Potted plants should include red plum, green sepal plum, Taige plum, Zhao, Longyou plum and so on.
Plant selection: It is best to choose saplings with developed roots and grafted in the field for 2~3 years, so that flowers can be found in the same year after planting.
Selection of flowerpots: plum blossoms should be made of purple clay pots or glazed tile pots, generally not too shallow. Inclined dry type and curved dry type are mostly used in deep-groove pots or round pots, square pots and hexagonal pots. Cliff-style thousand pots.
Preparation of cultivation soil: plum blossoms are not strict with soil requirements. If it can grow in loose and fertile soil, it is best for seedlings to prepare culture soil in this way. The ratio of round soil to coarse sand is 1: 1. Adult plant preparation method 1: garden soil: humus soil: coarse sand is prepared according to the ratio of 4:2:4.
Preparation method 2: decomposed soil: weathered river mud or paddy mud: fine sand is mixed according to the ratio of 2:2:6, and dry manure or cake fertilizer can also be mixed into the culture soil.
Flower cultivation: Before potted, lay coarse sand or charcoal chips with a thickness of about 3 ~ 5cm on the bottom of the basin as a drainage layer, and fill a small amount of culture soil on it, then put the plants in the center of the basin, and compact them while filling the soil, so that the roots can be closely combined with the soil. It is not suitable to water after planting, and water once after 3~4 days; Water once a day after 7~ 10; Water 1~2 times a day from May to August after survival, and then put it in a ventilated and light-transmitting place for maintenance.
Fertilization: Plum blossoms don't like big fat, but are more barren. Generally, there is no need for too much fertilization, which will lead to too many branches and leaves and it is not easy to form flower buds. However, too little fertilization can also lead to poor plant growth. The principle of fertilization should be a small number of times.
When the branches and leaves of plum blossom germinate, it is only necessary to apply fertilizer water made of bean cake or peanut cake twice, and add 15 times of water to the supernatant. After flowering, decomposed liquid fertilizer or quick-acting fertilizer can be applied 3~5 times in autumn, mainly phosphorus and potassium, to promote flower bud differentiation. Spraying 1~2 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate after flower bud differentiation, or spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and foliar micro-fertilizer.
After each fertilization, water the flowers and loosen the soil in time to keep the soil loose, which is beneficial to the root system to absorb nutrients and develop.
If it is a newly planted seedling, in addition to applying base fertilizer, you can also apply thick fertilizer, such as fully decomposed dry manure residue, and you must water it the next day. The base fertilizer and this dense fertilizer are enough to shoot branches and leave leaves in spring, so there is no need to apply fertilizer in the future, especially when the buds grow to 5 cm, otherwise the branches will grow white and easily attract diseases such as aphids. In the middle and late May, 1 thin fertilizer 1~2 times can be applied to fertilize the cake to promote the formation of flower buds. At the beginning of August, it was the second rooting period of plum blossom. At the same time, in order to promote flower bud hypertrophy, topdressing can be completed at one time. For example, you can apply some cake fertilizer water, mainly phosphorus and potassium. At the beginning of September, the new roots of plum blossoms have gradually matured. In order to ensure that the flower buds are strong, a small amount of phosphate fertilizer can be applied at a time.
Watering: Plum blossoms are most afraid of flooding, otherwise they will rot easily, but they should not be too dry. Water demand is high in summer growing season. If the plants are short of water at this time, photosynthesis will be weakened and nutrient accumulation will be reduced, which will affect the growth and flowering of plum blossoms in the later period. Generally, water once every 2~3 days in spring, once every day in summer, and control water in autumn, as long as the basin soil is kept moist, water less in winter and keep the basin soil dry. Water less between flowering and leaf exhibition.
Pay attention to watering during the plum blossom growth period, and keep the basin soil moist and dry. When the branches grow to 15 ~ 20cm, before flower bud differentiation, we should master the principle of "don't water them thoroughly", and water them when the new shoots wither and droop, so as to effectively control the growth of new shoots, prevent excessive growth, ensure nutrient accumulation and promote flower bud differentiation. Of course, if plants lose too much water and are watered again, it will be difficult for the leaves to return to normal state, and the leaves will turn yellow and fall off, which will also affect the flower bud differentiation. When watering the pot soil after the new shoots wilt and droop, we should pay attention to watering with small water first, so that the roots can slowly absorb and gradually regain their vitality. You must not water it immediately, because it will cause a lot of fallen leaves. If it is found that the leaves of the plant are severely withered, the whole plum blossom can be immersed in water and taken out after 40 minutes, which is expected to return to normal. Normal watering can be resumed in July and August.
Plum blossoms like water, but they are not resistant to waterlogging. There is much rain in spring, which is easy to cause the branches to grow white and the flower buds to decrease. Huangmei season is the time to breed flower buds, so the pot soil should be slightly dry, otherwise the branches will grow slender and even lose yellow leaves, which will affect the formation of flower buds. Therefore, at this time, the air humidity is high, and water is generally not used. If it is rainy, pay attention to the water in the flowerpot.
Pruning: Pruning plum blossoms should start with seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 20-25 cm, the top should be cut off, leaving 3-5 branches as the main branches after germination. When the main branch grows to 10- 15 cm, it should be picked to promote the robust growth of branches and form flower buds. After flowering, the plant should be cut short, leaving 2~3 buds at the base. When the new branch grows to 5-6 leaves, the core should be removed, leaving only 3-4 leaves to promote the plant to form more flower branches.
Pruning plum blossoms is also a process of shaping plum blossoms. The plum blossom in shape is called "plum heap". The best time to prune plum piles is just after the flowers wither. Pay attention to the tree shape when pruning, and then leave ornamental branches and cut off redundant branches.
Plum blossoms like to change the light and ventilation environment, so the branches should be sparse. Therefore, plum blossoms should be sparse. The principle of draining is to keep the old branches still, leave strong branches weak, drain the upright, cross, overlapping, dense, sparse or improperly growing branches, and remove the branches regenerated from the old stems. According to the tree, cut short segments and reserve.
If the plant is growing well or not too old, you can leave 4~6 buds on the annual branch after flowering and cut off its upper part; Poor growth or very old plums usually leave 2~4 buds.
Pay attention to the direction of bud mouth when pruning, and choose the appropriate bud direction according to the type of plum pile, branch direction, angle and natural growth. Generally, the straight branches of plum will sprout outward; Outward buds should also be selected for inward-growing branches with small angles, so as to adjust the direction and angle of branches, expand the crown and balance the tree potential. If there are few inward branches, it is necessary to keep inward buds appropriately to make the plants full. Generally speaking, we should let nature take its course, and should not be affected.
When the leaf buds of that year grow to about 3 cm, they should be wiped according to the density and position of the buds and considering the future shape of the pile. The buds on the old stems should be cleaned with hair, and the new buds should be picked or screwed when they grow to a certain length.
For plum piles with weak roots or poor germination ability, the method of coring in advance can be adopted when the new buds grow to about 6 cm to promote their germination again and enhance their germination ability. For useless branches, they should be cut directly from the base.
May-June can use climbing and binding combined with pruning, pruning while climbing and binding to shape plum piles. At the same time, the buds were picked. Slight pruning will be carried out in June165438+1October, and shoots will be produced soon after pruning. At this time, cut the twig short and leave a piece.
For the aged plum stump, it can be pruned again, thinned or shortened year by year, and finally removed from the base to concentrate more nutrition to promote the bud germination of plum stump into growth branches. In addition, the thick branches can also be sawed off and updated, and protective agents such as boric acid ointment can be applied to the wound to prevent infection.
Lighting and temperature management: Meihua likes warm and adequate lighting. During the growth period of plum blossom, it should be placed in a sunny and well-ventilated place. If it is in a cool environment, plants will grow thin and bloom sparsely because of insufficient light.
Except for apricot varieties, they can tolerate low temperature of -25℃, and general varieties can tolerate low temperature of-10℃. When the average temperature reaches -5~7℃ in early spring, it will delay flowering when encountering low temperature, and will prolong flowering when encountering low temperature. Plum blossoms are also resistant to high temperature and can grow at 40℃. When the temperature is 16~23℃, the plants grow and develop best.
Management of flowering and fruiting period: plum blossoms generally bloom in February-March and bear fruit in June. Anyone who grows plum blossoms really wants it to open during the Spring Festival, which requires a certain degree of flowering promotion.