Basic introduction Chinese name: sex reversal mbth: Sex transformation has both male and female reproductive organs? Historical documents: Hanshu has a history of more than 2,000 years: introduction, research, fish, human beings, reports of sexual inversion, gender judgment, scientific explanation, the rooster lay eggs and the rooster lay eggs events, all of which are "sexual inversion" phenomena. Many netizens talked about the rooster lay eggs, and briefly introduced that under certain conditions, the phenomenon of mutual transformation between male and female animals is called sex reversal. In animals, sometimes the mutual transformation of male and female individuals occurs, which is called "sexual inversion" in biology. According to the research of ichthyologists, there are many such phenomena in fish. The sex reversal animal Monopterus albus was recorded in Hanshu more than 2000 years ago. Sex reversal is common in fish, such as the gonad of Monopterus albus, which is from embryo to sexually mature ovary and can only produce eggs. After laying eggs, the ovaries slowly turn into testicles, producing only * * *. So every eel goes through two stages in its life: male and female. Mature female swordfish will accidentally become male fish, and old female eels will sometimes become male fish. A large number of studies have shown that exogenous hormones can play a role in sexual reversal. Treating larvae and juveniles with steroid hormones at the critical stage of gonadal differentiation can obtain parthenocarpy or primary parthenocarpy population. From the point of view of animal species, adult fish and frogs can change their sex under the influence of hormones or other factors, and chickens also have the phenomenon of "killing chickens for four hours". Hormones can be used to make undifferentiated chicken embryos change their sex. Mammals, including humans, can't change their sex, but they can be hermaphroditic if they are injected with sex hormones before the sex differentiation of embryos. On the one hand, it is due to evolutionary differences, but more importantly, there are material conditions for sex transformation in fish and frogs, as well as in female chickens and chicken embryos-there are undifferentiated parts in gonads, so sex can be changed when conditions are suitable, but males and adult mammals do not have this structure. Whether mammalian embryos can be changed before sex differentiation needs further study. Fish in fish, the most typical "sex reversal" is Monopterus albus. Monopterus albus is not a hermaphrodite fish. It is female from larva to adult and has the ability to lay eggs. But once an egg is laid, the ovary will turn into a testis, and the female will become a male, never laying eggs. Recently, it was found that the age when Monopterus albus began to have sexual changes was related to its latitude. The higher the latitude, the later the age of sexual change. There is a kind of red snapper in the ocean, which generally takes about 20 as its "home". There is only one male fish in this "home". Once the male fish dies, a big and strong female fish is "selected" from the "family" and becomes a male fish through wonderful sexual mutation. If the male fish dies again, it will still be replaced by another female fish. There is an anemone fish in coral reefs, which is often composed of a larger female fish, some smaller males and some underage fish. If the female fish dies, the largest male fish can become a female fish within 60 days and lay eggs to become the new "fish queen" of this school. In addition, there are yellow snapper in the Yellow Sea and fairy fish in the Sea of Japan, all of which have this interesting sex reversal ability. There have been many reports about gender reversal recently. 198 1, a girl was found to be a boy in Daxing County, Beijing. In the archives of a city in the United States, it is recorded that 38 girls became young men during adolescence. In two villages in the Dominican Republic 1972, girls aged 18 12 became boys one after another. Not only have their sexual organs developed, but their muscles have also developed, and their Adam's apple has become obvious and their voices have become lower. Of the 18 people, 16 has developed into a real young man; One of the other two people, because she is used to women's psychology, is unwilling to change her habits and women's clothes; Another woman is more "stubborn", still willing to be a woman, and has married someone, ready to become a "real" woman through surgery. This sensational report comes from a news from Effie, saying that in a Palestinian refugee camp in the Israeli-occupied Gaza, more than1000 girls collectively became transsexual when they entered puberty, and began to grow beards and muscles, and gradually developed into boys, which is quite attractive to women. The report also said that the collective depravity of these girls is related to the marriage of close relatives. Generally speaking, the phenomenon of female to male is rare, and the phenomenon of male to female is even less. From 65438 to 0979, Renee, the Georgia women's singles champion in the United States, had a "crisis" at the All England Tennis Championships, and almost all the female players opposed her participation. There is a simple reason. They don't recognize Renee as a woman. The organizer asked Renee to do a chromosome test to determine the sex, but she refused. Since then, she has given up any competition. Gender Judgment Throughout the reports about transsexuality, most of them judge gender through primary sexual characteristics (external reproductive organs) and secondary sexual characteristics (* * *, Adam's apple, muscles, hair, etc.). There is almost no basis for chromosome examination, let alone genetic sex identification at the molecular level, and there are few data on gonad status, so its reliability is quite low. Although there are only differences between men and women, from the perspective of medical genetics, it can be divided into at least social gender, behavioral gender, psychological gender, body gender, external genitalia gender, internal genitalia gender, gonad gender, sex hormone gender, pituitary and hypothalamus gender, chromosome gender, gene gender and so on 10. Normal people, these sexes are harmonious. People's social gender, behavioral gender and psychological gender are all influenced by certain environmental and social factors, such as some people dress up as women or men, or have homosexual tendencies. In addition, different levels of gender are the expression of genetic gender. Take normal men as an example. If there is SRY gene (testis determining gene) in the fertilized egg, there will be Y chromosome in the nucleus of this embryo, the original gonad will form testis, and the embryo will differentiate into male internal and external reproductive organs, and after birth, it will be a baby boy. When the boy enters adolescence, according to the programming code of the gene, the testis grows rapidly and secretes a lot of androgen. Under the action of androgen, the boy began to have nocturnal emission, grow a beard, have an Adam's apple, have a thicker voice and develop more muscles. If gene chromosome translocation and aberration occur in early embryos or even in germ cells (* * * or eggs), under the influence of external factors such as radiation, viruses, chemicals and drugs, the gonads and reproductive organs of embryos may be deformed, and the baby born may be hermaphrodite, making it difficult to distinguish between men and women in the intermediate state. Androgyny can be mainly male or female in appearance. And an intermediate state; If there are no gender differences in gonads, sex hormones, chromosomes and genes, the problem will be more complicated and chaotic. As a higher organism, it is impossible for human beings to get a scientific explanation. There is indeed a sexual reversal in nature, but it all happens to lower organisms such as chickens and fish. Some people think that human beings have sex reversal because some people don't know how to carry out scientific sex identification. When babies come into this world, some babies are difficult to distinguish between male and female because of congenital genital malformation; After entering adolescence, endocrine hormones interfere with the expression of basic gender, which seems to "correct" God's slip of the pen and make people think that there has been a sexual reversal. There are many kinds of congenital malformations of human reproductive organs and their manifestations are complex. Before puberty, patients' sex selection and retention should be corrected by surgery, and after puberty correction, attention should be paid to behavior and psychological gender status. Before operation, patients had better listen to the opinions of psychologists and geneticists to reduce postoperative sequelae. The rooster lay eggs the rooster lay eggs incident on February 2, 2009 at 9: 00 am +65438. There are two cocks laying eggs in Jinan. This egg is about 3 cm long and 2 cm in diameter at the widest part of the cross section. Except for its small size, this egg is no different from ordinary eggs in both feel and color. These two cocks have been raised in Mr. Xue's hometown for about two years. After taking it to Jinan, he only fed some vegetables and corn. Mr Xue said that he had never seen the phenomenon in the rooster lay eggs before. Mr. Xue said that the egg in his hand was laid by the rooster at home, which is a phenomenon of "sex reversal". Professor Zhao from the School of Life Sciences of Shandong University said that there is a phenomenon of "sex reversal" in the animal kingdom, which is caused by many complicated reasons and may even be caused by trauma. In addition, Professor Zhao also said that since we didn't see the two cocks and eggs, it's still inconclusive whether it was the rooster lay eggs or man-made news. Many netizens chatted about the times news of the rooster lay eggs in QQ group. After learning the news, they expressed their views one after another. Good news: netizen "new": laying cock, fighter in cock! Everyone came out to watch the boxer. Scientific type: netizen "brave pig": The essence of this chicken is hen, and it must have a complete female reproductive system in its body, otherwise it can't lay eggs. The reason why this chicken shows the sexual characteristics of rooster is the result of strong secretion of androgen. Weird type: Netizen "Book": The rooster that lays eggs may be hermaphrodite, and the so-called "bisexual chicken" is doubtful: Netizen "Nanboyi": the rooster lay eggs is impossible. News providers deliberately create news. To put it bluntly, roosters have no organs to lay eggs, which means there is no such equipment. Unexpected type: netizen "Bu Haohua": chickens are not allowed in the community, and cocks can't crow, so they have to pretend to be hens. As a result, the rooster pretended to be so alike that he accidentally laid an egg at once.