Landscaping project is to create a beautiful and natural recreational landscape in a certain area by using modern architectural technology and artistic means, by transforming the terrain, planting flowers and trees, creating architectural sketches, and arranging garden roads. Compared with other projects, the construction object of landscaping project is living green plants, so we should not only do a good job in quality control during construction, but also do a good job in later maintenance management to create a good living space for green plants. The engineering structure is complex, there are many construction links, and the types of work are complex and diverse. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the technical characteristics of landscaping construction, it is of positive practical significance to do a good job in construction and maintenance management to improve the quality of landscape engineering.
1 Construction and maintenance characteristics of landscape gardening and greening
(1) Overall structural design. Landscaping is an important part of garden environment construction, and it is also its core work content. Landscaping project is the design, construction and maintenance work under the overall design intention of the garden. The design and construction of landscaping is the basis of greening project, which needs to be matched with urban topography, water system, climate, squares, garden roads and garden buildings. This requires that the construction design of landscaping should have the overall concept, grasp the design intention as a whole, combine the landscaping project with the regional natural landscape, and comprehensively use the theoretical knowledge and methods of botany, aesthetics, psychology and ecology to organize and manage the landscaping design and construction. (2) The construction process is distributed. Compared with other projects, landscape greening projects are mainly presented in the form of related packages. The scale of landscaping projects is generally small, and the construction sites are scattered all over the country. The decentralized construction process increases the quality management, supervision and quality inspection of the construction process. Therefore, the problems existing in the construction of landscaping projects are: insufficient attention, the construction party will blindly reduce costs, and the management is not standardized enough, which will lay a quality hidden danger for the whole landscaping construction. In addition, decentralized construction will consume a lot of energy of project supervision, making it difficult to supervise effectively, and the phenomenon of cutting corners often occurs. (3) the artistry of the construction achievements. First of all, landscape architecture emphasizes that the design and construction results of gardens should reflect "landscape", that is, artistry. The achievements of garden construction should bring beautiful and comfortable visual enjoyment and experience to the citizens, so that the citizens living around them can experience the artistic achievements created by flowers, jungles, lotus ponds, strange pines and strange rocks, and have the feeling of being in the landscape painting. Therefore, the construction of landscape architecture should attach importance to the construction of sketches, landscapes, plant configurations, etc., so as to make it a closely related and mutually set off whole. (4) Long-term maintenance management. "Three points, seven points." The maintenance and management of landscape engineering plays an important role in the whole landscape engineering construction, and the maintenance and management is a long-term and continuous work. It also requires higher construction technical requirements and management requirements. The maintenance and management of landscaping projects need to be grasped from the aspects of landscape maintenance, plant maintenance, binding and pruning, watering and fertilization, environmental cleaning and daily management. It can be seen that the construction of landscaping is not achieved overnight, but a process that needs long-term maintenance and management. In order to achieve the perfect landscape effect of urban gardens, high-level and high-quality maintenance management is needed.
2 Landscaping construction quality management
The construction quality of landscaping project is the key and core factor affecting the quality of the whole landscaping project, and it is also the key to whether the landscaping project can achieve the expected purpose. Therefore, we should actively do a good job in the construction quality management of landscaping projects. Specifically, three enhancements should be made: (1) Strengthening project quality management. Engineering quality is the key to the construction effect of the whole landscaping project. It is necessary to comprehensively control the quality management of the whole process of landscaping construction and ensure that the process quality meets the construction technical requirements. For example, landscaping projects include architectural sketches, earthwork, green planting, garden road laying, water and electricity installation and other comprehensive projects. Engineering quality management should run through the whole construction process, make it conform to quality inspection and national construction engineering specifications, and carry out construction in strict accordance with construction drawings, design requirements and the requirements of the owner. In addition, we must strictly control the quality of materials and equipment, especially the quality of greening materials, to ensure the survival rate and aesthetics of planted seedlings. From the procurement of greening plants, quality is the first priority, and from the details of avoiding bad weather and mastering planting progress, special technicians are arranged to supervise and ensure the quality of the project. (2) Strengthen the management of engineering process. Whether the selection of construction technology is appropriate and whether the technology is scientific and reasonable will directly affect the quality of landscaping construction. It is necessary to strengthen the management of landscaping technology. Before construction, it is necessary to organize the backbone scientific and technological forces to prepare the construction plan to ensure the scientific and reasonable construction technology and construction plan. In the process of construction, we should organize the construction in strict accordance with the standards and requirements of construction design, and supervise the construction results in real time according to the construction progress to ensure that the construction meets the regulations and requirements. In this process, if it is necessary to temporarily change the technology, it should be submitted for approval in advance, and the construction scheme and technology should not be changed at will. After the construction, the effect of the construction technology should be checked, and the problems should be solved in time. For example, mark the planting position and pay-off, and make timely adjustments when encountering underground fire-fighting facilities or buried pipelines; If the pit before planting is located in poor soil, it should be deepened appropriately to improve the survival rate and stability of plants. (3) Strengthen project schedule control. The construction progress of landscaping directly affects the construction quality and cost, and the construction quality can be strengthened by controlling the construction progress. First of all, it is necessary to scientifically prepare the landscaping construction progress plan to ensure the scientific and orderly progress of the whole construction activities and prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon of rushing to the construction period. Secondly, we should investigate and track the progress of the project, compare the progress of the construction site with the progress plan, and adjust the construction activities in real time according to the requirements of the owner on the premise of ensuring the construction quality. Third, external factors need to be predicted. Such as the forecast of sudden weather and climate such as strong wind and heavy precipitation in landscaping planting areas, to avoid the impact of bad weather construction on the project. After the unforeseeable factors are eliminated, adjust the construction progress in time to ensure the construction is completed on schedule.
3 Landscaping engineering maintenance technology
"Three points, seven points." The maintenance of landscaping projects is also an important content of evaluating project quality. According to the content and characteristics of landscaping project maintenance, the main maintenance techniques include support, soil, pruning and maintenance, pest control and so on. (1) Support maintenance. In landscaping projects, some big trees are often planted. In order to improve the survival rate of trees, it is necessary to do a good job in later maintenance, especially support maintenance, that is, take appropriate measures to fix and support trees, and arrange special personnel to regularly check the stability and firmness of fixed supports to prevent collapse. Especially in the stormy season, it is necessary to do a good job in the fixed support and maintenance of tree planting in time to reduce the stress on the root system, make the plant root system grow better and enhance the vitality of the tree. (2) Soil and water conservation. Soil fertility directly determines the growth rate and efficiency of vegetation. In order to ensure the healthy growth of plants, soil conservation of greening projects is needed. On the one hand, we should ensure the soil moisture, water and irrigate the vegetation regularly, especially in hot summer, increase the watering times, avoid the noon time, and prevent the vegetation from dying due to excessive temperature difference. Secondly, it is necessary to fertilize the soil vegetation, so that the vegetation always has sufficient nutrients, especially the vegetation constantly consumes the nutrients of soil species during its growth. To ensure its healthy growth, it is necessary to fertilize and maintain it regularly, generally once a year 1 time. (3) Pruning and maintenance. Landscaping project should not only ensure the survival rate, but also be beautiful, which can not be separated from vegetation shaping, restoration, weeding and other maintenance work. In addition, the pruning of vegetation can also remove diseased branches, rotten branches and insect branches in time, reduce the incidence of vegetation and promote the healthy growth of vegetation. In addition, we should do a good job in weeding and maintaining vegetation. Through weeding, vegetation roots can absorb more soil fertility, loosen soil, enhance soil permeability and promote the vigorous growth of vegetation roots. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in pruning and maintenance of vegetation, such as shaping, repairing and weeding, so as to improve the quality of the whole landscaping project. In addition, we should do a good job in the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in garden vegetation.
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