2. Control flowers to promote growth. Sometimes the new seedlings can blossom and bear fruit in the same year. Small saplings should first promote growth and form a solid tree body so as to bear the burden of fruit bearing in the future. Premature flowering and fruiting are not conducive to the growth of trees, so it is necessary to erase the flower buds a few years ago to make the trees strong. After growing into a thick tree, leave less flowers and less fruits. It is not advisable to leave too much fruit in the future. Too much nutrition is not easy to grow taller, which will seriously affect the growth in the coming year.
Considering the shape of the tree, pruning should not be done roughly in the first few years. After 3 ~ 4 years, do a rough pruning before dormancy in late autumn and a plastic pruning before germination in the next spring. The mother branches that affect the tree can also be pruned. After flowering and fruit setting, some new delicate branches and introverted branches should also be pruned in time.
4. Pick fruits in time. After late autumn, the temperature dropped obviously, the green leaves turned yellow and began to fall, and the fruits hung on the branches. It is best to pick fruits during dormancy and after the Spring Festival at the latest, so as to reduce the nutrient consumption of fruit branches and be beneficial to early branches and long leaves in spring.
5. Fertilization should be reasonable. Pomegranate is barren-tolerant but fat-loving, so it should be planted on loose, breathable and fertile sandy loam. During the growth period, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, mainly phosphorus and potassium, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied more, so as to avoid the excessive growth of branches and leaves affecting flowering and fruit setting. In addition, applying enough concentrated fertilizer before defoliation in late autumn can promote germination, branching and rapid growth in the coming year.
6. Control water during the fruit period. Pomegranate is not strict with water and can resist short-term drought. As long as the basin soil has good water permeability, it has little effect on water. Only when the water is big, the branches and leaves will grow white, the fruit will fall at the beginning, and the epidermis will crack after the fruit matures, which will affect the ornamental value. Therefore, it is necessary to control the water of fruiting plants properly.
Question 2: How to Cultivate Potted Pomegranate Tree (1) Pomegranate is a high-temperature resistant plant in Xiyang. Therefore, potted pomegranates in the courtyard or balcony do not need shade, and should be placed in sunny places during the growing season; You can bask in the hot sun in summer. The more sun exposure, the more beautiful the flowers and the more fruits. Some people especially like potted pomegranate, hoping that it will blossom and bear fruit forever, but they are afraid that it can't stand the strong sunshine in summer and always keep it in the shade at noon or even all day. As everyone knows, this is counterproductive-it is one of the main reasons why pomegranate does not blossom and bear fruit. Due to insufficient light in the growing period, it is easy to cause white branches and leaves to grow, resulting in less flowers and less fruits, and even no flowering and no fruit in serious cases. (2) Pomegranate requires moist soil, but it is not waterlogged. Therefore, whether planted in the ground or potted, we should always keep the soil moist and not accumulate water. Generally, it is enough to water 1 time a day in summer, and it can be watered 1 time every other day in late autumn. The watering of potted pomegranate should be strictly controlled in the flowering and fruiting period, and it is strictly forbidden to water the potted soil as soon as the surface is dry. It is advisable to wait until the branches and leaves wither slightly before watering, not too late, but thoroughly. If the pot soil is too dry, it is easy to cause buds, dried fruits and fruit drop; Although the pot soil is too wet, it sometimes does not affect the growth of plants, but it is also prone to bud drop and fruit cracking. This is also a reason that affects its flowering and fruiting. (3) Pomegranate likes fat meat. Potted pomegranate, when putting or changing pots, apply sufficient base fertilizer at the bottom of pots. The fertilizer can be compost or decomposed chicken and duck manure, cake fertilizer, etc. During the growing period of the year, dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied once a month. Topdressing should be applied in the next growing season. Generally every lO- 15 days. Chicken and duck manure and fish intestine water can be fermented and mixed with water for use. Rich phosphate fertilizer should be applied before and after bud pregnancy to promote bud flowering. Apply less fertilizer at flowering stage. After flowering, some fertilizers mainly containing phosphorus and potassium should be applied, such as 1%-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, which is beneficial to fruit development. After the fruit is formed, it is advisable to apply thin fertilizer frequently. Potted pomegranate, if fertilization is too frequent and too much at ordinary times, especially if nitrogen fertilizer is applied too much, it will easily lead to virtual growth and make the plant bloom less or not. According to relevant data, spraying 0. 1% borax aqueous solution during the flowering and fruiting period of pomegranate can reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. (4) During the growth of potted pomegranate, some dense branches, weak branches and basal clumped branches should be cut off in time to ensure the concentration of nutrients, make the main branches grow healthily, and promote colorful flowers, fruit fertilizer and beautiful trees. If potted pomegranate doesn't bloom at the flowering stage, the method of forcing flower buds to grow can be adopted-that is, necessary pruning or erasing the terminal buds at the tip. This can not only control the length of the plant, but also promote the growth of new lateral branches. Generally, flower buds appear about a week after pruning. In addition, pomegranate should be thinned in time to make the fruit bigger and sweeter. The flower and fruit management technology of potted pomegranate flowers is very beautiful, and it takes a long time to watch the flowers and fruits. If it is made into a bonsai, it has high ornamental value. However, although there are many flowers in potted pomegranate, the fruit setting rate is very low. According to the author's experience in managing potted pomegranate, some measures to improve the fruit setting rate of potted pomegranate were introduced for reference. 1, fertilizer and water management. Fertilize potted pomegranate after germination, and generally apply diluted organic fertilizer solution. 10 days or so 1 time, and 0.2% urea solution was applied twice in May and June. In the later stage of fruit growth, in addition to applying organic fertilizer, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was applied twice. Pay attention to the weather during the growing period. When the temperature is high and the weather is fine, water the basin soil in time after it is dry. Be careful not to water the flowers during flowering, so as not to affect the fruit setting. In addition, measures should be taken to avoid rain during the rainy flowering period. 2. Annular desquamation at flowering stage. Generally, girdling in early May can temporarily block the downward transportation of photosynthetic organic nutrients and improve the fruit setting rate. 3. Artificial pollination. Pollen from the same flower of pomegranate generally does not bear fruit after pollination to the pistil of the same flower. The pollen setting rate of different flowers and plants is higher, and the pollination setting rate among varieties is higher. Artificial pollination at flowering stage can improve fruit setting rate. The simple method is to use a brush to stick the pollen that has not spread shortly after flowering to the brush tip, and artificially pollinate other tubular flowers with different potted flowers that have just opened. For example, if there are many potted pomegranates, you can pick bell-shaped flowers with buds when the flowers are big, take out the anthers and dry them in the shade at about 22℃. After the anther produces pollen, a feather can be used to separate the pollen from the pollen sac. Under the condition of avoiding light and drying, the pollen is dried in the shade and stored in the refrigerator. When pollinating, put the pollen in a small bottle, dip it with the tip of the hairbrush, and then pat it on the stigma of the newly blooming tubular flower. 4. Spray hormones during flowering. Spraying 4× 10-5-5× 10-5 gibberellin or 2× 10-5-4× 10-5 NAA solution at flowering stage can also improve the fruit setting rate. 5. Sparse flowers and fruits. Pomegranate flower >>
Question 3: How to trim and fertilize pomegranate trees in bonsai, and other matters needing attention. Pomegranate, also known as pomegranate, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of pomegranate family. Branchlets are angular, usually spiny at the top, with opposite or nearly tufted leaves, which are obovate and rectangular, glabrous and shiny. Flowers are red and berries are nearly spherical. From May to June, flowers can last until 165438+ 10. There are often fruits in flowers and flowers in fruits. It is one of the ideal potted flowers for families with both flowers and fruits.
Pomegranate likes warm and humid climate, and is drought-resistant, barren-resistant and adaptable. It is best to choose loose, well-drained calcareous sandy soil for cultivation.
The propagation of potted pomegranate generally adopts sowing method and cutting method.
Sowing method: Choose fully mature fruits, take out the seeds, wash them in the shade, store them in the sand, and sow them in the seedbed around Grain Rain in the following spring. The soil with a thickness of 1 cm can germinate in about 20 days, and can be transplanted when there are 4 real leaves.
Cutting method, the propagation rate of young stem cuttings in summer is high, or branches over 2 years old can be cut into branches with the length of 15cm ~ 30cm before bud germination or during winter dormancy, and callus will be generated after being buried for one month, which can be cut in spring and take root and germinate after one week.
First, sunshine: pomegranate is sunny, and it can be sunny all year round without shading. Put it in a sunny place with ventilation, so you don't have to move frequently.
Second, watering: pomegranate likes to dry, not too much water; Be careful not to water the flowers during flowering. If water seeps into the ovary, it will cause the pedicel to rot and the flowers and fruits to fall off. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent rainwater infiltration when it rains during pollination.
3. Fertilization: Pomegranate likes fertilization. When changing pots, fully decomposed base fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied, preferably bone meal, with high phosphorus content and long fertilizer effect period. In the flower bud differentiation stage, the left and right brushes promote the flower bud differentiation. Spraying Zhuangguodiling in young fruit stage can thicken fruit stalks and increase nutrient transport. This is the key for pomegranate to produce high quality fruit.
Fourth, cold: pomegranate is not cold-resistant. The freezing of pomegranate will affect the flowering and fruiting of the next year, so it is necessary to protect the trees and do a good job in the heat preservation management of pomegranate in winter.
5. Thinning branches and fruits: Pomegranate has strong germination ability, and the strong branches after germination should be thinned in time, often pruning branches and leaves, maintaining tree shape, and strengthening ventilation and lighting. Excessive fruits should be thinned in time to ensure nutrient supply and flowering and fruiting in the coming year. The cut should be coated with anti-corrosion film.
Question 4: What kind of fertilizer does everyone use in pomegranate bonsai? Pomegranate trees are actually good at using farmyard manure!
Question 5: What soil pomegranate is used for potted pomegranate trees? There are many kinds of pomegranate, which can be roughly divided into two categories: one is ornamental flower pomegranate; The other is edible pomegranate. Ornamental flower pomegranate can be divided into flower pomegranate (mainly ornamental flowers, which generally do not bear fruit after flowering) and fruit pomegranate (this pomegranate blooms first, but the flowers are not as gorgeous as the former, mainly ornamental fruits). Ornamental pomegranate is used to make miniature and miniature pomegranate bonsai. The seeds of pomegranate are often used for sowing, or its branches are used for cutting propagation to obtain materials for making bonsai. To make miniature bonsai, two-year-old trees are often used to tie it, and the shape is appropriately trimmed. To make a small bonsai, you can use 2-3 years of young trees for artistic treatment. The tree is so old that it is difficult to tie the branches. To make large and medium-sized bonsai, we often go to Shan Ye to dig old pomegranate piles, trim them properly and tie them if necessary. After "cultivating blank" 1-2 years, you can go to the boutique pot to watch. The common styles in pomegranate bonsai are straight dry type, double dry type, bent dry type and inclined dry type. Pomegranate branches are soft and can be rolled into various styles, but most branches and leaves are pruned into natural fruits. Pomegranate is much shorter and its fruit is smaller. Pomegranate is usually planted from March to April in late spring. Before planting, prune the leaves and roots once. Pomegranate likes fertilizer. When planting, put a few animal hoof pieces and a small amount of rotten bean cakes at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer. Pomegranate has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. It can grow in acidic and alkaline soils. It is best to have loose and fertile soil, but be afraid of waterlogging. When planting pomegranate bonsai, it is advisable to choose a medium or deep purple sand basin or glazed pottery basin, and pay attention to the coordination of the color of the basin and the color of flowers. The shape of the pot depends on the shape of the pomegranate tree.
maintenance management
(1) site. Pomegranate likes sunny and warm environment. Potted pomegranate should be placed in a sunny and well-ventilated place during the growing season. It takes more than 4 hours of sunshine every day to blossom. In summer, keep the soil moist. Pomegranate trees are not afraid of the sun, and some people don't understand this feature. When it is hot at noon, they move it to the shade, which is one of the important reasons why it doesn't blossom and bear fruit or grow badly. If the potted pomegranate is placed on the cement floor or on the cement fence on the balcony, a wooden board should be placed at the bottom of the basin to separate it from the cement floor (because the cement floor conducts heat quickly, it is easy to burn the lower root system of the potted pomegranate). Pomegranate is cold-resistant, and pomegranate planted in the ground can overwinter outdoors in Beijing. Potted pomegranate should be moved indoors at low temperature in winter, and the room temperature should be around 2℃ to facilitate hibernation in winter.
(2) water. Pomegranate is drought-tolerant. When it grows vigorously in summer, it should be watered frequently (watering less during flowering and fruit-setting period is easy to drop flowers and fruits), and the soil should be kept moist, not too wet. Pomegranate is afraid of waterlogging, so put down or move into shelter in rainy days to prevent water from accumulating in the basin. Water less in winter dormancy period, as long as the basin soil is wet.
(3) fertilization. Pomegranate likes fertilizer. When planting, in addition to proper application of base fertilizer, decomposed liquid fertilizer should be applied every half month during the leaf opening period, bud pregnancy period and fruit growth period after flowering. After budding, apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or liquid fertilizer made of poultry manure twice (about a week apart), so that the flowers can be bright and fruity. But don't fertilize during flowering.
(4) plastic surgery. Pomegranate has strong germination ability and can produce new branches several times a year. Generally speaking, robust new branches born in spring can form fruiting mother branches. In the following spring, the short shoots from terminal buds or axillary buds often bloom, and the flowers with terminal buds are the most fruitful. The steep long branches born in the same year or the new branches grown from old perennial branches generally do not bloom in the same year, so we should pay attention to this feature when shaping. Branches born in summer and autumn are difficult to form fruiting branches and should be cut off in time. Plastic surgery in pomegranate bonsai is often performed before germination in spring. Steep long branches, erect branches, over-dense branches and twigs should be cut off, but attention should be paid to keeping those thick fruiting branches. From the branches pruned in spring, you can find some people with a certain attitude to prune and cut them, and you can go to a small pot to watch them in the third year after you survive. If the mother branch is too long to affect the shape, you can cut off the branch length of about 1/3, but you can't cut off all the branches born last year, otherwise it will be difficult for this pomegranate to blossom and bear fruit that year.
(5) pest control. Pomegranate has aphids, scale insects, inchworms, borers and other pests, which should be prevented in time.
In order to make bonsai pomegranate blossom and bear fruit, the following measures must be taken:
1 Turn the basin over. Turn the pan every 1-2 years. Small trees should be replaced with larger pots, and old piles can still use the original pots. Combined with turning pots, half of the old soil is removed, new soil is added, and old roots and excessive fibrous roots are cut off to facilitate the generation of new roots. To cultivate pomegranate, it is best to use poultry manure, freshwater fish viscera, cake fertilizer and appropriate leaves ...
Question 6: What fertilizer does pomegranate tree use? In summer, pomegranate trees carry out life activities such as flowering, fruit setting, fruit development and flower bud differentiation. The center of this stage is fruit. In terms of fertilizer demand, based on good nutritional growth in spring, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron are used together. In the amount of nitrogen application, it should be determined by trees, controlled flexibly, not applied to strong trees, applied moderately to middle trees and applied more to weak trees. For the golden mean tree, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally controlled between 1: 0.5: 1. According to the time when the general available fertilizer is absorbed and utilized by crops (7~ 10 day)
It should be applied before the initial flowering as far as possible; Boron fertilizer can be topdressing outside the roots at flowering stage to improve the fruit-setting ability. After flowering, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to the old and weak trees for comprehensive adjustment to promote the recovery of tree potential. In poor soil conditions such as sand and gravel, Qin Ying uses less fertilizer. Fertilization in summer is of great significance. First, we must ensure that flowers and fruits bear fruit. The second is for the development of young fruits; The third is to lay a good foundation for flower bud differentiation in the later stage of this section. In the way of fertilization, topdressing is the main method, and topdressing can also be used outside the roots. Fertilizer varieties, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, urea, etc. For nitrogen fertilizer; Calcium superphosphate for phosphate fertilizer; Potassium sulfate or plant ash can be used as potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used.
Question 7: How to raise pomegranate trees in indoor potted plants? Pomegranate tree is a very strong tree ... The most important thing is that pomegranate is afraid of being wet and dry, so it doesn't need to be watered often ... I see that the soil in the basin is dry and is being watered. ...
Question 8: How to improve the potted technology of bonsai pomegranate tree perennial pomegranate stump
Release date: February 4, 2006 Source: Xue Yimin, Forestry Station, xinghua city Forestry and Animal Husbandry Bureau.
Potted pomegranate flowers and fruits are gorgeous, and pomegranate with big fruit in autumn is quite fruitful. If cultivated into a tree, it is also a good ornamental bonsai. Potting with perennial pomegranate stumps has the characteristics of fast growth and many fruits. Perennial pomegranate stump is a good potted plant.
Materials used for fruit trees. According to the author's experience, the potted technique of perennial pomegranate stump is introduced for reference. First, the source and collection of pomegranate stumps: small old trees in pomegranate gardens and perennial pomegranates with poor growth in courtyards. Perennial pomegranate seedlings that have not left the nursery are also acceptable, but the upper part of the trunk of the selected stump should have several large branches. diversification
It is an excellent local fresh food. Keep some trunk roots and as many fibrous roots as possible when collecting.
2. Pot soil and nutrient soil: The cultivation pot is selected according to the root size of pomegranate stump, and the diameter of the pot is at least 40 cm.
Large stumps over 100 meters can be cultivated in small pots with large volume.
The nutrient soil is made of various materials, such as 1/2 compost soil (leguminous crop straws are piled with field soil for half a year to 1 year)+1/4 garden soil+1/4 sandy soil, and 25% nitrogen and phosphorus 0.5-1kg is added to the nutrient soil.
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Root pruning: Prune the collected pomegranate stumps and put them into the pot, trim the injured lateral roots flat and cut the excessively long lateral roots short.
Grow fibrous roots, try to keep useful fibrous roots, and cut off excess fibrous roots by about 20 cm.
On the basin: on the basin time in the dormant period. Put a few broken tiles on the selected hole at the bottom of the basin, spread a layer of coarse sand and add some nutrient soil, spread the root system of pomegranate stump, put it on the nutrient soil, add enough nutrient soil, pat the edge of the basin while adding it, and finally compact the nutrient soil in the basin, leaving 3-5 cm unfilled soil at the mouth of the basin as a watering nozzle. After the nutrient soil is installed, water it 1 time.
After a period of time, if the nutrient soil sinks due to watering, add some nutrient soil appropriately.
4. Fertilizer and water management: After the pomegranate stump is put into the pot, the root growth should be restored first. It is not suitable to apply concentrated fertilizer in the early growth stage, but often apply some light fertilizer. Add about 30 times of water to the retted organic fertilizer solution, or apply 0. 1% urea solution and organic fertilizer solution alternately several times at intervals of 10 days. After the trees resume growth, the concentration of liquid fertilizer should be appropriately increased. Apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice in summer and autumn. Early leaf
After sowing, 0.2% urea is used to supplement nitrogen, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for external fertilization in summer. Potted perennial pomegranate stumps can be fertilized normally in the second year. Apply 1 diluted organic fertilizer solution every 7- 10 days in the growth period, and alternately apply urea solution and organic fertilizer solution for 2-3 times in the early stage. A small amount of nitrogen and potassium compounds can be applied to potted soil at the last fertilization in September.
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Pomegranate stump should not be too wet in the pot after it is put in the pot. The early temperature is low and the branches and leaves are few. However, the soil should be watered in time after drying to keep a certain humidity in the basin. After the root system function is normal in summer and autumn, it can be watered normally. It's hot in summer, so water it every morning and evening 1 time. In autumn, the basin soil is wet and dry alternately, and it can be watered every other day 1 time, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and branch enrichment.
Five, plastic pruning
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Plastic surgery: the stem height of perennial pomegranate stump is about 30-40 cm after it is put into the pot. The branches on the upper part of the trunk should be thick, short and smooth.
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About five main evacuation layers and main branches were cultured by overstretching, binding and binding, and the results were re-cultured on the main branches.
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Pruning: (1) Pruning in summer: Pomegranate buds are precocious, and branches can be picked many times during the growth period, so that the crown branches gradually become dense during the growth period. Therefore, useless buds, useless branches, too dense branches, long branches and long branches should be erased during the growth period to make the branches strong. ⑵ Pruning in winter: There are many pomegranate branches, which should be based on thinning, the main branches should be elongated, and the branches cultivated as branches should be cut short. Pomegranate mixed buds are planted at or near the top of strong short branches, so pay attention to preservation and bear fruit later. The part with few branches can be heavy and short.
Branches, branches to fill in the blanks, generally leave about 3 buds short.
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Question 9: What fertilizer does potted pomegranate tree use to nourish large organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer? Anything will do.
Refer to my personal data.
Question 10: When will pomegranate trees be fertilized in the morning and evening? It should not be so strict. Fertilization can be applied in the morning and evening, but it should be fermented to prevent root burning. Be thin, be fat and be diligent.