leaves into new seedlings, which are called "foot buds". Simple leaves alternate, stipules persist or degenerate, petioles are grooved, leaves are round to oblong, shallowly or deeply split, and often form bicuspid, with serrated edges, sharp blade tips and wedge-shaped leaf bases. Flowers are heads, which are inserted at the top of stems or between leaf axils; There are tongue-shaped drugs around the flowers, commonly known as petals, which are large and beautiful, and the stamens degenerate into female flowers; The center of the inflorescence is a tubular flower, which belongs to bisexual flowers. There are 5 heterozygous stamens and 1 pistil. Stamens embracing pistil, stigma dichotomous, ovary next door. The colors are white, pink, snow blue, rose red, purple red, black red, light yellow, brown yellow, light ratio and red powder back, red face and yellow back, or an inflorescence has two colors. The flowering period of autumn chrysanthemum is 10- 12, and the fruits are achenes and short sticks.

Variety:

After several generations of artificial cultivation and breeding, there have been various exotic varieties of chrysanthemum in China, and now there are more than 3 thousand varieties. However, the classification method has been discussed for many years, and there is no unified regulation at present. Only on the key types, opinions are basically the same, and there are basically the following basic methods.

First of all, according to the size of flower stems, chrysanthemums are divided into chrysanthemums and Xiao Ju, with chrysanthemums above 6 cm and Xiao Ju below 6 cm.

Second, according to the shape of petals (tongue-shaped flowers), they are divided into flat petals, spoon petals, tube petals and fork petals.

Three kinds are classified according to different patterns, and the common types are: (Chrysanthemum)

1. round basin; 2. Lotus (solitary ball); 3. Peony; 4. Sphere; 5. Rolling type; 6. dancing; 7. Foster care; 8. burr; 9. African claw; 10. Cinnamon.

Four, according to the pruning method, there are two differences, one is "independent chrysanthemum" or "specimen chrysanthemum"; How many flowers per plant are "chrysanthemums"; A flower 100 or more is a "big chrysanthemum"; Xiao Ju is a "cliff chrysanthemum" full of branches.

Habit:

Originally from China, it was introduced to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia as early as the tenth century, to Europe in the sixteenth century and to the United States in the nineteenth century, and now it is widely cultivated all over the world. Sex likes sunshine, slightly resistant to yin; Like cool climate, avoid heat, and be more cold-resistant. It is suitable for growing in sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose structure, good air permeability and rich humus, and water accumulation and continuous cropping are prohibited. Its important feature is that chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, and its growth and development can be divided into two stages: vegetative growth, rooting, long stem, leaves and spring and summer plants. Reproductive growth, flower bud differentiation and bud formation are carried out in autumn with short sunshine.

(1) chrysanthemum

Specimen chrysanthemum is the most important area in the cultivation of artistic chrysanthemum, and its basic feature is one plant and one flower, also known as independent chrysanthemum.

1. Winter Species: Both ramets and cuttings can be used for propagation. 165438+1cut around October 20th; At flowering stage, the first batch of full buds are selected for plant division, and the propagation is generally in an open seedbed. When the temperature is lower than 0℃ in winter, plastic film should be covered to prevent freezing.

2. Spring maintenance: After winter maintenance, the cutting height has reached 5-30cm in March, and it can be planted in pots from late March to late April. The flowerpot is made of small pots, and the pots are made of garden soil, with one plant in each pot. Spring management focuses on promoting new roots, paying attention to proper fertilizer and water management to prevent excessive growth.

3. Accelerating germination in summer: In mid-May, chrysanthemum seedlings have grown to 20-80 cm. According to the different characteristics and growth conditions of varieties, buds can be picked in stages, the weak ones can be picked in mid-May, and the strong ones can be picked at the end of early June, and attention should be paid to keeping all functional leaves and some new leaves to induce foot buds. If the mother plant does not grow vigorously, thin fertilizer should be applied to promote the vigorous growth of foot buds.

Picking sufficient buds: In early June, sufficient buds should be selected in time, and generally 2-3 sufficient buds should be kept away from the mother plant. In mid-July, new seedlings were finally selected. When selecting seedlings, the new plants with sparse internodes, weak growth or too dense internodes, too thick leaves and insufficient buds should be eliminated, and the "head flower", dry base buds and topsoil buds should be eliminated for early-flowering and middle-flowering varieties.

4. Autumn attack: After selecting new seedlings, change pots in mid-July. Potted soil can be common garden soil with 0.5% bone powder. When planting, the pot soil is only half a pot, and the new seedlings are made straight. At the beginning and end of August, when the new plant has strong independent living ability, the mother plant should be cut off in time. In mid-August, flowerpots should be filled with culture soil in time and supported by vertical poles. At this time, you should wipe off the lateral buds at any time.

In September, chrysanthemum plants have matured and entered reproductive growth. In order to promote flower bud differentiation, according to the characteristics and growth conditions of different varieties, 20-50% of human dry urine, pig dry urine or oily dry water are applied as flower-promoting fertilizers, which are applied every 5-7 days, and fertilization can be stopped when the flower buds change color.

Chrysanthemum buds begin to appear after the end of September, so attention should be paid to pre-selection of buds. In addition to the main bud, the third and fourth nodes under the main bud can leave a backup bud, and other side buds should be erased in time. When the main bud develops normally, the spare bud can be pulled out.

When the buds bloom, the green varieties should be properly shaded; When dark flowers are in full bloom, organic fertilizer should be applied again, and the light should be strengthened to make the flowers colorful. When the flower buds are completely colored and the petals are fully unfolded, the excessively high support rods should be cut off and tied tightly with mats or bamboo filaments to make the flowers dignified.

(2) Chrysanthemum (potted chrysanthemum)

Chrysanthemum display is the most common and wise way of chrysanthemum cultivation, that is, several neat flowers bloom in a pot.

1. Seed storage: seed storage is carried out according to the variety plan. At 5438+0 1 in mid-June, the selected varieties will be sown or potted. Newly introduced varieties can be propagated by cutting on sandy seedbeds.

2. Softwood cutting: the cutting length is 8- 10 cm and the cutting depth is about 1/2. Cutting substrate is suitable for sandy soil and open seedbed. Careful management after transplanting, timely watering and shading, rooting after two weeks, and transplanting in time after rooting.

3. Potting and changing pots: It is best to do it on cloudy days. The cultivated soil is 5 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of humus soil and 2 parts of compost. Chrysanthemum seedlings were first planted in Hanazono Sakura Chrysanthemum Pot (diameter 10- 12 cm), and then the plants grew and changed to medium thousand pots (diameter 25 cm).

4. Maintenance management: The maintenance requirements of potted chrysanthemums are fine, and the potted soil is required to be moist. In summer, the temperature is high and the rainfall is heavy. Generally, water is poured twice a day, and drainage is timely in rainy days. Autumn comes once a day. Before beginning of autumn, chrysanthemum was mainly cultivated and the root system was developed as much as possible. Fertilization depends on the growth of plants. If the pot soil base fertilizer is sufficient, it is generally not applied before beginning of autumn. After the independent autumn, topdressing began, using dilute rotten oil first, and then gradually thickening; In mid-September, depending on the growth situation, apply decomposed dry urine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and stop fertilization until the flowers are completely colored.

In order to promote new shoots, when the seedling height is about 10- 12 cm, leave 4-6 leaves for pinching; When the lateral branches grow to 4-5, leave 2-3 leaves for coring; The last coring stopped 2-3 days after beginning of autumn. Multiple lateral buds often appear when chrysanthemum is pitted. Except for the lateral buds, other lateral buds should be removed in time, and it is better to leave 3-5 neat branches. After the bud occurs, two buds should be left on each branch. After color development, only one bud is left, and the rest buds are peeled off to make the flowering period consistent for viewing.

When the buds are basically formed, the branches should be supported with thin bamboo poles to prevent lodging. The height of the column is about 3 cm higher than that of the chrysanthemum plant. When the buds bloom, they can be tied tightly with tape.

(3) Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum is cultivated by selecting varieties with vigorous growth, strong branches, long internodes, moderate hardness and tall plants. It can be propagated by cutting or grafting.

In June165438+1October, seedlings with undeveloped leaves, far away from the mother plant, were planted in pots or in the open field. Potted soil should use fertile culture soil, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely topdressing to cultivate fat seedlings. The flowerpot can use thousands of pots (25 cm in diameter).

When it grows to 20 cm, peel the bud core with a steel needle to make it sprout lateral buds. Several lateral buds sprouted from the heart are short, neat and beautiful. When the lateral buds are mixed with 6-8 leaves, the core of the lateral buds is removed for the first time, and then the core can be removed every 20 cm and once every half a month. In order to ensure the uniform growth of each lateral branch or small lateral branch, it should be adjusted by controlling the number of lateral branches. 1-2 level can leave 2-4 side branches, 3 small side branches in each side branch in the third level, and only 2 small side branches in the fourth-fifth level. After 10 days in beginning of autumn, conduct the last coring. Every time you pick the core, you start from the middle and then pick the periphery.

As the branches grow, they should be erected and installed immediately to prevent the branches from breaking, and gradually spread the branches to expand the crown. When the root system of the plant is full of soil, it should be planted in a big pot in time, with dried pig roast and bone meal as base fertilizer. After planting in the pot, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and oil cake should be applied in time to make the plant strong. Potting is usually carried out in August.

After sprouting, upright posts or bamboo frames should be set up. The bamboo frame is made of thin bamboo and bamboo pieces and tied into a hemispherical disc shape. The number of turns depends on the number of branches, generally 4-8 turns, and then supported and fixed on the basin with pillars. When binding, first fix the second or third lateral branches under the bamboo frame, then divide all the flower branches into six equal parts, bind them in the order of inside, outside, left and right, and arrange them in a circle. Each bud is tied up 6 cm higher than the bamboo frame, which is neat and beautiful.

(4) Cliff chrysanthemum

Cliff chrysanthemum is a kind of potted plant with unique style, which is composed of medium and small varieties and looks like a mountain cliff.

It takes a year to cultivate cliff chrysanthemum. At the end of June, 5438+065438+ 10, varieties with strong plant growth, tough stems, easy elongation and easy branching were selected, and the roots and foot buds of the mother plant were picked and planted in pots with roots. The same species, two plants are planted together. Pot soil is fertile cultivation soil, and the management is the same as chrysanthemum.

Around Tomb-Sweeping Day in April, the lotus bowl was moved to a place suitable for farming. In order to make chrysanthemum vines grow obliquely, an inclined bamboo pole should be built. When pulling, tie the strong one to the inclined bamboo pole and let it grow along the pole. The other plant cut off the upper part to promote the development of lateral branches to make up for the defect of the other plant's foot. The bamboo pole should be tilted to the west, so that the chrysanthemum seedlings can grow easily along the pole, otherwise there will be a phenomenon of "looking up".

Pruning and core removal is an important link in cultivating cliff chrysanthemum. The height of the plant is about 20 cm, and the head is removed, leaving 1 terminal bud or 3 buds as the main branch. In the future, neither the heart of the main branch nor the bud of the side branch will be picked, but only the heart of the side branch will be picked to promote its branch and make its main branch extend.

The first side branch coring was carried out in the middle and late May, leaving 4 leaves. After that, the small side branches were picked away, leaving only 2 leaves; Pick a heart once a month; Until 10 day after beginning of autumn. Because of the strong growth potential of the top of the plant, the bud formation is earlier than that of the base, and the last coring can be carried out in 2-3 times. Picking at the base is 10 days earlier than that at the top, and 5 days earlier in the middle, so that the flowering period can be neat and consistent.

(5) Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum morifolium is mostly grafted with chrysanthemum and Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua. After the rootstock is maintained for the first year, it is grafted in May-June of the second year. The grafting site rises from bottom to top gradually. Grafting method uses tender buds to split, and the colors of scions and chrysanthemum buds can be different, but the flowering period should be close. Grafting should be carried out when the lateral branches are young, otherwise the survival rate is not high. After that, keep the air moist and don't pour water on the interface.

Chrysanthemum is a short-day flowering plant, and the flowering period can be advanced or postponed by controlling the length of sunshine.

Autumn Chrysanthemum blooms ahead of the National Day: Generally, the flower buds of flowering varieties in China begin to differentiate in 10- 12 days after shading treatment, and flower buds will appear in 35-40 days, which means they can bloom in 60 days. Therefore, the medium-flowered varieties were shaded at the end of July; Late flowering varieties are 5- 10 days earlier and early flowering seeds are 5-7 days later.

The shading time from 5 pm to 8 am every day is effective, and continuous darkness should be maintained during shading.

Delaying the flowering of autumn chrysanthemum to New Year's Day and Spring Festival: There are many ways to delay the flowering of autumn chrysanthemum, such as applying more nitrogen fertilizer, raising temperature at night, and removing stones, all of which have certain effects. But adding light has the best effect. Usually, varieties with late flowering are selected, and their flower bud differentiation time is in the middle and late September. It takes about 60 days for flower buds to differentiate into flowers. The light termination period of chrysanthemums blooming on New Year's Day should be 70 days before New Year's Day, and short sunshine should be resumed to promote flower bud differentiation, and the light termination measures should be taken in the middle of 10. In the same way, flowers bloom in the Spring Festival. In production, it is best to add light for 3 hours every night and illuminate 5 square meters around midnight with a 60-watt bulb.

use

Chrysanthemum is one of the "four gentlemen in flowers". There are many varieties and colors, which are excellent materials for cut flowers and glass. chrysanthemum

(chrysanthemum)

Chrysanthemum, alias Qiuju and Chrysanthemum, belongs to Compositae and Chrysanthemum.

Morphological characteristics:

Perennial perennial herb, plant height 60- 150cm. The stem is divided into two parts: aboveground stem and underground stem: the aboveground stem is erect or semi-tendril, round or prismatic, pubescent, and the base is slightly hardened; Underground stems are rhizome stems with nodes, which take root between nodes. Underground stems grow out of the earth's surface, spreading leaves into new seedlings, which are called "foot buds". Simple leaves alternate, stipules persist or degenerate, petioles are grooved, leaves are round to oblong, shallowly or deeply split, and often form bicuspid, with serrated edges, sharp blade tips and wedge-shaped leaf bases. Flowers are heads, which are inserted at the top of stems or between leaf axils; There are tongue-shaped drugs around the flowers, commonly known as petals, which are large and beautiful, and the stamens degenerate into female flowers; The center of the inflorescence is a tubular flower, which belongs to bisexual flowers. There are 5 heterozygous stamens and 1 pistil. Stamens embracing pistil, stigma dichotomous, ovary next door. The colors are white, pink, snow blue, rose red, purple red, black red, light yellow, brown yellow, light ratio and red powder back, red face and yellow back, or an inflorescence has two colors. The flowering period of autumn chrysanthemum is 10- 12, and the fruits are achenes and short sticks.

Variety:

After several generations of artificial cultivation and breeding, there have been various exotic varieties of chrysanthemum in China, and now there are more than 3 thousand varieties. However, the classification method has been discussed for many years, and there is no unified regulation at present. Only on the key types, opinions are basically the same, and there are basically the following basic methods.

First of all, according to the size of flower stems, chrysanthemums are divided into chrysanthemums and Xiao Ju, with chrysanthemums above 6 cm and Xiao Ju below 6 cm.

Second, according to the shape of petals (tongue-shaped flowers), they are divided into flat petals, spoon petals, tube petals and fork petals.

Three kinds are classified according to different patterns, and the common types are: (Chrysanthemum)

1. round basin; 2. Lotus (solitary ball); 3. Peony; 4. Sphere; 5. Rolling type; 6. dancing; 7. Foster care; 8. burr; 9. African claw; 10. Cinnamon.

Four, according to the pruning method, there are two differences, one is "independent chrysanthemum" or "specimen chrysanthemum"; How many flowers per plant are "chrysanthemums"; A flower 100 or more is a "big chrysanthemum"; Xiao Ju is a "cliff chrysanthemum" full of branches.

Habit:

Originally from China, it was introduced to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia as early as the tenth century, to Europe in the sixteenth century and to the United States in the nineteenth century, and now it is widely cultivated all over the world. Sex likes sunshine, slightly resistant to yin; Like cool climate, avoid heat, and be more cold-resistant. It is suitable for growing in sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose structure, good air permeability and rich humus, and water accumulation and continuous cropping are prohibited. Its important feature is that chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, and its growth and development can be divided into two stages: vegetative growth, rooting, long stem, leaves and spring and summer plants. Reproductive growth, flower bud differentiation and bud formation are carried out in autumn with short sunshine.

cultivation techniques

Due to the different cultivation methods, the cultivation and management methods of chrysanthemum in China are also different. Cultivation methods include specimen chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum morifolium (potted chrysanthemum), chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium. The following briefly introduces the reproduction management of several main cultivation methods.

(1) chrysanthemum

Specimen chrysanthemum is the most important area in the cultivation of artistic chrysanthemum, and its basic feature is one plant and one flower, also known as independent chrysanthemum.

1. Winter Species: Both ramets and cuttings can be used for propagation. 165438+1cut around October 20th; At flowering stage, the first batch of full buds are selected for plant division, and the propagation is generally in an open seedbed. When the temperature is lower than 0℃ in winter, plastic film should be covered to prevent freezing.

2. Spring maintenance: After winter maintenance, the cutting height has reached 5-30cm in March, and it can be planted in pots from late March to late April. The flowerpot is made of small pots, and the pots are made of garden soil, with one plant in each pot. Spring management focuses on promoting new roots, paying attention to proper fertilizer and water management and preventing excessive growth.

3. Accelerating germination in summer: In mid-May, chrysanthemum seedlings have grown to 20-80 cm. According to the different characteristics and growth conditions of varieties, buds can be picked in stages, the weak ones can be picked in mid-May, and the strong ones can be picked at the end of early June, and attention should be paid to keeping all functional leaves and some new leaves to induce foot buds. If the mother plant does not grow vigorously, thin fertilizer should be applied to promote the vigorous growth of foot buds.

Picking sufficient buds: In early June, sufficient buds should be selected in time, and generally 2-3 sufficient buds should be kept away from the mother plant. In mid-July, new seedlings were finally selected. When selecting seedlings, the new plants with sparse internodes, weak growth or too dense internodes, too thick leaves and insufficient buds should be eliminated, and the "head flower", dry base buds and topsoil buds should be eliminated for early-flowering and middle-flowering varieties.

4. Autumn attack: After selecting new seedlings, change pots in mid-July. Potted soil can be common garden soil with 0.5% bone powder. When planting, the pot soil is only half a pot, and the new seedlings are made straight. At the beginning and end of August, when the new plant has strong independent living ability, the mother plant should be cut off in time. In mid-August, flowerpots should be filled with culture soil in time and supported by vertical poles. At this time, you should wipe off the lateral buds at any time.

In September, chrysanthemum plants have matured and entered reproductive growth. In order to promote flower bud differentiation, according to the characteristics and growth conditions of different varieties, 20-50% of human dry urine, pig dry urine or oily dry water are applied as flower-promoting fertilizers, which are applied every 5-7 days, and fertilization can be stopped when the flower buds change color.

Chrysanthemum buds begin to appear after the end of September, so attention should be paid to pre-selection of buds. In addition to the main bud, the third and fourth nodes under the main bud can leave a backup bud, and other side buds should be erased in time. When the main bud develops normally, the spare bud can be pulled out.

When the buds bloom, the green varieties should be properly shaded; When dark flowers are in full bloom, organic fertilizer should be applied again, and the light should be strengthened to make the flowers colorful. When the flower buds are completely colored and the petals are fully unfolded, the excessively high support rods should be cut off and tied tightly with mats or bamboo filaments to make the flowers dignified.

(2) Chrysanthemum (potted chrysanthemum)

Chrysanthemum display is the most common and wise way of chrysanthemum cultivation, that is, several neat flowers bloom in a pot.

1. Seed storage: seed storage is carried out according to the variety plan. At 5438+0 1 in mid-June, the selected varieties will be sown or potted. Newly introduced varieties can be propagated by cutting on sandy seedbeds.

2. Softwood cutting: the cutting length is 8- 10 cm and the cutting depth is about 1/2. Cutting substrate is suitable for sandy soil and open seedbed. Careful management after transplanting, timely watering and shading, rooting after two weeks, and transplanting in time after rooting.

3. Potting and changing pots: It is best to do it on cloudy days. The cultivated soil is 5 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of humus soil and 2 parts of compost. Chrysanthemum seedlings were first planted in Hanazono Sakura Chrysanthemum Pot (diameter 10- 12 cm), and then the plants grew and changed to medium thousand pots (diameter 25 cm).

4. Maintenance management: The maintenance requirements of potted chrysanthemums are fine, and the potted soil is required to be moist. In summer, the temperature is high and the rainfall is heavy. Generally, water is poured twice a day, and drainage is timely in rainy days. Autumn comes once a day. Before beginning of autumn, chrysanthemum was mainly cultivated and the root system was developed as much as possible. Fertilization depends on the growth of plants. If the pot soil base fertilizer is sufficient, it is generally not applied before beginning of autumn. After the independent autumn, topdressing began, using dilute rotten oil first, and then gradually thickening; In mid-September, depending on the growth situation, apply decomposed dry urine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and stop fertilization until the flowers are completely colored.

In order to promote new shoots, when the seedling height is about 10- 12 cm, leave 4-6 leaves for pinching; When the lateral branches grow to 4-5, leave 2-3 leaves for coring; The last coring stopped 2-3 days after beginning of autumn. Multiple lateral buds often appear when chrysanthemum is pitted. Except for the lateral buds, other lateral buds should be removed in time, and it is better to leave 3-5 neat branches. After the bud occurs, two buds should be left on each branch. After color development, only one bud is left, and the rest buds are peeled off to make the flowering period consistent for viewing.

When the buds are basically formed, the branches should be supported with thin bamboo poles to prevent lodging. The height of the column is about 3 cm higher than that of the chrysanthemum plant. When the buds bloom, they can be tied tightly with tape.

(3) Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum is cultivated by selecting varieties with vigorous growth, strong branches, long internodes, moderate hardness and tall plants. It can be propagated by cutting or grafting.

In June165438+1October, seedlings with undeveloped leaves, far away from the mother plant, were planted in pots or in the open field. Potted soil should use fertile culture soil, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely topdressing to cultivate fat seedlings. The flowerpot can use thousands of pots (25 cm in diameter).

When it grows to 20 cm, peel the bud core with a steel needle to make it sprout lateral buds. Several lateral buds sprouted from the heart are short, neat and beautiful. When the lateral buds are mixed with 6-8 leaves, the core of the lateral buds is removed for the first time, and then the core can be removed every 20 cm and once every half a month. In order to ensure the uniform growth of each lateral branch or small lateral branch, it should be adjusted by controlling the number of lateral branches. 1-2 level can leave 2-4 side branches, 3 small side branches in each side branch in the third level, and only 2 small side branches in the fourth-fifth level. After 10 days in beginning of autumn, conduct the last coring. Every time you pick the core, you start from the middle and then pick the periphery.

As the branches grow, they should be erected and installed immediately to prevent the branches from breaking, and gradually spread the branches to expand the crown. When the root system of the plant is full of soil, it should be planted in a big pot in time, with dried pig roast and bone meal as base fertilizer. After planting in the pot, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and oil cake should be applied in time to make the plant strong. Potting is usually carried out in August.

After sprouting, upright posts or bamboo frames should be set up. The bamboo frame is made of thin bamboo and bamboo pieces and tied into a hemispherical disc shape. The number of turns depends on the number of branches, generally 4-8 turns, and then supported and fixed on the basin with pillars. When binding, first fix the second or third lateral branches under the bamboo frame, then divide all the flower branches into six equal parts, bind them in the order of inside, outside, left and right, and arrange them in a circle. Each bud is tied up 6 cm higher than the bamboo frame, which is neat and beautiful.

(4) Cliff chrysanthemum

Cliff chrysanthemum is a kind of potted plant with unique style, which is composed of medium and small varieties and looks like a mountain cliff.

It takes a year to cultivate cliff chrysanthemum. At the end of June, 5438+065438+ 10, varieties with strong plant growth, tough stems, easy elongation and easy branching were selected, and the roots and foot buds of the mother plant were picked and planted in pots with roots. The same species, two plants are planted together. Pot soil is fertile cultivation soil, and the management is the same as chrysanthemum.

Around Tomb-Sweeping Day in April, the lotus bowl was moved to a place suitable for farming. In order to make chrysanthemum vines grow obliquely, an inclined bamboo pole should be built. When pulling, tie the strong one to the inclined bamboo pole and let it grow along the pole. The other plant cut off the upper part to promote the development of lateral branches to make up for the defect of the other plant's foot. The bamboo pole should be tilted to the west, so that the chrysanthemum seedlings can grow easily along the pole, otherwise there will be a phenomenon of "looking up".

Pruning and core removal is an important link in cultivating cliff chrysanthemum. The height of the plant is about 20 cm, and the head is removed, leaving 1 terminal bud or 3 buds as the main branch. In the future, neither the heart of the main branch nor the bud of the side branch will be picked, but only the heart of the side branch will be picked to promote its branch and make its main branch extend.

The first side branch coring was carried out in the middle and late May, leaving 4 leaves. After that, the small side branches were picked away, leaving only 2 leaves; Pick a heart once a month; Until 10 day after beginning of autumn. Because of the strong growth potential of the top of the plant, the bud formation is earlier than that of the base, and the last coring can be carried out in 2-3 times. Picking at the base is 10 days earlier than that at the top, and 5 days earlier in the middle, so that the flowering period can be neat and consistent.

(5) Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum morifolium is mostly grafted with chrysanthemum and Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua. After the rootstock is maintained for the first year, it is grafted in May-June of the second year. The grafting site rises from bottom to top gradually. Grafting method uses tender buds to split, and the colors of scions and chrysanthemum buds can be different, but the flowering period should be close. Grafting should be carried out when the lateral branches are young, otherwise the survival rate is not high. After that, keep the air moist and don't pour water on the interface.

Chrysanthemum is a short-day flowering plant, and the flowering period can be advanced or postponed by controlling the length of sunshine.

Autumn Chrysanthemum blooms ahead of the National Day: Generally, the flower buds of flowering varieties in China begin to differentiate in 10- 12 days after shading treatment, and flower buds will appear in 35-40 days, which means they can bloom in 60 days. Therefore, the medium-flowered varieties were shaded at the end of July; Late flowering varieties are 5- 10 days earlier and early flowering seeds are 5-7 days later.

The shading time from 5 pm to 8 am every day is effective, and continuous darkness should be maintained during shading.

Delaying the flowering of autumn chrysanthemum to New Year's Day and Spring Festival: There are many ways to delay the flowering of autumn chrysanthemum, such as applying more nitrogen fertilizer, raising temperature at night, and removing stones, all of which have certain effects. But adding light has the best effect. Usually, varieties with late flowering are selected, and their flower bud differentiation time is in the middle and late September. It takes about 60 days for flower buds to differentiate into flowers. The light termination period of chrysanthemums blooming on New Year's Day should be 70 days before New Year's Day, and short sunshine should be resumed to promote flower bud differentiation, and the light termination measures should be taken in the middle of 10. In the same way, flowers bloom in the Spring Festival. In production, it is best to add light for 3 hours every night and illuminate 5 square meters around midnight with a 60-watt bulb.

use

Chrysanthemum is one of the "four gentlemen in flowers". There are many varieties and colors, which are excellent materials for cut flowers and glass.

Chrysanthemum has the effects of clearing away latent heat, detoxicating, expelling wind and regulating qi. It is not only edible, but also suitable for adjuvant treatment of dizziness, red eyes, swelling and pain, cold and hypertension.

chrysanthemum

(chrysanthemum)

Chrysanthemum, alias Qiuju and Chrysanthemum, belongs to Compositae and Chrysanthemum.

Morphological characteristics:

Perennial perennial herb, plant height 60- 150cm. The stem is divided into two parts: aboveground stem and underground stem: the aboveground stem is erect or semi-tendril, round or prismatic, pubescent, and the base is slightly hardened; Underground stems are rhizome stems with nodes, which take root between nodes. Underground stems grow out of the earth's surface, spreading leaves into new seedlings, which are called "foot buds". Simple leaves alternate, stipules persist or degenerate, petioles are grooved, leaves are round to oblong, shallowly or deeply split, and often form bicuspid, with serrated edges, sharp blade tips and wedge-shaped leaf bases. Flowers are heads, which are inserted at the top of stems or between leaf axils; There are tongue-shaped drugs around the flowers, commonly known as petals, which are large and beautiful, and the stamens degenerate into female flowers; The center of the inflorescence is a tubular flower, which belongs to bisexual flowers. There are 5 heterozygous stamens and 1 pistil. Stamens embracing pistil, stigma dichotomous, ovary next door. The colors are white, pink, snow blue, rose red, purple red, black red, light yellow, brown yellow, light ratio and red powder back, red face and yellow back, or an inflorescence has two colors. The flowering period of autumn chrysanthemum is 10- 12, and the fruits are achenes and short sticks.

Variety:

After several generations of artificial cultivation and breeding, there have been various exotic varieties of chrysanthemum in China, and now there are more than 3 thousand varieties. However, the classification method has been discussed for many years, and there is no unified regulation at present. Only on the key types, opinions are basically the same, and there are basically the following basic methods.

First of all, according to the size of flower stems, chrysanthemums are divided into chrysanthemums and Xiao Ju, with chrysanthemums above 6 cm and Xiao Ju below 6 cm.

Second, according to the shape of petals (tongue-shaped flowers), they are divided into flat petals, spoon petals, tube petals and fork petals.

Three kinds are classified according to different patterns, and the common types are: (Chrysanthemum)

1. round basin; 2. Lotus (solitary ball); 3. Peony; 4. Sphere; 5. Rolling type; 6. dancing; 7. Foster care; 8. burr; 9. African claw; 10. Cinnamon.

Four, according to the pruning method, there are two differences, one is "independent chrysanthemum" or "specimen chrysanthemum"; How many flowers per plant are "chrysanthemums"; A flower 100 or more is a "big chrysanthemum"; Xiao Ju is a "cliff chrysanthemum" full of branches.

Habit:

Originally from China, it was introduced to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia as early as the tenth century, to Europe in the sixteenth century and to the United States in the nineteenth century, and now it is widely cultivated all over the world. Sex likes sunshine, slightly resistant to yin; Like cool climate, avoid heat, and be more cold-resistant. It is suitable for growing in sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose structure, good air permeability and rich humus, and water accumulation and continuous cropping are prohibited. Its important feature is that chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, and its growth and development can be divided into two stages: vegetative growth, rooting, long stem, leaves and spring and summer plants. Reproductive growth, flower bud differentiation and bud formation are carried out in autumn with short sunshine.

cultivation techniques

Due to the different cultivation methods, the cultivation and management methods of chrysanthemum in China are also different. Cultivation methods include specimen chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum morifolium (potted chrysanthemum), chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium. The following briefly introduces the reproduction management of several main cultivation methods.

(1) chrysanthemum

Specimen chrysanthemum is the most important area in the cultivation of artistic chrysanthemum, and its basic feature is one plant and one flower, also known as independent chrysanthemum.