Maintenance and management of osmanthus trees: Next, the common knowledge of daily maintenance and management of osmanthus trees, fertilization technology of osmanthus trees, matters needing attention in greening projects, winter pruning of French phoenix trees and how to spend the dormant period of osmanthus trees in winter are introduced.
Common sense of maintenance and management of osmanthus trees
Attention should be paid to pruning when transplanting, and the crown must be trimmed to varying degrees to ensure the balance of water metabolism.
After transplanting, wrap the trunk with straw rope or film to keep it moist until the tree survives. Because the skin of osmanthus tree is thin, water is easily lost through the skin, which can avoid direct sunlight and dry and hot wind to reduce water evaporation and protect the water in the tree before the new roots grow. 5. After transplanting, it is best to fix the big seedlings with shoring wood to prevent the roots from loosening. Planting pits should be large, river sand should be paved to separate saline-alkali land and backfill soil. After planting, water supply must be guaranteed.
Key points of maintenance osmanthus trees have strong adaptability and extensive management, and do not need special care. Its maintenance can refer to other maintenance methods of deciduous trees in the north, but the following points should be paid attention to in daily maintenance: 1. Although osmanthus trees have strong adaptability in our region, they do not grow well in the soil with high saline-alkali content and poor water permeability, which not only affects the survival rate, but also tends to turn yellow. It should be improved by changing soil, pulling sand and pressing alkali. It is necessary to dig a big tree pit and lay river sand under it to isolate salt and alkali. 2. The contradiction between water demand of trees and grass affects the growth of osmanthus trees. In landscape design, not only trees but also grass should be planted in green space, so the water demand is different. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging. After entering August every year, it is necessary to gradually control the water for wintering, but the lawn grass must not lose water, otherwise it will wither. However, if watering is continued until June 10, the root neck will be frozen, extending from the root neck to 30 ~ 40 cm in the shape of the Yangtze River Delta, and the bark will turn black and dry. And it will become the entrance for germs and pests to invade.
Therefore, it is necessary to control water in autumn. In daily management, the temperature in our district rose rapidly after entering May, and the air was very dry after entering June. Rising temperature, scorching sun and dry hot wind are easy to cause physiological diseases of osmanthus trees, so it is essential to water and moisturize the trees. Only in this way can the survival rate of osmanthus trees be guaranteed.
Fertilization techniques of osmanthus trees
It is an important link to cultivate strong osmanthus seedlings and implement fertilization in nursery. When applying fertilizer during the growth period of seedlings, quick-acting fertilizers or decomposed organic fertilizers are often used to supply various nutrients needed by seedlings in different growth periods in time to meet the growth needs of seedlings.
Fertilize according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand of seedlings in different growth periods. Seedling growth is generally divided into four stages: seedling stage, seedling stage, fast-growing stage and seedling hardening stage. The nutrient source of seedlings at seedling stage mainly depends on the nutrients stored in seeds. Seedlings at seedling stage are sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus. Trim nitrogen fertilizer is generally used to promote seedling protection and root growth. The fast-growing period is the most vigorous period of seedling growth, and the demand for fertilizer and water is the greatest. The amount and frequency of nitrogen fertilizer can be increased, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in proportion to promote nitrogen absorption and seedling growth. During the hardening period when the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings are gradually lignified, it is necessary to prevent overgrowth, stop fertilization and improve the stress resistance of seedlings.
Select the appropriate fertilizer type. Topdressing generally uses quick-acting fertilizer or decomposed human excrement and urine. The quick-acting fertilizers used in nursery land include urea, ferric sulfate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate. All fertilizers must be ground into powder, not used in blocks. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be used in the nursery where grass flowers are planted, because this fertilizer is volatile, especially at high temperature, and the ammonia gas emitted is easy to burn the leaves of grass flowers seedlings. If a large amount of ammonium bicarbonate is applied, it will also make the seedlings tender and reduce the stress resistance.
Select the appropriate fertilization method. Topdressing of seedlings can be divided into dry application and wet application. The dry application method is to apply chemical fertilizer in furrow, and the depth of furrow application should be in the root distribution layer, around the fibrous roots and not near the cadres. For seedlings with developed roots and far distribution, fertilization should be deep and wide, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Ginkgo biloba, Albizia Albizia and Ailanthus altissima. For seedlings with shallow roots, such as flowering shrubs and osmanthus trees, fertilization should be shallow and the scope should be small. Wet application method is to mix fertilizer and water into fertilizer solution and apply it evenly to the nursery. When applying fertilizer, we should master the characteristics of fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer has strong fluidity in soil, and it penetrates into the root distribution layer when applied shallowly, so it is easily absorbed by seedlings. The mobility of potassium fertilizer is poor, and the mobility of phosphorus fertilizer is even worse. It is appropriate to apply it deeply where the root system of seedlings is most distributed. When fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency is slow, so it should be applied deeply; Topdressing works quickly, so it should be applied lightly. Determine the frequency and amount of fertilization according to the weather conditions. High temperature, more fertilizer absorption; The temperature is low and the seedlings absorb less. When the weather is sunny and the soil is dry, fertilization is beneficial to the absorption of seedlings. In rainy days, because the roots of seedlings absorb water slowly, not only nutrients are not easily absorbed, but also fertilizers are easily washed away by rain, resulting in waste.
Seed seedling and fertilization. Fertilization measures are mainly determined according to seedling species, seedling age, seedling density and growth potential. For example, conifers need more nitrogen and less phosphorus than broadleaf trees. Generally, annual seedlings need more nitrogen and phosphorus in the early growth stage to promote the growth and development of young roots; The fast-growing period needs a lot of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; In the late growth stage, potassium is the main factor to promote the lignification of young stems, and phosphorus is the auxiliary factor. Compared with seedbed seedling, container seedling can not be applied with base fertilizer, otherwise the seedlings will die if the concentration of some elements is too high. Generally, only a proper amount of compost is applied, and the effect of topdressing is also good, that is, quick-acting fertilizer is applied with container seedlings. Fertilization of container seedlings is usually to make a mixed fertilizer containing a certain proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into an aqueous solution according to the concentration of 1∶200, and spray or water the roots through an irrigation system.
Topdressing outside the roots. Topdressing outside the root is to spray the solution of quick-acting fertilizer directly on the leaves of growing seedlings, so that the fertilizer solution gradually penetrates into the leaves and synthesizes the nutrients urgently needed for seedling growth. Generally, young leaves are older, and the back of leaves absorbs water faster than the surface of leaves, and the absorption rate is also high. So when spraying cloth, you must spray the back of the leaves evenly. Among seedling fertilizers, commonly used foliar fertilizers include urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and various foliar fertilizers. When using, the concentration should be strictly controlled to avoid burning the leaves. It is best to spray on cloudy days or before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm, so as to avoid the rapid concentration of the solution due to high temperature, which will affect the spraying effect or cause phytotoxicity.
Matters needing attention in pruning osmanthus trees in greening projects
Spring is the best period for planting green osmanthus trees, and it is also the decisive period for engineering greening maintenance and management. But planting osmanthus trees in spring should pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Prune osmanthus trees. Pruning can beautify the tree type, balance the tree potential, improve the environment, adjust the ventilation and light transmission of trees and the distribution of soil nutrients, adjust the relationship between plant communities, prevent natural disasters, reduce pests and diseases, improve the vitality of trees and promote their vigorous growth. Early spring pruning is a supplementary continuation of winter pruning, mainly to adjust the tree potential and try to carry out it before the trees germinate.
Second, planting osmanthus trees in time. After the soil is thawed, it is necessary to seize the opportunity immediately, implement the seedling source, make all the preliminary preparations, and choose osmanthus trees of the same variety and specifications for planting. When planting, seedlings should be dug, transported, planted and watered to improve the survival rate of trees. After the bare-rooted seedlings are dug, they should be dipped in mud to protect the roots in time to ensure that the roots will not lose too much water during transportation. After planting seedlings, maintenance management should be strengthened to ensure the survival rate.
Winter pruning of osmanthus trees
Plastic pruning in winter has an important influence on the growth and shape of osmanthus trees. If it is not pruned in time and reasonably in winter, the tree shape will be chaotic, the main branches will be long, and the leaves will be few or low, which will greatly reduce its ornamental value and shading effect. Timely and reasonable pruning can make the tree majestic, tall and straight, beautiful, with dense and symmetrical branches and thick green leaves, and enhance the natural immunity of the tree in a short time.
The winter pruning of osmanthus trees can be carried out before the leaves of osmanthus trees fall off in autumn and winter, the soil freezes and the trees sleep until the juice flows out in the next spring. For newly planted young trees, when the stem is as high as 2.5 to 3 meters, it is called "fixed stem" pruning, which can determine the future cultivation direction according to the overall observation of the whole tree. First, cut the upright branches and drooping branches, then cut the branches of diseases and pests, cross branches, weak branches, inward branches and branches that affect traffic facilities, and finally leave 3 ~ 4 strong main branches. The main branches should be conducive to plastic surgery in the future, grow strong and have moderate angles. After selecting the main branch, cut it short by 30-40 cm near the base, the incision should be smooth and not damage the bark, and the incision should be coated with protective agent to avoid pests and water transpiration. Smoothing wounds can also promote callus formation, which is beneficial to wound healing and prevent bacterial infection. The wound protection agent can be wax, white paint, tung oil or paint.
Young trees grow every 3-4 years and are cut once in winter. Generally, 3-4 main branches preserved for the first time can be basically unchanged, and then 1-2 robust branchlets can be retained on each main branch, and the length can be 20-30 cm when cut short. The lateral branches on the branchlets can be retained according to the specific situation. For example, when the communication line near the tree is not high, only 3 ~ 4 short main branches left during the first drying can be kept, which can reduce the height of the whole tree and increase the transparency of the branches without affecting their growth and keep the tree shape well.
For the shaped osmanthus trees, they should be fully pruned every winter. Pay attention to cultivating the advantages of main branches, and cut off pests and diseases, erect branches, overlapping branches, densely clustered branches and side branches. Retract the long main branches, stimulate the branches and leaves at the base of the main branches and side branches, prevent baldness and ensure a thick leaf curtain layer.
Osmanthus fragrans has strong germination ability and is very resistant to pruning. If the pruning is reasonable, the beautiful shape of the tree can be maintained. If the pruning is unreasonable, it can also be made up in time in the next pruning to achieve its due tree-like effect.
How to spend the winter dormancy period of osmanthus trees
In winter, in order to make osmanthus trees pass the dormancy period smoothly and cultivate vigorous tree vigor, the maintenance should be strengthened from the following aspects. The first is to add base fertilizer. Apply 6-7 cubic meters of decomposed ring fertilizer, compost and soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu.
In addition, in the early stage of osmanthus trees, especially in the rainy period from June to August, topdressing should be done once a month, and watering should be done immediately after fertilization to give full play to fertilizer efficiency. Followed by pruning and shaping. Every winter, the branches with vigorous growth should be retracted and trimmed in time, and the branches with pests and diseases, overlapping branches and upright branches should be cut off in time to make the crown compact, plump, full and beautiful. Prune once every one to two years after the tree is formed to avoid star hair pollution. The big wound caused by pruning should be sealed with oily soft solid "callus antiseptic film" in time to prevent the wound from being infected with germs, prevent pests from entering the wound to overwinter and cause harm in the coming year, suffocate pests on trees and eliminate their wintering sites. The key is to keep warm and prevent freezing. The climate changes abnormally in winter, which is prone to frost.
Therefore, the protective agent "Tree Protection General" is sprayed on the trunk and branches of osmanthus trees after defoliation, so that the trees form a protective film to protect them from freezing injury. In addition, it can suffocate and disinfect to prevent all kinds of damage to the cortex. In early spring, the general tree protector is sprayed on the trees to prevent overwintering pests and diseases from landing on the trees, which is suitable for protecting all kinds of trees.
Osmanthus fragrans is easy to raise, as long as there is enough water and fertilizer, it will grow well.
Maintenance and management of osmanthus trees: Next, the common knowledge of daily maintenance and management of osmanthus trees, fertilization techniques of osmanthus trees, matters needing attention in greening projects, winter pruning of French phoenix trees and how to spend the winter dormancy period of osmanthus trees are introduced.
Common sense of maintenance and management of osmanthus trees
Attention should be paid to pruning when transplanting, and the crown must be trimmed to varying degrees to ensure the balance of water metabolism.
After transplanting, wrap the trunk with straw rope or film to keep it moist until the tree survives. Because the skin of osmanthus tree is thin, water is easily lost through the skin, which can avoid direct sunlight and dry and hot wind to reduce water evaporation and protect the water in the tree before the new roots grow. 5. After transplanting, it is best to fix the big seedlings with shoring wood to prevent the roots from loosening. Planting pits should be large, river sand should be paved to separate saline-alkali land and backfill soil. After planting, water supply must be guaranteed.
Key points of maintenance osmanthus trees have strong adaptability and extensive management, and do not need special care. Its maintenance can refer to other maintenance methods of deciduous trees in the north, but the following points should be paid attention to in daily maintenance: 1. Although osmanthus trees have strong adaptability in our region, they do not grow well in the soil with high saline-alkali content and poor water permeability, which not only affects the survival rate, but also tends to turn yellow. It should be improved by changing soil, pulling sand and pressing alkali. It is necessary to dig a big tree pit and lay river sand under it to isolate salt and alkali. 2. The contradiction between water demand of trees and grass affects the growth of osmanthus trees. In landscape design, not only trees but also grass should be planted in green space, so the water demand is different. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging. After entering August every year, it is necessary to gradually control the water for wintering, but the lawn grass must not lose water, otherwise it will wither. However, if watering is continued until June 10, the root neck will be frozen, extending from the root neck to 30 ~ 40 cm in the shape of the Yangtze River Delta, and the bark will turn black and dry. And it will become the entrance for germs and pests to invade.
Therefore, it is necessary to control water in autumn. In daily management, the temperature in our district rose rapidly after entering May, and the air was very dry after entering June. Rising temperature, scorching sun and dry hot wind are easy to cause physiological diseases of osmanthus trees, so it is essential to water and moisturize the trees. Only in this way can the survival rate of osmanthus trees be guaranteed.
Fertilization techniques of osmanthus trees
It is an important link to cultivate strong osmanthus seedlings and implement fertilization in nursery. When applying fertilizer during the growth period of seedlings, quick-acting fertilizers or decomposed organic fertilizers are often used to supply various nutrients needed by seedlings in different growth periods in time to meet the growth needs of seedlings.
Fertilize according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand of seedlings in different growth periods. Seedling growth is generally divided into four stages: seedling stage, seedling stage, fast-growing stage and seedling hardening stage. The nutrient source of seedlings at seedling stage mainly depends on the nutrients stored in seeds. Seedlings at seedling stage are sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus, and applying nitrogen fertilizer is mainly to promote seedling protection and root growth. The fast-growing period is the most vigorous period of seedling growth, and the demand for fertilizer and water is the greatest. The amount and frequency of nitrogen fertilizer can be increased, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in proportion to promote nitrogen absorption and seedling growth. During the hardening period when the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings are gradually lignified, it is necessary to prevent overgrowth, stop fertilization and improve the stress resistance of seedlings.
Select the appropriate fertilizer type. Topdressing generally uses quick-acting fertilizer or decomposed human excrement and urine. The quick-acting fertilizers used in nursery land include urea, ferric sulfate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate. All fertilizers must be ground into powder, not used in blocks. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be used in the nursery where grass flowers are planted, because this fertilizer is volatile, especially at high temperature, and the ammonia gas emitted is easy to burn the leaves of grass flowers seedlings. If a large amount of ammonium bicarbonate is applied, it will also make the seedlings tender and reduce the stress resistance.
Select the appropriate fertilization method. Topdressing of seedlings can be divided into dry application and wet application. The dry application method is to apply chemical fertilizer in furrow, and the depth of furrow application should be in the root distribution layer, around the fibrous roots and not near the cadres. For seedlings with developed roots and far distribution, fertilization should be deep and wide, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Ginkgo biloba, Albizia Albizia and Ailanthus altissima. For seedlings with shallow roots, such as flowering shrubs and osmanthus trees, fertilization should be shallow and the scope should be small. Wet application method is to mix fertilizer and water into fertilizer solution and apply it evenly to the nursery. When applying fertilizer, we should master the characteristics of fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer has strong fluidity in soil, and it penetrates into the root distribution layer when applied shallowly, so it is easily absorbed by seedlings. The mobility of potassium fertilizer is poor, and the mobility of phosphorus fertilizer is even worse. It is appropriate to apply it deeply where the root system of seedlings is most distributed. When fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency is slow, so it should be applied deeply; Topdressing works quickly, so it should be applied lightly. Determine the frequency and amount of fertilization according to the weather conditions. High temperature, more fertilizer absorption; The temperature is low and the seedlings absorb less. When the weather is sunny and the soil is dry, fertilization is beneficial to the absorption of seedlings. In rainy days, because the roots of seedlings absorb water slowly, not only nutrients are not easily absorbed, but also fertilizers are easily washed away by rain, resulting in waste.
Seed seedling and fertilization. Fertilization measures are mainly determined according to seedling species, seedling age, seedling density and growth potential. For example, conifers need more nitrogen and less phosphorus than broadleaf trees. Generally, annual seedlings need more nitrogen and phosphorus in the early growth stage to promote the growth and development of young roots; The fast-growing period needs a lot of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; In the late growth stage, potassium is the main factor to promote the lignification of young stems, and phosphorus is the auxiliary factor. Compared with seedbed seedling, container seedling can not be applied with base fertilizer, otherwise the seedlings will die if the concentration of some elements is too high. Generally, only a proper amount of compost is applied, and the effect of topdressing is also good, that is, quick-acting fertilizer is applied with container seedlings. Fertilization of container seedlings is usually to make a mixed fertilizer containing a certain proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into an aqueous solution according to the concentration of 1∶200, and spray or water the roots through an irrigation system.
Topdressing outside the roots. Topdressing outside the root is to spray the solution of quick-acting fertilizer directly on the leaves of growing seedlings, so that the fertilizer solution gradually penetrates into the leaves and synthesizes the nutrients urgently needed for seedling growth. Generally, young leaves are older, and the back of leaves absorbs water faster than the surface of leaves, and the absorption rate is also high. So when spraying cloth, you must spray the back of the leaves evenly. Among seedling fertilizers, commonly used foliar fertilizers include urea, Trim mineral potassium dihydrogen phosphate and various foliar fertilizers. When using, the concentration should be strictly controlled to avoid burning the leaves. It is best to spray on cloudy days or before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm, so as to avoid the rapid concentration of the solution due to high temperature, which will affect the spraying effect or cause phytotoxicity.
Matters needing attention in pruning osmanthus trees in greening projects
Spring is the best period for planting green osmanthus trees, and it is also the decisive period for engineering greening maintenance and management. But planting osmanthus trees in spring should pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Prune osmanthus trees. Pruning can beautify the tree type, balance the tree potential, improve the environment, adjust the ventilation and light transmission of trees and the distribution of soil nutrients, adjust the relationship between plant communities, prevent natural disasters, reduce pests and diseases, improve the vitality of trees and promote their vigorous growth. Early spring pruning is a supplementary continuation of winter pruning, mainly to adjust the tree potential and try to carry out it before the trees germinate.
Second, planting osmanthus trees in time. After the soil is thawed, it is necessary to seize the opportunity immediately, implement the seedling source, make all the preliminary preparations, and choose osmanthus trees of the same variety and specifications for planting. When planting, seedlings should be dug, transported, planted and watered to improve the survival rate of trees. After the bare-rooted seedlings are dug, they should be dipped in mud to protect the roots in time to ensure that the roots will not lose too much water during transportation. After planting seedlings, maintenance management should be strengthened to ensure the survival rate.
Winter pruning of osmanthus trees
Plastic pruning in winter has an important influence on the growth and shape of osmanthus trees. If it is not pruned in time and reasonably in winter, the tree shape will be chaotic, the main branches will be long, and the leaves will be few or low, which will greatly reduce its ornamental value and shading effect. Timely and reasonable pruning can make the tree majestic, tall and straight, beautiful, with dense and symmetrical branches and thick green leaves, and enhance the natural immunity of the tree in a short time.
The winter pruning of osmanthus trees can be carried out before the leaves of osmanthus trees fall off in autumn and winter, the soil freezes and the trees sleep until the juice flows out in the next spring. For newly planted young trees, when the stem is as high as 2.5 to 3 meters, it is called "fixed stem" pruning, which can determine the future cultivation direction according to the overall observation of the whole tree. First, cut the upright branches and drooping branches, then cut the branches of diseases and pests, cross branches, weak branches, inward branches and branches that affect traffic facilities, and finally leave 3 ~ 4 strong main branches. The main branches should be conducive to plastic surgery in the future, grow strong and have moderate angles. After selecting the main branch, cut it short by 30-40 cm near the base, the incision should be smooth and not damage the bark, and the incision should be coated with protective agent to avoid pests and water transpiration. Smoothing wounds can also promote callus formation, which is beneficial to wound healing and prevent bacterial infection. The wound protection agent can be wax, white paint, tung oil or paint.
Young trees grow every 3-4 years and are cut once in winter. Generally, 3-4 main branches preserved for the first time can be basically unchanged, and then 1-2 robust branchlets can be retained on each main branch, and the length can be 20-30 cm when cut short. The lateral branches on the branchlets can be retained according to the specific situation. For example, when the communication line near the tree is not high, only 3 ~ 4 short main branches left during the first drying can be kept, which can reduce the height of the whole tree and increase the transparency of the branches without affecting their growth and keep the tree shape well.
For the shaped osmanthus trees, they should be fully pruned every winter. Pay attention to cultivating the advantages of main branches, and cut off pests and diseases, erect branches, overlapping branches, densely clustered branches and side branches. Retract the long main branches, stimulate the branches and leaves at the base of the main branches and side branches, prevent baldness and ensure a thick leaf curtain layer.
Osmanthus fragrans has strong germination ability and is very resistant to pruning. If the pruning is reasonable, the beautiful shape of the tree can be maintained. If the pruning is unreasonable, it can also be made up in time in the next pruning to achieve its due tree-like effect.
How to spend the winter dormancy period of osmanthus trees
In winter, in order to make osmanthus trees pass the dormancy period smoothly and cultivate vigorous tree vigor, the maintenance should be strengthened from the following aspects. The first is to add base fertilizer. Apply 6-7 cubic meters of decomposed ring fertilizer, compost and soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu.
In addition, in the early stage of osmanthus trees, especially in the rainy period from June to August, topdressing should be done once a month, and watering should be done immediately after fertilization to give full play to fertilizer efficiency. Followed by pruning and shaping. Every winter, the branches with vigorous growth should be retracted and trimmed in time, and the branches with pests and diseases, overlapping branches and upright branches should be cut off in time to make the crown compact, plump, full and beautiful. Prune once every one to two years after the tree is formed to avoid star hair pollution. The big wound caused by pruning should be sealed with oily soft solid "callus antiseptic film" in time to prevent the wound from being infected with germs, prevent pests from entering the wound to overwinter and cause harm in the coming year, suffocate pests on trees and eliminate their wintering sites. The key is to keep warm and prevent freezing. The climate changes abnormally in winter, which is prone to frost.
Therefore, the protective agent "Tree Protection General" is sprayed on the trunk and branches of osmanthus trees after defoliation, so that the trees form a protective film to protect them from freezing injury. In addition, it can suffocate and disinfect to prevent all kinds of damage to the cortex. In early spring, the general tree protector is sprayed on the trees to prevent overwintering pests and diseases from landing on the trees, which is suitable for protecting all kinds of trees.