New cultivation techniques of mulberry with high quality and high yield;
Mulberry is more and more loved by people because of its delicious taste, rich nutritional value and various health care functions. However, the traditional mulberry varieties mainly collect leaves and raise silkworms, which bear fruit late, are small in size and few in quantity, and are difficult to be developed and utilized as fruits. After more than ten years of tackling key problems, Chinese agricultural researchers have successfully selected a series of new varieties with large fruit mulberry, early fruiting, high yield, good taste and good benefits by combining modern biotechnology with traditional methods, making fruit mulberry a reality as a new fruit planting, and planting fruit mulberry a good project for some farmers with vision to get rich. The latest techniques of fruit mulberry cultivation are introduced as follows:
First, the standard of garden construction
Dig a planting ditch with a depth of 50 cm, lay a layer of straw with a thickness of about 20 cm at the bottom of the ditch, and cover the topsoil with about 10 cm, then apply chicken manure and compound fertilizer on the topsoil, and then backfill. Apply straw 1500 kg, chicken manure 2000 kg and compound fertilizer 150 kg per mu. The planting density is generally 1× 2m, with 333 plants per mu, and 0.8× 1.5m in mountainous areas, hills and beaches, with 555 plants per mu. (The simple method is to fertilize and plow like planting wheat and corn. ) When planting, pay attention to straighten out the root system to make it extend around, then raise the soil above the joint 1 cm and stamp it, and water it appropriately according to the soil moisture.
Second, shaping and pruning
Generally, the planted seedlings have been cut short at the height of 25 cm, and each plant can germinate 5-6 new buds after germination. When the new shoot grows to 15-20 cm, it is necessary to remove the core, promote the development of lateral branches and increase the crown width (if there are too few branches at one time, the core can be removed for 2-3 times to ensure that the bearing mother branch is 10-65438+. But the white jade king is too weak to pick his heart. At the end of May or the beginning of June of the following year, when the mulberry is ripe and harvested, it will be pruned in summer in combination with shaping, and all fruiting mother branches will be shortened by 2-3 buds to promote the germination of new shoots as the fruiting mother branches in the next year. Cutting time should be sooner rather than later to ensure that new buds have enough time to grow and accumulate nutrients for flower bud differentiation. Mulberry trees should be cut short every year after harvest, and gradually form a low-dry tree shape. When pruning in winter, all the weak branches and saprophytic branches germinated in summer are cut off from the base, and the rest bearing mother branches are cut off appropriately, generally, the top part of branches with insufficient growth of 15-20cm is cut off.
Third, wipe the bud and pick the heart.
For trees that have been put into production for more than two years, the bud wiping time is generally in late March, and the adventitious buds sprouted on the trunk and the weak buds at the base of the fruiting mother branches are erased. When there are about 6 new leaves at the top of the branch, the coring time is in late April or early May, which is beneficial to the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive (fruit) growth, enhancing sunshine and improving fruit quality. This job can be done or not.
Four, water and fertilizer management
The water demand period of mulberry is mainly spring germination period and summer cutting germination period. If there is drought in these two periods, water should be replenished in time if possible. Every winter, a ditch with a depth of 20 cm is opened in the middle of the planting line for fertilization, and the amount and method of fertilization are the same as those in the Standard for Garden Construction (or more farmyard manure is applied and less chemical fertilizer is applied); After pruning in summer, apply 50 kilograms of ammonia water or 20 kilograms of urea per mu; Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves at the early flowering stage and the young fruit stage (spraying on both sides of the leaves, the absorption rate of the opposite dicotyledonous leaves is five times that of the front) can increase the sugar content of the fruit, promote early maturity, and make the mulberry fruits colorful and stable.
Fifth, timely harvest
Mulberry usually ripens in early May. When the mulberry just turns from red to black (the white fruit stalk turns from turquoise to yellow-white), it shows that the mulberry is mature. It should be harvested in the early morning, don't break the skin. First, it should be packed in small plastic boxes, and then packed in cartons. Generally, the weight of each case is 10- 15 kg, which can be transported to the market for sale.
Six, pest control
The main pests that harm fruit mulberry are caterpillars, inchworm, cereal aphid and mulberry longicorn beetle, and the main diseases are brown spot, anthracnose, powdery mildew and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Comprehensive prevention and control methods should be adopted: ① Burn the pruned litter every winter, and then deeply plough and fertilize it and bury it deeply. (2) Disinfect the branches and the whole garden with 3 Baume lime-sulfur mixture before germination. ③ Spraying 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl at the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the end stage respectively, with an interval of 7 days. ④ If mulberry is infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the diseased fruit should be removed, taken out of the orchard, burned and buried deeply. ⑤ Whitening the semi-lignified and lignified parts of branches from late June to mid-July to prevent Apriona germari; If it is found that Apriona germari harms branches, larvae can be injected through wormholes or stuffed with cotton swabs to catch adults artificially. ⑥ Spraying 40% omethoate 1200 times and 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times every 15 days during the high temperature and rainy period in July, August and September (Qin Ying observation, the interval days and spraying times are flexibly controlled according to the specific situation, so it is not necessary to copy them completely), or