Although Cinnamomum cassia is planted in mountainous areas, the planting environment is less polluted, but the following factors still affect the quality and safety of Cinnamomum cassia:
First, the use of pesticides and hormones in the production process. For a long time, Cinnamomum cassia economic forest in China is in a semi-wild state with low tending level and poor infrastructure. There are many problems in pest control, which are as follows: chemical pesticides are widely used, and highly toxic pesticides with high residue or even prohibition are used in some places; Frequent use and large dosage of drugs not only kill beneficial natural enemies, but also destroy the ecological environment. In addition, improper use of hormone substances such as chemical flower protection agent and fruit protection agent will also affect the quality and safety of cinnamon products.
Second, the secondary pollution in processing In the process of cinnamon processing, in order to prevent insects and mildew, some cinnamon processing points are treated with sulfur, and some cinnamon processing points have poor environmental sanitation conditions, which affects the quality and safety of products.
3. After the contaminated cinnamon products are processed during storage and transportation, due to improper storage methods, mildew often occurs, which not only affects the appearance and quality, but also harms human health. At the same time, cinnamon products will be polluted if there is no strict management from the processing place to the sales market.
4. The adulteration of cinnamon oil is driven by market interests from time to time. Illegal traders adulterate cinnamon oil, which makes cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamon oil low, which not only deceives consumers, but also affects the healthy development of cinnamon oil processing industry. In view of the above problems, the following pollution-free and high-yield technologies are proposed:
1, choose a good ecological environment to build cinnamon base. It is best to build cinnamon base far away from urban areas and industrial areas, and the straight-line distance from traffic arteries should be more than 500 meters. It is very important to attach importance to the construction of ecological environment.
2. Clones of Improved Varieties There are three main varieties of Cinnamomum cassia planted in China: Cinnamomum cassia from China, Cinnamomum cassia from South China and Cinnamomum cassia from Ceylon. Cinnamon has strong adaptability and wide distribution in China, and is the main variety in China at present. Cinnamomum cassia is a big leaf variety of Cinnamomum cassia in China. Since 1967, our country has introduced this seed and seedling from Guangning Province for many times and planted it in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang and other provinces (regions). The bark thickness and cinnamon oil content of Cinnamomum cassia are higher than those in China, and its adaptability is stronger than that of Cinnamomum cassia. It is an ideal cultivated variety in China and worth popularizing. Ceylon cinnamon originated in Sri Lanka and is an internationally famous high-quality variety. Introduced and cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other places in China. At present, it is still in the stage of small-scale trial planting, and there is no large-scale planting. This variety needs high heat and is not suitable for planting in northern latitude, so its planting range is limited. In planting Cinnamomum cassia, excellent varieties should be selected for cutting and strengthening seedlings, and clones of Guilin should be developed.
3. Reasonable planting density Under normal circumstances, it is more appropriate to plant young Cinnamomum cassia trees for about 5 years to achieve canopy, not too thin or too dense. The purpose of Qiao Lin's homework is to cultivate high-grade cinnamon trees. The row spacing of trees is 8×6 m or 2.5×5 m, which can be 3×4 m, 4×4 m or 2.5×5 m gently. Generally, 40 ~ 80 plants are planted per mu. The purpose of dwarf forest management is to produce common cinnamon bark and cinnamon leaf oil, and the plant spacing is 1× 1.5 ~ 2m, and it is 1× 1m or 1.3× 1.3m or 0.8x2 or/kl. Mountain areas can be dense, flat areas should be sparse, and areas prone to wind disasters should be dense.
4. Strengthening pruning and shaping cinnamon is the most valuable cinnamon product. High-grade cinnamon must be smooth and free from knots. Therefore, it is very important to trim and reshape the trunk of Cinnamomum cassia carefully to keep it straight. Short Guilin and big Guilin have different pruning and shaping methods. The dwarf Guilin mainly produces cinnamon, and the lower branches should be pruned in time to ensure the growth of the trunk. Generally, it is pruned once a year in autumn and winter from the second year of planting. You can use a sharp knife to cut off the branches near the trunk, and it is required to cut them smoothly and not split them, so as to ensure that the trunk is 2.5 ~ 3 meters smooth and straight. Great Guilin is dominated by high-grade medicinal cinnamon such as "Qibiangui" and "Bangui" with high production value. The trunk is required to be tall and straight, without knots, and the finishing requires "early in the morning, two big shun". Prune 1 ~ 2 times a year from the third year after planting.
Trim the branches from the ground to the crown 1/3 at a time. Small branches should be flattened close to the trunk with a sharp knife, but they should not hurt the bark of the trunk; If the larger branches can't be cut down with one knife, you can use a saw to ensure that the incision is smooth and easy to heal. The smaller the branch, the easier the wound will heal, so pruning should be carried out in autumn and winter, sooner rather than later.
5. Strengthen fertilization management. Fertilization of cinnamon is concentrated in the first three years of planting. Generally speaking, fertilization is about three times a year. The first time is before February-March in spring, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, with 0.05-0. 1 kg urea or ammonium bicarbonate per plant, and adding 2.5-5 kg organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer where conditions permit. The second time, in July and August, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were mainly used, and smoked soil, calcium superphosphate and farmyard manure were applied. Organic fertilizer can also be mixed with 0.25-0.5 kg of superphosphate every 40-50 kg, and compound fertilizer can be applied to each plant at 5- 10 kg. For the third time, 1 1- 1 February, apply organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and add 1.5 ~ 2.5 kg of phosphate rock powder to every 50 kg of manure for one month, and apply 10 ~ 15 kg per plant. The quick-acting fertilizer can be poured or sprinkled in the shallow ditch after loosening the soil, and the organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied in the annular ditch with a depth of 15 ~ 20 cm, and then covered with soil. Fertilizer is applied at the outer edge of the crown, and the amount of fertilizer applied increases with the age of the tree. After applying dry manure, water it when there is no rain. In addition, the fertilization scheme can be made according to the nutritional diagnosis results of Cinnamomum cassia, so as to obtain the best economic benefits. It is required to use pollution-free water source and pay attention to the problem of fertilizer residue.
6. Popularizing the planting of mixed forest, establishing mixed forest of Cinnamomum cassia, vigorously popularizing and applying the mixed model of Cinnamomum cassia and Illicium verum, Cinnamomum cassia and tea, and Cinnamomum cassia and medicinal materials, protecting natural enemies in the forest and achieving the purpose of biological control of pests and diseases are effective measures to realize pollution-free production of Cinnamomum cassia.
7. Implement integrated pest control with agricultural measures as the mainstay, artificial control, utilization of natural enemies and increasing tree resistance. Try to use non-toxic plant sources, mineral sources, biological pesticides and pesticide synergists, reduce spraying times, and do not use pesticides containing heavy metals, highly toxic pesticides, high-residue pesticides and total pesticides.
8. In the process of processing, packaging, storage and transportation, we should firmly establish environmental awareness, actively adopt advanced environmental protection technologies at home and abroad, adopt scientific and reasonable post-harvest processing methods, and classify, clean, sun (dry), package and transport cinnamon products in strict accordance with market demand to prevent postpartum loss and pollution of cinnamon.
9. Improve the management mode of cinnamon products and vigorously develop the green marketing of cinnamon. It is necessary to obtain the green certificate of cinnamon as soon as possible, register the trademark, put the product on the market, sell it at a high quality and good price, protect the legitimate interests of producers and consumers, and make the production of cinnamon in China reach a new level as soon as possible.