Aluminum alloy model
Comment 2006-8-1913: 48: 46 Author: Brooke Browse: 19 6
Shape substitution number of wrought aluminum alloy
1. range
This standard specifies the status code of deformed aluminum alloy.
This standard is applicable to aluminum and aluminum processed products.
2. Basic principles
2. 1 The basic status code is expressed in English capital letters.
2.2 The subdivision status code is represented by the basic status code followed by one or more Arabic numerals.
2.3 basic status code
There are five basic states, as shown in the expression.
table
Description and application of code name
F the free machining state is applicable to products with special requirements for work hardening and heat treatment conditions during molding, and the mechanical properties of products in this state are not specified.
O annealing state is suitable for the processed products with the lowest strength after complete annealing.
H Work hardening state is suitable for products whose strength is improved by work hardening. After work hardening, the product may (or may not) undergo additional heat treatment to reduce its strength.
The H code is followed by two or three Arabic numerals.
W solution heat treatment state is an unstable state, which is only suitable for alloys naturally aged at room temperature after solution heat treatment. This status code only indicates that the product is in the natural aging stage.
Test heat treatment state
(Different from F, O and H states) Suitable for products that are stable after heat treatment and/or work hardening. T code must be followed by one or more Arabic numerals.
3. Subdivision status code
3. 1 h subdivision status
Add two Arabic numerals (called HXX status) after the letter H, or add three Arabic numerals (called HXXX status) to indicate the subdivision status of H.
3. 1. 1 hxx status
3. The number 1 after1h indicates the basic process of obtaining this state, as shown below:
H1-simple work hardening treatment state. It is suitable for the state that the required strength can be obtained only through work hardening without additional heat treatment.
H2 —— the state of work hardening and incomplete annealing. It is suitable for products whose work hardening degree exceeds the specified requirements of finished products and whose strength decreases to the specified index after incomplete annealing. For the alloy softened by natural aging at room temperature, H2 and H3 have the same minimum ultimate tensile strength. For other alloys, H2 has the same minimum ultimate tensile strength as the corresponding H 1, but its elongation is slightly higher than H 1.
H3 —— Current situation of work hardening and stabilization treatment. It is suitable for heat treatment after work hardening or products with stable mechanical properties due to thermal action during processing. H3 state is only applicable to alloys that gradually age and soften at room temperature (unless they are stable).
H4 —— Current situation of work hardening and painting treatment. Suitable for products that are not fully annealed after work hardening and painting treatment.
3. The second digit after1.1.2h indicates the work hardening degree of the product. The number 8 indicates a hard state. Usually, the minimum tensile strength value of HX8 is specified by the sum of the minimum tensile strength in O state and the strength difference specified in Table 2. For the state between O (annealing) and HX8, the number 1 to 7 should be added after the HX code, and the number 9 after HX indicates the superhard state with work hardening degree greater than HX8. Various HXX subdivision status codes and corresponding work hardening degrees are shown in Table 3:
Table Difference of Minimum Tensile Strength between HX8 State and O State
Minimum tensile strength in O state /Mpa/difference between minimum tensile strength in HX8 state and O state/MPa
≤40
45~60
65~80
85~ 100
105~ 120
125~ 160
165~200
205~240
245~280
285~320
≥325 55
65
75
Eighty-five
90
95
100
105
1 10
1 15
120
Table 3 HXY Subdivision Status Code and Work Hardening Degree
Breakdown status code work hardening degree
The tensile strength limit of HX 1 is an intermediate value between O and HX2 states.
The ultimate tensile strength of HX2 is an intermediate value between O and HX4 states.
The ultimate tensile strength of HX3 is an intermediate value between the states of HX2 and HX4.
The ultimate tensile strength of HX4 is an intermediate value between O and HX8 states.
The ultimate tensile strength of HX5 is the intermediate value between the states of HX4 and HX6.
The tensile strength limit of HX6 is the intermediate value of HX4 and HX8 states.
The ultimate tensile strength of HX7 is the intermediate value of HX6 and HX8 states.
HX8 hard state
HX9 superhard state
The minimum tensile strength limit exceeds the HX8 state by at least 10Mpa.
Note: the tensile strength value of HX 1~HX9 determined according to the above table does not end with 0 or 5. It should be rounded to the next higher value ending in 0 or 5.
3. 1.2 HXXX status
HXXX status codes are as follows:
a) H 1 1 1
It is suitable for products that have been properly work hardened after final annealing, but the work hardening degree is not as good as H 1 1.
b)H 1 12
Suitable for hot processing and molding products. In this state, the mechanical properties of products have specified requirements.
c)H 1 16
Suitable for products made of 5XXX series alloys with magnesium content ≥4.0%. These products have specific mechanical properties and anti-stripping corrosion requirements.
D) Status code of the diamond plate.
The status codes of diamond plates and their corresponding status codes before embossing are shown in Table 4:
Table 4 Comparison of diamond plate and its plate status code before embossing.
The status code of the diamond plate is the status code of the plate before embossing.
H 1 14 O
H 124
H224
H324 H 1 1
H2 1
H3 1
H 134
H234
H334 H 12
H22
H32
H 144
H244
H344 H 13
H23
H33
H 154
H254
H354 H 14
H24
H34
H 164
H264
H364 H 15
H25
H35
H 174
H274
H374 H 16
H26
H36
H 184
H284
H384 H 17
H27
H37
H 194
H294
H394 H 18
H28
H38
H 195
H295
H395 H 19
H29
H39
3.2 t subdivision status
Add one or more Arabic numerals after the letter T to indicate the subdivision state of T.
3.2. 1 launch status
T is followed by Arabic numerals from 0 to 10, indicating the subdivision state (called TX state) as shown in Table 5. The number after t indicates the teacup treatment program of the product.
Table 5 Description and Application of TX Subdivision Status Codes
Description and application of status code
State after solution heat treatment, natural aging and cold working.
Suitable for products with improved strength after cold working.
T 1 is cooled by high temperature forming process, and then naturally aged to a basically stable state.
It is suitable for products that are not cold-worked after being cooled by high-temperature forming process (straightening and straightening can be carried out without affecting the mechanical performance limit).
T2 is cooled by high temperature forming process, and naturally aged to a basically stable state after cold working. It is suitable for products that are cooled by high-temperature forming process and then cold-worked, or straightened and leveled to improve strength.
T3 is cold-worked after solution heat treatment, and then naturally aged to a basically stable state. Suitable for cold working, or straightening after solution heat treatment to improve the strength of products.
After solution heat treatment, T4 naturally aged to a basically stable state. Suitable for products without cold working after solution heat treatment (straightening and straightening can be carried out without affecting the limit of mechanical properties).
T5 The state of cooling by high-temperature forming process and then artificial aging.
Suitable for products that are cooled by high-temperature forming process and artificially aged without cold working (straightening and straightening can be carried out without affecting the mechanical property limit).
T6 is an artificial aging state after solution heat treatment.
Suitable for products without cold working after solution heat treatment (straightening and straightening can be carried out without affecting the limit of mechanical properties).
T7 is an artificial aging state after solution heat treatment.
It is suitable for products whose strength exceeds the peak point on the aging curve to obtain some important characteristics after solution heat treatment.
T8 The cold working state after solution heat treatment, and then artificial aging.
Suitable for cold working, straightening and leveling to improve product strength.
T9 Artificial aging state after solution heat treatment and cold working.
Suitable for products that have been cold-worked to improve product strength.
T 10 is a state of cooling, cold working and artificial aging by high temperature forming process.
Suitable for products that have been cold-worked, straightened or leveled to improve product strength.
Note: Some 6XXX alloys can achieve the same solution heat treatment effect whether they are solution heat treated in furnace or quenched from high temperature forming process to keep soluble components in solid solution. The T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9 states of these alloys can be treated by either of the above two methods.
3.2.2 T state and TXXX state (except stress relief state)
Adding an Arabic numeral (called TXX status) or two Arabic numerals (called TXXX status) after the TX status code indicates the status after a specific process that obviously changes the product characteristics (such as mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, etc.). ), as shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Description and application of TXX and TXXX subdivision status codes
Description and application of status code
T42 is suitable for products that have reached a completely stable state after O or F state solution heat treatment, and also for products whose mechanical properties have reached T42 state after heat treatment of processed products in any state by the buyer.
T62 is suitable for products that enter artificial aging after O or F state solution heat treatment, and also suitable for products whose mechanical properties reach T62 state after heat treatment of processed products in any state by the buyer.
T73 is suitable for products aged after solution heat treatment to achieve the specified mechanical properties and stress corrosion resistance.
T74 and T73 have the same state definition. The tensile strength of this state is greater than that of T73 state, but less than that of T76 state.
T76 and T73 have the same state definition. In this state, the tensile strength is higher than T73 and T74 respectively, and the stress corrosion cracking resistance is lower than T73 and T74 respectively, but its spalling corrosion resistance is still good.
T7X2 is suitable for products with mechanical properties and corrosion resistance reaching T7X state after O or F solution heat treatment and artificial aging treatment.
T8 1 is suitable for products which are subjected to solution heat treatment, cold-worked and deformed by about 1% to improve strength, and then artificially aged.
T87 is suitable for products that have undergone solution heat treatment, cold working deformation of about 7% to improve strength, and then artificial aging.
3.2.3 Eliminating stress state
Add "5 1", "5 10" or "5 1 1" or "52" or "54" after the above TX or TXX or TXXX status codes to indicate the product status codes after stress relief treatment, as shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Description and Application of Stress Relief Status Codes
Description and application of status code
TX5 1
TXX5 1
Txxxxx 5 1 is suitable for thick plates, rolled or cold-worked bars, die forgings, forged rings or rolled rings to be drawn by a specified amount after being cooled by solution heat treatment or high temperature forming process. These products will not straighten after stretching.
The permanent deformation of thick plate is 65438 0.5% ~ 3%; The permanent deformation of rolled or cold-worked steel bars is 65438 0% ~ 3%; The permanent deformation of forging ring or rolling ring of die forgings is 1%~5%.
TX5 10
TXX5 10
TXXX5 10/0 is suitable for extruded bars, dies, pipes and drawn pipes cooled by solution heat treatment or high temperature forming process, and these products will not be straightened after drawing.
The permanent deformation of extruded bars, dies and pipes is1%~ 3%; The permanent deformation of the drawn tube is 65438 0.5% ~ 3%.
TX5 1 1
TXX5 1 1
Txxxxx 5 1 1 is suitable for extruded bars, dies, pipes and drawn pipes cooled by solution heat treatment or high temperature forming process. These products can be slightly straightened after stretching to meet standard tolerances.
The permanent deformation of extruded bars, dies and pipes is1%~ 3%; The permanent deformation of the drawn tube is 65438 0.5% ~ 3%.
TX52
TXX52
TXXX52 is suitable for solution heat treatment or cooling in high temperature forming process, and the product with permanent deformation of 1%~5% can be produced by eliminating stress through compression.
TX54
TXX54
TXXX54 is suitable for die forgings which can eliminate stress by supercooling in final forging die.
4.3 W stress relief state
Just as the code of T indicates the stress relieved state, the same number (5 1, 52, 54) can be added after the code of W to indicate the unstable solution heat treatment and stress relieved state.
Appendix a
(Appendix of Prompt)
New code corresponding to the original status code
Old code, new code, old code, new code
M
rare
Y
Y 1
Y2
Y4
T
Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
CS O
H 1 12 or f
HX8
HX6
HX4
HX2
HX9
T4
T6 CYS
CZY
CSY
mcs
MCZ
CGS 1
CGS2
CGS3
RCS TX5 1, TX52, etc.
T0
T9
T62
T42
T73
T76
T74
T5
Note: The products originally delivered in R state and providing the performance of CZ and CS samples can have new codes T62 and T42 respectively.
Basic types of aluminum and aluminum alloy corrosion
1. Pitting corrosion, also known as hole corrosion, is a local corrosion form that produces needles, spots and holes on metals. Pitting is a unique form of anodic reaction and a autocatalytic process, that is, the conditions caused by the corrosion process in pitting holes can not only promote corrosion, but also maintain corrosion.
2. Uniformly corrode aluminum. In phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide and other solutions, the oxide film on it will dissolve, resulting in uniform corrosion and uniform dissolution rate. The increase of solution temperature and solute concentration promoted the corrosion of aluminum.
3. crevice corrosion crevice corrosion is a kind of local corrosion. Metal parts form cracks in electrolyte solution, between metal and metal or between metal and nonmetal, and the width is enough to immerse the medium, which makes the medium in a stagnant state and intensifies the corrosion inside the cracks. This phenomenon is called crevice corrosion.
4. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminum alloy was discovered in the early 1930s. A kind of damage of metal under the combined action of stress (tensile stress or internal stress) and corrosive medium is called SCC. Stress corrosion cracking is characterized by the formation of corrosion mechanical cracks, which can develop along grain boundaries or through grains. Because the crack propagation is inside the metal, the strength of the metal structure will be greatly reduced, and it will suddenly fail in severe cases. SCC only occurs under certain conditions, which are:
-A certain tensile stress or residual stress in the metal;
Types and causes of industrial and technological waste products of plate and strip
1. The quality of through-hole castings is not good.
2. The surface bubble ingot has high hydrogen content and loose structure; There is a dirty east half on the surface of the ingot, which was not cleaned before charging; After etching, there are traces of etching residues on the surfaces of the casting block and aluminum composite plate; If the heating time is too long or the temperature is too high, the surface of the casting block will be oxidized; During the first welding roll, the emulsion nozzle was not closed tightly, and the emulsion flowed under the aluminum composite plate.
3. When the ingot is cracked and hot rolled, the reduction is too large, and it cracks from the end of the ingot; The heating temperature of the ingot is too high or too low.
4. The mechanical performance is unqualified, the heat treatment system is not properly implemented or the heat treatment equipment is abnormal, and the air circulation is not good; The amount of quenching material is large, the temperature of salt bath tank is not enough for furnace use, and the heat preservation time is insufficient, and it is discharged before reaching the specified temperature; The heat treatment system or test method adopted by the laboratory is incorrect; The sample size and shape are incorrect, and the surface of the sample is damaged.
5. The quality of slag-inclusion ingot is not good, and there are metallic or nonmetallic residues in the billet.
6. The composition of the torn lubricating oil is unqualified or the emulsion is too thick, which leads to sliding between the plate and the roller and uneven metal deformation; The rolling speed is not well controlled, and the reduction is too large; Rolling speed is too fast; Incorrect adjustment of drum tension, unstable tension; Poor annealing quality; Metal plasticity is not enough; Incorrect roll profile control leads to excessive internal stress in metal; Edge crack of hot-rolled drum: poor lubrication during rolling, and excessive friction between strip and roll; Incorrect coil feeding causes tensile stress and compressive stress at the same time, resulting in small cracks on the edge, which continue to expand or even tear after repeated rolling; When finishing, the jaw of the stretching machine is clamped incorrectly or unevenly, or the plate has a cracked edge, which will cause tearing when stretching; When quenching, the chain is not wrapped well or too tightly, which leads to the fracture and tear of the plate during stretching and straightening.
7. Too thin reduction adjustment is incorrect; The thickness gauge is faulty or improperly used; Incorrect roll profile control.
8. The type of folding (folding) roller is incorrect, such as the bearing of the calender is heated, which causes the two ends of the roller to bulge, resulting in a thick plate in the middle and thin on both sides; Before calendering, the plate wave is too large, which makes the calendering amount too large and causes warping; When the sheet is calendered, it is easy to fold if the paper is not fed correctly; The thickness difference between the two sides of the plate is large and it is easy to fold.
9. Non-metallic rollers, roller tables, shears, etc. The press into the hot rolling mill is not clean, and the dirt falls on the pallet belt during processing, which is formed by rolling; The rollers, guide rollers, three-roller straightener, coiler and other parts of the cold rolling mill contacting the strip are not clean, and dirt is pressed in; The nozzle of rolling oil is blocked or the pressure is low, which can't wash off the non-metallic dirt attached to the surface of the strip; The emulsion was not replaced in time, the aluminum powder was not cleaned, and the emulsion tank was not cleaned.
10. The high temperature instrument of the overburning heat treatment equipment is inaccurate; The temperature in each area of the electric furnace is uneven; The heat treatment system is not implemented correctly, and the metal heating temperature reaches or exceeds the metal overheating temperature; Incorrect loading may cause local overheating near the heater.
1 1. In the process of metal pressing and heating, metal chips fall on the strip and are formed after rolling; During hot rolling, there are fewer passes at the edge of the roll, and the metal at the edge of the roll falls on the strip; The quality of disc trimming is not good, and there are burrs on the edge of the lath, so compressed air can't blow off the metal chips on the surface of the lath; After the aluminum is adhered to the roller, the adhered aluminum block is pressed on the strip plate; The guide rail was clamped too tightly, and the scraped fragments fell on the board.
12. The roller type of corrugated roller is not adjusted correctly, and the original roller type is not suitable; Flatness control system failure or improper use; The original shape of cold-rolled wool is poor or the section is too convex; Improper selection of process parameters such as reduction rate, tension and speed; Various types of straighteners are not well adjusted, and the gap between straightening rollers is inconsistent, which makes the thin edge of the plate produce waves; For stretch straightener and stretch bending straightener, the elongation is not selected properly.
13. After quenching, washing and drying, when there is a trace of acid, alkali or nitrate on the surface of the corroded plate, the plate will be corroded after a period of time; Improper storage of adhesive tape, water dripping on the board; Auxiliary materials that come into contact with products during processing, such as kerosene, rolling oil, emulsion, packaging oil, etc. Water or alkaline, which may lead to corrosion; The coil temperature is too high during packaging, or the packaging is not good and it is damaged during transportation.
14. Scratch the roller table of the hot rolling mill, and the guide plate is stuck with aluminum, so that the hot pressing belt is scratched; Cold rolling mill guide plate, pinch roll, etc. Having prominent sharp corners or sticking aluminum; Scratched by the guide rail in the process of polishing machine; When the finished product is packaged, the hoisting parts are improperly hoisted.
15. During element diffusion annealing quenching, the heat treatment system is not properly implemented, the heating time is unreasonably prolonged or the holding temperature is increased; Too many times of annealing and quenching; Hot-rolled tail or pre-cutting failed to cut the head and tail according to the requirements of the process specification, resulting in unqualified aluminum cladding of the plate; The aluminum composite plate is used incorrectly, and the aluminum plate is too thin.
16. The reason why it is too thick is the same as 7 "too thin".
17. Carelessness in lifting the drum can easily lead to drum wear; Incorrect strip feeding will lead to relative friction between strip and roll during rolling; Incorrect tension is used in winding, small tension is used in winding, and large tension is used in uncoiling, which tightens the drum and causes dislocation between plates; Lubricating oil contains too much sand ingot oil, and the residual oil on the roller after rolling is different. When uncoiling, there will be slight sliding between rings, resulting in scratches.
18. When the shear is too narrow, the spacing of the disc shear is too narrow; The width spread margin of hot rough rolling is insufficient; When adjusting the hot finishing disc shear, the cold shrinkage and shear allowance during shearing are not well considered.
19. Improper shear length or equipment failure.
20. The roll gap values at both ends of the sickle-shaped hot rolling mill roll are different; The tape feeding plate of the guide ruler is not straight, and the two sides of the tape plate extend differently; The roll of hot rolling mill is not preheated well, and the roll type is incorrect; Uneven injection of emulsion or nozzle blockage; When the calender rolls, the plates are not aligned.
2 1. The heating temperature of the cracked ingot is too low, and the cracked edge produced during hot pressing is not completely cut off, and the cracked edge is enlarged after cold rolling; The hot rolled edge is too small, which may cause edge crack; The reduction rate is too large or too small; If the gate part of the ingot is not cut off, it will crack during hot rolling; When trimming, the two sides are cut unevenly, and one side is cut too little, which is easy to cause edge cracking; The annealing quality is not good, and the metal plasticity is not enough; Incorrect placement of aluminum composite plate leads to incomplete aluminum package on one side.
22. The cracked ingot itself cracks or the heating temperature is too high or too low; Improper scrolling rate will lead to compression.
23. The quality of shrinkage cavity casting block is not good.
24. The emulsion for cold rolling with white spots is not clean, or the newly changed emulsion is not evenly stirred.
25 The emulsion was not blown clean during the marking process, so that the emulsion was involved in the cylinder; The thermal finishing temperature is too low and the emulsion concentration is too high; There is water in the air duct, which is blown to the belt plate with the air.
26. The aluminum composite plate layer is dislocated, the aluminum composite plate is not placed correctly, and the metal composite plate and the ingot are dislocated during hot rough rolling; During hot rough rolling, the delivery of cast blocks is incorrect; When welding and rolling, the reduction is too small and there is no welding; The roll edge of aluminum ingot for bread is too large; Trimming and hot finishing are uneven, and one side is cut too little.
27. Slabs or drums that are dented (bruised) during handling or parking; When cold rolling or annealing, the fixture is not well played, the annealing material is not clean, and there are metal objects or protrusions; Hard metal slag or other hard things will be involved in cold rolling.
28. When pine is cold-rolled, the reduction is too large, and the metal slides between the rolls because of the large friction, so it is too late to flow; The concentration of rolling liquid is too large, the fluidity is not good, and it can not be evenly distributed on the surface of strip, and pine will be produced after rolling; Thickness indicator failure; Cold rolling tension is too small.
29. The wavy or sickle shape produced after hot rolling passes through scratches is scratched when passing through the tail feed roller, scissors, three rollers, etc., and the guide plate of the hot rolling mill is scratched; Repeated annealing, loading or handling make the drum loose; Hot-rolled road adhesive aluminum scratches the lath, which is produced after cold rolling; The three rollers and five rollers on the cold rolling mill are stuck or the rotation is invalid, and the aluminum plate is scratched and scratched, which is caused by rolling; The tension of cold rolling and hot rolling is unstable, the tension is not matched, or the coil is not carefully loaded and unloaded, which makes the interlayer dislocation scratch the board surface.
30. Nitrate marks are not cleaned after quenching, and there are nitrate marks on the surface of the plate, which are not cleaned before calendering.
3 1. Metal residue is stuck on the roller of cold rolling mill, or there are traces on the roller, which are printed on the plate surface; Metal chips stuck to the straightening roller, and the roller was not cleaned or cleaned thoroughly. Before straightening, the metal residue fell on the plate, which was caused by straightening.
32. The roller of straightener is not clean, which causes the shearing unit to stick aluminum; When finishing, all multi-roller levelers are easy to stick to the surface of the plate; During hot rolling or cold rolling, the roller sticks to aluminum, which leads to the sticking of the strip.
33. The broken sheets were not handled carefully.
34. After quenching, the plates are scratched by friction, and the plates are bent too much and scratched each other; Inadvertent loading and unloading, or excessive loading, make the plates stagger with each other.
35. Improper tension control during transverse wave cold rolling of thin plate leads to nesting of inner turns of drum during uncoiling; Stop during scrolling.
36. The thickness of aluminum coating is unqualified, and the reduction of hot rolling welding is too large; Tail cutting amount of hot-rolled tail or pre-cutting head is too small; Improper use of aluminum composite plate; The alkali washing time is too long.
37. After oily cold rolling, rolling oil remains on the steel plate.
38. Slip line When the slip line plate is stretched due to excessive stretching, the direction of the slip line (45).
39. The water mark is not cleaned after quenching, but pressed on the board when calendering.
40. Grinding rollers, calendering rollers and straightening rollers with dull surfaces are not smooth enough, and their lubrication performance is not good and they are too dirty.
4 1. Black spots in the process of hot rolling plate, due to the decomposition of high-temperature emulsion and poor lubrication in the rolling process, the decomposition products interact with aluminum powder generated by friction between roller and aluminum plate, resulting in "black spots" mixed in emulsion, which are rolled and pressed on the surface of aluminum plate to form black spots; The emulsion has poor stability, uncleanness and poor lubricity. When prepared with hard water, the emulsion is sprayed unevenly on the roller, and the roller table, sink, oil pipe and oil tank are not clean, which is easy to produce "small black spots".
42. Stripping Due to the poor milling surface quality, the surface of the heated cast block is oxidized, and the poor quality of the cast block itself leads to peeling or block peeling.
43. Delamination During the rolling process, uneven deformation occurs at the end or edge of the strip, which will spread when the rolling continues.