1. The grafting method of mango is as follows:
(1) butt joint method (2) patch bud grafting (3) cut grafting (4) abdominal branch grafting (5) joint grafting.
Among them, the most popular grafting method is cutting. We know that mango is a tropical fruit, and it needs high temperature to grow. Generally, the grafting temperature must exceed 20℃ (probably April-May is the best), and the advantage of cutting is that younger scions can be used, which is not affected by phenology and peeling difficulty. As long as the temperature conditions permit, any conditions can be grafted; After survival, the seedlings germinate and grow rapidly.
Since it is so popular, how to cut it? (three steps)
(1) Select scions from robust mother branches with vigorous growth, no pests and diseases, and pure varieties. One-year-old mature or semi-mature scions have strong branches and mature and stable leaves. (Remember to soak in Bordeaux mixture for sterilization and disease prevention after selection)
(2) Splicing the ear, selecting well-developed leaf buds and cutting them into 3cm ~ 5cm lengths, then directly cutting a plane with the length of 1.5 ~ 2.5cm on the corresponding face of the buds, and cutting the base into an inclined plane.
(3) When the stem thickness of the grafting site and the grafted rootstock reaches 0.6 cm to 0.8 cm, grafting can be carried out. Cut a plane equivalent to the scion incision on the leafless stem segment above the top of the first canopy, cut off the part above the section, and cut off most of the cortex of the incision, leaving only a small part of the surface for scion cutting. Align the cortex, insert the scion, wrap it tightly with plastic film tape and seal it.
After grafting is completed, maintenance management should be carried out. We know that there are four factors that can affect the grafting results of mango: (1) the quality of grafted rootstock and scion varieties and their affinity strength; (2) Suitable temperature; (3) Whether the grafting technology is mature; (4) Whether the water quantity is sufficient. Let's take some measures to make mango grafting grow rapidly.
Second, the maintenance and management after grafting:
1, cut off the extra buds. After grafting, adventitious buds at the lower part of the grafting interface of rootstock often germinate, so it is necessary to check 1 time every week and remove them in time to avoid affecting the growth of grafted buds. There are only 1 bud left on the scion, and the rest have been erased.
2, check the survival situation, timely repair. After 3 weeks of grafting, it is necessary to check whether the scion is alive. If there is no job, make it up in time.
3, scientific and reasonable supply of water and fertilizer. Mango grafted seedlings should always be moist, not dry or waterlogged. According to the principle of watering when it is dry and watering when it is thorough, water it in time during drought. After grafting, thin fertilizer water can be applied 1 month, and urea aqueous solution can be applied 1 time every other month. Apply thin fertilizer frequently every month to increase the concentration of fertilization.
4, timely detection and control of pests and diseases. Diseases and insect pests are prone to occur at seedling stage, especially Noctuidae and anthracnose, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. Dry branches should be cleaned frequently, and dead twigs and branches should be cut off and burned. In case of Noctuidae, use Dibaike to spray pesticides when fruit tips or leaf tips sprout, 1 day1time, 3-4 times in a row. If it is anthrax, you can spray 1 stone sulfur mixture multiplied by 2 Baume degrees. Spraying carbendazim, zineb, thiophanate methyl, etc. From flowering stage to young leaf stage every 10- 15 days 1 time.
5, plastic trimming. That is, the main branches germinated after grafting are decapitated with a length of about 20 cm after aging to promote the development of side branches. When the lateral branches sprout to 15 ~ 20 cm, the top should be picked and the secondary lateral branches should be promoted in turn.