Open classification: encyclopedia, knowledge, cosmetics, beauty and skin care, facial mask.
Hyaluronic acid is a kind of hyaluronic acid (HA), also known as uronic acid. Natural hyaluronic acid is a kind of macromolecular polysaccharide, which is a linear macromolecular polysaccharide with glucuronic acid -N- glucosamine acetate as disaccharide molecular unit. Its average molecular weight is between 6,543.8+10,000 and 6,543.8+10,000 daltons, and it exists in intercellular spaces. Originally used only for moisturizing, it has now been included in the ranks of wrinkle removal and plastic surgery. This plastic surgery technique is to inject hyaluronic acid, which is non-animal stable and cultured by bacterial fermentation, into wrinkles and depressions of dermis or parts that want to be full, to remove wrinkles and modify the face, which can immediately remove wrinkles and change appearance. Hyaluronic acid, which originally exists in the dermal tissue of human skin in the form of colloid, is responsible for storing water, increasing skin volume and making skin look full, plump and elastic. However, hyaluronic acid will disappear with age, making the skin lose its water storage capacity, gradually becoming dull, aging and forming fine wrinkles. Thanks to the progress of biotechnology, hyaluronic acid can be extracted from connective tissues of vertebrates, such as cockscomb, eyeball, umbilical cord and cartilage. In the past, hyaluronic acid was mostly extracted from animals, but now it is artificially synthesized, which avoids problems such as allergies and infections.
Hyaluronic acid is mainly used in the field of medical beauty, and now it has greatly replaced collagen. Placenta and Botox. According to statistics, in 2004, the global hyaluronic acid application market was about $3 billion, with cosmeceuticals, skin care products, additives and therapeutic products accounting for half of the market. Europe, America and Japan are the largest markets for the production and use of hyaluronic acid products, with an estimated annual growth rate of 15%. There are two main methods to produce hyaluronic acid: tissue extraction and microbial fermentation. At present, only five international manufacturers in the world have the technology of producing medical-grade hyaluronic acid by microbial fermentation. In the second half of 2004, the demand for hyaluronic acid in Europe, America and Japan surged, leading to the shortage of raw materials and rising prices. Domestic parties predict that the supply of hyaluronic acid will be in short supply until after 2006.
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Hyaluronic acid: Hyaluronic acid (HA for short) or uronic acid is a linear macromolecular polysaccharide composed of disaccharide units (glucuronic acid -N- ethylthioglucosamine), which is a naturally occurring substance in tissues. Widely distributed in connective tissue, mucous tissue, eyeball lens and some bacteria in nature, it plays an important role in the dermis of human skin, and plays an important role in the overall maintenance of tissue structure and the transportation between cells.
In A.D. 1934, Meyer, a professor of ophthalmology at Columbia University, isolated hyaluronic acid from bovine vitreous for the first time and analyzed its structure. Because it is uronic acid extracted from vitreous (vitreous, Greek), it is named hyaluronic acid. The structure of hyaluronic acid is mainly composed of disaccharide, N- acetylglucosamine (N-D- glucosamine) and D- glucuronic acid (D-), and the average molecular weight is between 105- 107 Dalton. Hyaluronic acid can be said to be a skin moisturizing factor, which can absorb 500- 1000 times the volume, and can only carry 30 times the water compared with collagen molecules. It can be said that it is the most moisturizing substance in today's literature. Hyaluronic acid not only has the characteristics of volume expansion after moisturizing, but also has the characteristics of biological stability, non-transferability, impermeability and so on, and is a good choice for tissue fillers. Hyaluronic acid metabolizes rapidly in nature, so it must be made into polymer if it wants to be used as a filler between tissues. The bonding between molecules not only provides biological durability, but also strengthens the viscosity and water insolubility of hyaluronic acid.
Types of hyaluronic acid
The production process and technology of hyaluronic acid determine the quality difference, so the products produced from the correct source must have therapeutic effect in use. Generally speaking, there are three kinds of refining methods:
1. Animal tissue: The main raw materials are Celosia cristata and bovine vitreous. Defatting raw materials with acetone or ethanol, dehydrating, soaking in distilled water, filtering, treating with sodium chloride aqueous solution and chloroform solution, adding trypsin, and keeping the temperature to obtain a mixture.
Finally, treat with ion exchanger and purify to obtain refined hyaluronic acid. The extraction rate of this method is very low, only about 1%, and the separation process is complicated, which makes hyaluronic acid expensive, reaching 5000 US dollars/kg, which limits its large-scale use in cosmetics.
2. Microbial fermentation: fermentation broth with glucose as carbon source. Fermented in the culture medium for 48 hours, filtered to remove mycelium and impurities, and then obtained high-purity products through simple operations such as alcohol precipitation. Hyaluronic acid produced by fermentation has the advantage that the molecular weight can be set according to the product design. The key of fermentation method lies in the selection of strains. At present, streptococcus, Lactococcus and so on are mostly used.
3. Chemical synthesis: natural enzyme polymerization; Firstly, the polysaccharide polymer was used to synthesize "hyaluronic acid oxocyclopentene derivatives", and then hydrolase was added to make the complex of derivatives and enzymes. Finally, the enzyme was removed from the reaction solution at 90 degrees Celsius, and hyaluronic acid was synthesized. The synthetic method can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost of hyaluronic acid, but the structure is not pure.
It is also a product of hyaluronic acid, which has obvious influence on the effect because of the different sources of raw materials and manufacturing processes. The concentration of the product can not be used as a reference for product selection, but the purity, molecular weight and 3D structure will directly affect the water absorption effect of hyaluronic acid. Generally, the larger the molecular weight, the more complete the network structure and the best water absorption effect. Skin care products and cosmetics are very popular in the market, but hyaluronic acid made by many manufacturers is cheap, but it is not necessarily effective. Even the oral hyaluronic acid promoted by some people will be decomposed into small unit molecules of sugars and amino acids after being absorbed by the stomach, and it can only be produced by self-synthesis in skin and connective tissue, and the effect will definitely be discounted.
Application of hyaluronic acid
At present, hyaluronic acid is mainly used in ophthalmic surgery, that is, high molecular weight hyaluronic acid solution is injected into the eye as a viscoelastic fluid to maintain the normal shape and function of the eyeball. In addition, it is also widely used in the treatment of degenerative arthritis and arthroscopic surgery. In recent years, the application of hyaluronic acid in anti-adhesion and drug release after operation has been gradually developed. After the operation, a large amount of tissue fluid will ooze from the surface of the originally separated tissue, resulting in abnormal adhesion of the tissue.
Taiwan Province Manshenna
Mendina Manina
It is easy to cause pain and intestinal obstruction after abdominal surgery; However, if there is intestinal adhesion in patients undergoing gynecological surgery, it will lead to pelvic pain and even infertility. Hyaluronic acid has also become the hottest topic in skin moisturizing, anti-aging and plastic surgery.
Skin care effect of hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid originally exists in the skin, which can help the skin absorb the moisture on the body and skin surface, and also enhance the skin's long-term water retention ability. When hyaluronic acid absorbs water, elastic fibers and collagen are in a moist environment, so the skin is elastic. However, hyaluronic acid in the skin began to lose after the age of 25, leaving only 65% in infancy at the age of 30 and only 25% at the age of 60. The moisture of the skin will also lose its elasticity and luster with the loss of hyaluronic acid, and wrinkles will appear after a long time.
To keep the skin moist and young, we must pay attention to the functions of blocking water loss, sun protection, hydrophilicity and moisture absorption. Hyaluronic acid has the benefits of the latter two. Hyaluronic acid must have enough water to use, so for dry skin, it is necessary to moisturize the skin first and add a blocking agent for water loss to have a good effect.
Application of hyaluronic acid in plastic surgery
Because of its insolubility, low metabolic rate, high water absorption, high water retention and difficulty in tissue transfer, hyaluronic acid has recently become a hot development in soft tissue filling applications.
Hyaluronic acid, a tissue filler for injection, can often get good results when it is used to correct dermal scars left by trauma or acne. The combination of Botox and hyaluronic acid can be used to treat wrinkles around eyes and eyebrows. In addition, hyaluronic acid also plays a certain role in shaping the obvious lip and nose lines or lip and nose chin. However, before deciding the treatment policy, professional consultation must be conducted by qualified plastic or cosmetic surgeons. Some cases are not suitable for injection of hyaluronic acid, such as wrinkles caused by some skin lesions, irregular skin surface is too shallow, and the skin is too loose. Other more suitable treatment methods should be used.
Generally speaking, the effect of hyaluronic acid injected into the body is about 6-9 months, but this is related to the different injection sites and personal physique. For example, when used for lip plastic surgery, it can last shorter than other facial parts.
At present, hyaluronic acid products available on the market include Hylan Gel (Hylan B, Hylaform), Ial System, Restylane, etc. Different products have different production methods and processes. For details, you should ask a qualified plastic or cosmetic surgeon.
Hyaluronic acid injection is quite safe to use, and the probability of allergy is very low. Generally speaking, you don't need to do skin allergy test first. However, there are still some complications worthy of our attention, such as arterial embolism, fibrosis and granulation tissue formation, local swelling and pain, local hematoma and even infection, patient anxiety and foreign body sensation.
The probability of these occurrences is not high, but it is still worth discussing with doctors. The best way to avoid complications is to find a qualified doctor, do a good job of cooperation and follow-up, slightly ice compress, avoid collision or local hot compress after operation. These are hyaluronic acid, also known as uronic acid and hyaluronic acid, which should be noted. It is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which is an important component of moisturizing in human skin dermis. Its content will decrease with age, resulting in skin aging due to dryness and lack of water, wrinkles, roughness and uneven skin color. Hyaluronic acid can not only keep skin elastic, but also lock a large number of water molecules, which has moisturizing and lubricating effects on tissues.
Second, what is the role of hyaluronic acid?
Water is the source of life, and the aging body will gradually lose water. Hyaluronic acid is the most important substance for water retention in human tissues. The content of hyaluronic acid in human body will decrease with the increase of age, which will cause dry skin and wrinkles. Moisturizing is the first step of skin care. The moisture content of healthy skin should be maintained at about 65,438+0.5 ~ 20%. Hyaluronic acid's moisturizing effect is 1.6 times that of collagen, and its water retention value can reach 1 1,000 cc/g, which is recognized as the best moisturizing product in today's literature. Hyaluronic acid is called "the best moisturizing factor" because it can keep skin healthy for a long time.
Third, why use hyaluronic acid skin care products?
Hyaluronic acid originally exists in human skin. Appropriate supplementation of hyaluronic acid to human skin can not only help the skin absorb a lot of water from the skin surface, but also enhance the skin's long-term water retention ability. After the age of twenty-five, people's skin begins to age, and the hyaluronic acid contained in the skin will gradually lose, leading to the loss of moisture, elasticity and luster, and the skin begins to appear wrinkles, roughness and uneven skin color. Ordinary consumers only pay attention to whitening and wrinkle removal in skin care, but ignore the culprit of the problem-skin water shortage. If you keep your skin hydrated at the age of 25, the problem of skin aging can be suspended or slowed down, and whitening and wrinkle removal can be effective. Only by using the best moisturizing Taiwan Province sugar hyaluronic acid series beauty products can the problem of skin aging be completely solved and skin care be effective.
4. What is the difference between plant hyaluronic acid (such as Lu) and animal hyaluronic acid?
No matter what animal it comes from or any tissue (including human tissue), its chemical composition and structure are the same, so it can be used for medical purposes such as treating arthritis, cataract or preventing tissue adhesion, and because its composition and structure are completely the same as human hyaluronic acid, it will not cause immune rejection. Aloe juice contains mucopolysaccharide (euphemistically called plant hyaluronic acid), which is similar to hyaluronic acid in structure and also has moisturizing effect, but it is not real hyaluronic acid, and its moisturizing effect is not as good as hyaluronic acid, and because of its different structure, it will cause immune rejection, so it cannot be used as medical treatment like hyaluronic acid.
5. Why is hyaluronic acid better than plant hyaluronic acid?
The so-called "plant hyaluronic acid" can not be compared with the moisturizing ability and medical use of real hyaluronic acid. Plant hyaluronic acid (aloe juice) can only provide general moisturizing function like glycerol or sorbitol.
Hyaluronic acid, also known as uronic acid and hyaluronic acid, is a kind of natural polysaccharide and an important component of moisturizing in human skin dermis. Its content will decrease with age, resulting in skin aging due to dryness and lack of water, wrinkles, roughness and uneven skin color. Hyaluronic acid can not only keep skin elastic, but also lock a large number of water molecules, which has moisturizing and lubricating effects on tissues.
Second, what is the role of hyaluronic acid?
Water is the source of life, and the aging body will gradually lose water. Hyaluronic acid is the most important substance for water retention in human tissues. The content of hyaluronic acid in human body will decrease with the increase of age, which will cause dry skin and wrinkles. Moisturizing is the first step of skin care. The moisture content of healthy skin should be maintained at about 65,438+0.5 ~ 20%. Hyaluronic acid's moisturizing effect is 1.6 times that of collagen, and its water retention value can reach 1 1,000 cc/g, which is recognized as the best moisturizing product in today's literature. Hyaluronic acid is called "the best moisturizing factor" because it can keep skin healthy for a long time.
Third, why use hyaluronic acid skin care products?
Hyaluronic acid originally exists in human skin. Appropriate supplementation of hyaluronic acid to human skin can not only help the skin absorb a lot of water from the skin surface, but also enhance the skin's long-term water retention ability. After the age of twenty-five, people's skin begins to age, and the hyaluronic acid contained in the skin will gradually lose, leading to the loss of moisture, elasticity and luster, and the skin begins to appear wrinkles, roughness and uneven skin color. Ordinary consumers only pay attention to whitening and wrinkle removal in skin care, but ignore the culprit of the problem-skin water shortage. If you keep your skin hydrated at the age of 25, the problem of skin aging can be suspended or slowed down, and whitening and wrinkle removal can be effective. Only by using the best moisturizing Taiwan Province sugar hyaluronic acid series beauty products can the problem of skin aging be completely solved and skin care be effective.
4. What is the difference between plant hyaluronic acid (such as Lu) and animal hyaluronic acid?
No matter what animal it comes from or any tissue (including human tissue), its chemical composition and structure are the same, so it can be used for medical purposes such as treating arthritis, cataract or preventing tissue adhesion, and because its composition and structure are completely the same as human hyaluronic acid, it will not cause immune rejection. Aloe juice contains mucopolysaccharide (euphemistically called plant hyaluronic acid), which is similar to hyaluronic acid in structure and also has
It has moisturizing effect, but it is not real hyaluronic acid, and its moisturizing performance is not as good as hyaluronic acid. Because of its different structure, it will cause immune rejection, so it can not be used as medical like hyaluronic acid.
5. Why is hyaluronic acid better than plant hyaluronic acid?
The so-called "plant hyaluronic acid" can not be compared with the moisturizing ability and medical use of real hyaluronic acid. Plant hyaluronic acid (aloe juice) can only provide general moisturizing like glycerol or sorbitol.