Nursery land should be located in the lee of the sun, with convenient transportation, convenient irrigation and drainage, and complete ditches, roads, canals and electricity. For sandy soil or loam with flat terrain, deep and fertile soil layer, good drainage and sufficient sunlight, the groundwater level should be below1.5m.
Soil tillage treatment
1, soil preparation
Before seedling raising, the nursery should be carefully prepared, intensively cultivated, weed and tree roots removed, soil improved, fertility improved, soil moisture maintained, and environment created for seedling growth. In winter fallow land, three plows and three rakes should be used, with the tillage depth of 25~30cm, and in spring fallow land, two plows and two rakes should be used, with the tillage depth of 20cm.
2. Soil improvement and treatment
(1) Soil improvement: organic fertilizer should be applied to barren soil year by year, lime, plant ash and bone meal should be applied to acidic soil, acidic fertilizer should be applied to alkaline soil, sandy loam should be mixed with cohesive soil, and burnt soil should be added to sandy soil. '
(2) Soil treatment: Before seedling raising, the soil should be disinfected and killed. During sterilization, 300~450kg/hm2 of ferrous sulfate or 22.5~30kg/hm2 of zineb can be applied 20 days before planting, and a proper amount of fine soil can be mixed to make toxic soil and scattered in the soil. Insecticide Fine soil can be mixed with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 20kg/hm2 to make toxic soil, which can be scattered in the soil.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer
Before planting, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 15000~30000kg/hm2, or decomposed cake fertilizer 1500~2250kg/hm2, and phosphate fertilizer or compound fertilizer 375~750kg/hm2, and apply it into the plough layer in combination with ploughing.
Step 4 make the bed
The specifications of seedbed depend on management requirements and land conditions. General seedbed width 100~ 120cm, bed height 20~30cm, aisle width 45~50cm, seedbed length as the case may be, generally 10~20m. It is best to make a bed in the east-west direction, with a flat bed surface and a center higher than both sides to avoid local water accumulation.
Step 5 weed
After making the bed, spray Hennessy1125 ~1350 mg/hm2 on the soil surface (bed and walkway) to kill weed seeds. The soil should be kept moist before and after spraying to ensure the efficacy. Pay attention to drainage when it rains after application to avoid phytotoxicity. The propagation of coral trees mainly depends on cutting or sowing.
Cutting propagation method
It can be carried out all year round, especially in spring and autumn, with fast rooting and high survival rate; The main method is to select thick and straight stems, cut mature branches with the length of 15~20cm in May ~ June, insert them in seedbeds or sand beds, and take root after 20 ~ 30 days; Transplant to nursery in autumn.
When inserting the seedbed, spray water on the seedbed. Spraying water 5-6 times a day at 1 week after cutting, each time for 10 minute; Spray water 3-4 times a day in the second week; After the 3rd and 4th weeks, according to the weather conditions, increase or decrease the number of water sprays per day, so as to keep the air humidity in the bed above 90%, the substrate temperature at 20-25℃, the air temperature at 25-30℃ and the initial shearing time at 0.650.
sow seeds
Seed collection in August, autumn sowing or spring sowing in sand storage in winter of the following year, and seedlings can germinate 30 ~ 40 days after sowing.
transplant
From March to April every year, the dug seedlings are transplanted with soil, and the big seedlings need to be transplanted with soil balls and must be transplanted with the seedlings. Be sure to fully water and water after transplantation. In case of a dry year, you must water it frequently to ensure survival. After survival, topdressing 1~2 times can promote seedling growth. In addition, special attention should be paid to the annual plastic trimming, which can be carried out according to the requirements of green walls, hedges, green doors and green corridors. Potted corals can be transplanted into pots, and then daily management work such as watering, topdressing, pruning and shaping can be carried out. irrigate
Coral trees grow vigorously and absorb a lot of water, so it is advisable to choose fertile and moist soil for cultivation. After the initial planting, you should water your feet, and then water or irrigate them appropriately according to the soil or weather conditions. Irrigation should be flexibly mastered according to the local climate, site conditions, soil moisture and seedling growth, and methods such as pouring, spraying and irrigation ditch water can be used in the morning and evening. Seedlings should be watered several times in April-May in the early growth stage, once in June-August in the fast growth stage, and irrigation should be controlled in the late growth stage, except for special drought, which is generally not watered.
Weeding and loosening soil
Weeding should master the principles of early weeding, small weeding, weeding and no harm to seedlings, and leave weeds in the nursery. Manual weeding should be carried out after rain or water drying. Actively promote chemical weeding, roundup or glyphosate can be used in the aisle, but it should be prevented from spraying on the seedlings. Gramineae weeds are tender in the early stage, so Gaicaoneng or Jingcaoke can be used. If it is the first time to use herbicides, try them before use to avoid phytotoxicity. Combined with weeding and loosening soil, the soil is loosened from shallow to deep 4-6 times a year, which is shallow near the roots of seedlings and between 5 plants and deep between rows.
Fertilize soil or land
In rainy season, about 750kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer and 300kg/hm2 of urea can be deeply applied. In the future, urea can be applied several times from May to August every year, and the supply of water and fertilizer is sufficient and the growth is vigorous.
Plastic trimming
Coral trees have strong germination ability, can naturally form a barrel crown, and the lower branches are not easy to die, so they are generally not pruned. If hedgerows are used, they should be trimmed 2-3 times before germination in spring and during the growing season. disease
Coral root rot and black rot can be controlled by spraying or gavage with 10% antibacterial agent 40 1 acetic acid solution 1000 times, and stem rot, leaf spot and angular spot can be controlled by spraying with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times.
insect pest
The main pests of coral trees are scale insects and thorn moths, such as scale insects, scale insects, mealybugs and flat thorn moths.
1, artificial control
Combined with pruning in winter or early spring, the branches with insects are cut off and burned to reduce the population base of overwintering insects. For scale insects on individual branches or leaves, gently brush them off with a soft brush, or kill them with a brush dipped in kerosene. The stickleback moth can use the phototaxis of adults to trap and kill them by setting a black light.
2. Drug control
During the incubation period of the first instar (February-April every year), scale insects can be sprayed with contact insecticides, such as 2.5% deltamethrin (diphtheria) 3000-5000 times, 80% dichlorvos EC, 50% chlorpyrifos EC 3000 times, etc. And then spray 1 time every 7 ~ 8 days. During the wax-secreting period of parasitic insects (February-April every year), the skin should be scraped off and dried with internal absorbent, or root-applied and watered. The commonly used medicine is 5- 10 times of 50% zinc-phosphorus EC. Moth larvae have weak resistance to pesticides and can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon, 80% dichlorvos EC and 50% zinc and phosphorus EC 1500~2000 times. Can also spray 5000 times of pyrethroid pesticides. Spraying 20% triadimefon wettable powder 1000 times solution can control spiders, and spraying 5% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times solution can control aphids, leafhoppers and scale insects.