Under the condition of artificial feeding, sexual maturity begins at the age of 4-5 months, and the weight is above lkg. After 6 months, it will breed, generally more than 10 head per year. The weight of young rats can reach 0.5 kg in 3 months, above 1kg in 5 months, and the maximum is 2-3kg.
1 female bamboo rat breeds 20-30 young rats a year. Under good feeding conditions, it breeds 120- 160 rats a year, which is much higher than the breeding times of pigs, cattle and sheep, and its production level is incomparable to other livestock breeds.
After feeding for 3 months, the weight of young rats can reach more than 1 kg. At present, the market purchase price of commercial bamboo rat is 50 ~ 60 yuan per kilogram. The annual income of common breeding 1 pair of bamboo rats is above 1 10,000 yuan. A farmer transformed a half-acre pig house into a rat pond and kept 6 ~ 10 pairs of bamboo rats in captivity, which can get rid of poverty in one year. Laid-off workers and urban residents use idle houses to raise 4 ~ 6 pairs of bamboo rats in three-dimensional cages or enclosed ponds, and their income is also considerable. It can be seen that bamboo rat breeding is a new type of breeding industry with high development value, large market demand, high yield and efficiency, low consumption and grain saving, and low risk, which is worth developing vigorously.
Vacant rooms, cellars and air-raid shelters can all be used for breeding, or they can be made into a brick enclosure of1.2x1.0x0.8m, which is divided into two rooms, with openings left in the partition wall, one as an inner room and the other as a breeding farm. 5 pairs per square meter, which can be raised in groups or in cages.
1.2 young rats
Refers to the bamboo rat within 3 months after weaning. Need to feed fresh digestible and nutritious feed. Such as carrots, sweet potatoes and bamboo shoots. Juicy feed such as melon skin, concentrate such as corn, wheat bran and dried steamed bread. At the same time, fish meal, bone meal, salt, vitamins and auxin are added to the diet to improve the digestibility of feed and promote the growth and development of young rats. Food types must remain relatively stable, and there must be a transition period if there is any change. The young rats were fed 14- 17g twice a day, less in the morning and more in the afternoon. According to the weight and physical strength of young rats, they are raised in different pools, with 4-5 rats in each cage. Weakness should be raised separately to promote the physical recovery of young rats.
1.3 adult rats
Adult rats have strong disease resistance and rapid growth and development, and their weight is 1.2- 1.5 kg. Should be fed regularly and quantitatively, morning and evening 1 time, straw 150-200g, concentrate 15-20g every day. The basic diet does not need to be changed all year round, and there should be a transition period if it is changed. Adult rats' teeth grow rapidly, so they need to put a bamboo pole or hardwood bar in the cage to grind their teeth. Check whether the feces of bamboo rats are smooth and granular every day, which seems to be a medicinal capsule. Pay attention to whether its coat color is bright and its activities are lively. If an accident happens, it should be dealt with in time.
Male mice are required to develop well, weigh more than 1.3kg, have straight back, strong testicles, strong sexual desire, tolerate rough feeding and do not fight. The mating action is fast and the semen quality is excellent.
The quantity and quality of semen in reproductive male rats are related to nutrition, but it is not suitable for overfeeding. Green roughage includes bamboo leaves, bamboo poles, bamboo shoots, corn stalks, reed stalks, sugar cane, carrots and so on. The compound diet is: corn flour 55%, bran 20%, peanut bran 15%, bone meal 3% and fish meal 7%.
Breeding rats breed 1-2 times a day. The temperature in spring and autumn is suitable, the male rats have strong sexual desire and good semen quality. Estrus lasts for 1-3 days at a time, and mating is carried out at night. The mating ratio of male and female is 1: 2-3, and 1: L is the best.
Female rats are required to have a high birth rate, strong motherhood, a large appetite and a weight of more than 1.2kg.
Due to the growth and development of young rats, adult female rats still need to raise young rats, so the dietary formula of young rats and adult female rats is as follows; ① 55% corn, 20% bran, 15% peanut bran, 3% bone meal and 7% fish meal. In addition, 0.5% salt and auxin are added according to the total amount. ② Bamboo flour 20%, flour 35%, corn flour 10%, bean cake flour 13%, wheat bran 17%, fish meal 2%, bone meal 2%, salt 0.2% and sugar 0.8%. In addition, folic acid 1mg, nicotinic acid 20mg, zinc oxide 75mg, D-L methionine 400mg, potassium iodide 0.5mg, manganese sulfate 60mg, VA 1500IU, VD3 1500IU, VB 12 20mg, etc. Mix the above feeds, add water, knead into steamed bread or granules, then dry in the sun or dry, and feed them to the bamboo rats.
The gestation period of female rats is 60 days, during which the feed should be clean, fresh, diverse and relatively stable. Female rats should be kept separately after pregnancy, and the house should always be kept clean and covered with dry and soft bedding. The delivery time is 2-4 hours, and it will take 1-2 hours at the earliest. 6-7 days before labor, the nipple of the female rat is exposed, the activity is reduced and the action is slow. Before labor, the sound of "goo-goo-"is made from time to time. During childbirth, the offspring rats are produced together with the placenta and placenta.
The mother mouse eats the placenta and placenta at the same time of delivery, and finally bites off the umbilical cord and washes away the amniotic fluid from the offspring. At this time, you can hear the cry of "Ji Ji-". After giving birth to 12 hours, the mother began to breastfeed her offspring.
Avoid watching and touching during childbirth, keep the environment quiet, and prevent the mother rats from eating or abandoning their offspring. During lactation, you can't look at the mother mouse's nest, clean it, or feed the nest room. The nest room is clean and the mother mouse will clean it herself.
During lactation, compound feed should be fed and the amount should be increased appropriately, and milk or soybean milk should be fed every day to increase the lactation of female rats. The daily milk yield of female rats exceeds 100g, which is enough to meet the milk demand of offspring.
Keep the indoor temperature at 8-27℃. In summer, when the temperature exceeds 30℃ and it is particularly sultry, use an electric fan to blow and pour water into the pool to cool down. In winter, the greenhouse temperature should not be lower than 5℃, and it is better to keep it around 15℃. Especially when the seasons change, it is necessary to prevent thieves from invading the nest.
Young rats are fed with their mothers 20-30 days after birth. At this time, they are fed with fresh and digestible bamboo branches, grass stems and full-price pellet feed. At the same time, the mother rats are supplemented with minerals and various vitamins. Weaning after 40-50 days, divided into 2-3 batches, every 3-5 days 1 batch. The survival rate of offspring is over 98%.
The bamboo rat breeding base is located in Toutou Village, Guilin City.