The root system is fleshy, with few branches and few fibrous roots. Plant height 1-3m, up to 2m. The old stems are grayish brown, and the branches are yellowish brown. Bipinnate compound leaves, peony leaves, alternate. Flowers are solitary at the top of stem, with flower diameter 10-30cm. The colors are white, yellow, pink, red, purple and multicolor, and there are single flowers, compound flowers, double flowers and cabinet flowers. Calyx has 5 pieces. There are many ways to distinguish peony, which can be divided into upright type, spreading type and semi-open type according to plant type. According to the bud type, it can be divided into round bud type, narrow bud type, olecranon type and exposed mouth type; According to the branching habit, it can be divided into single branch type and cluster branch type; According to the color, it can be divided into white, yellow, pink, red, purple, deep purple (black), snow blue (pink blue), green and compound color; According to the flowering period, it can be divided into early flower type, middle flower type, late flower type and autumn and winter type (some varieties have the habit of secondary flowering, which can naturally reopen after flowering in spring and autumn and winter, which is called autumn and winter type); According to the pattern, it can be divided into four levels: department, class and group. The four rows are peony, purple peony, yellow peony and purple peony; Two kinds, namely single flower and tiger flower; The two groups are Melaleuca and Louzi; The following groups are divided into several types according to the shape of flowers, such as single petal type, lotus type, laurel type and crown type.

Peony flowers (20 pieces) Peony is a perennial deciduous shrub with slow growth, small plant type and plant height of 0.5 ~ 2 meters; Roots are fleshy, thick and long, with lignified center, generally 0.5 ~ 0.8 meters long, and a few roots can reach 2 meters; The color of root bark and root meat varies with varieties; The branches are erect, crisp and round, and look like shrubs from the roots. Annual branches are smooth and brown and often crack and fall off. Leaves alternate, leaves are usually bipinnately compound, the upper branches are often simple, and the leaflets are needle-shaped, oval, oval and so on. The terminal leaflets are often 2 ~ 3-lobed, with dark green or yellow-green on the top and grayish green, smooth or hairy on the bottom; The total petiole is 8 ~ 20 cm long with grooves on the surface; Peanut is at the top of the branch of the year, bisexual, large and colorful, with a diameter of10 ~ 30cm; The colors of flowers are white, yellow, pink, red, purple, deep purple (black), snow blue (pink blue), green and compound color. Male and female pistils are often petaled, and the natural growth of petals and the degree of petaled pistils are related to varieties, cultivation environmental conditions and growth years. Normal flowers have many stamens, strong seed setting ability and high seed maturity. Flowers with serious pistil petals, few seeds but no seeds, completely free stamens, 5 carpels, at least 8 carpels, each ovary bottle-shaped, placenta margin, most ovules pentagonal, 7- 13 per corner, and round seeds. After peony changed from wild to domestic, due to the change of environmental conditions and continuous artificial breeding and cultivation, not only the color, pattern and flowering period changed sooner or later, but also the shape of plants, the length and thickness of roots and the color and shape of leaves.

Plant type

Peony plants vary in height, cluster, vertical inclination and aggregation due to different varieties. Generally speaking, according to its shape or divided into five types; 1. The upright branches are tall and upright, densely distributed, with a small spreading angle, and the included angle between the branches and the vertical line is mostly within 30o. Internodes are long, the annual growth of new branches is 10 ~ 15 cm, and the average plant height of five-year-olds is 40 ~ 50 cm, and the highest can be above1m. Such as "Shougehong", "Purple Er Qiao" and "Yao Huang". 2. The scattered branches are mostly scattered and bent to extend around, and the plant width is wider than the plant height, forming a low-spreading plant shape. When the branches spread out, the included angle with the vertical line is more than 45o, and the new branches are long and soft. Such as Zhao Fen, Keep Red, Mountain Flowers in Full Bloom, Qinglong in Mo Chi, etc. 3. The spreading branches grow strong and straight, and spread around obliquely, and there is an angle between them. The plant type is perfect and correct, and the height is moderate. The annual growth of new branches is 6 ~ 8 cm, and the average plant height of five-year-old branches is 30 ~ 40 cm. Such as "Zhuangyuanhong", "Silver and Red Pairs" and "Gold and Jade to Send". 4. Dwarf branches grow slowly, with short internodes, dense leaves and compact and short distribution. The annual growth of new branches is 2 ~ 4 cm, and the five-year average plant height is 15.

About centimeters. Such as "Beauty Red", "Luohan Red" and "Haiyunzi". 5. The solo type is mostly artificial artistic modeling, with obvious trunk and different heights, generally 20 ~ 80 cm. Some branches grow on the trunk to form a crown (some have no crown), which is simple and looks like a bonsai and grows slowly. It usually takes more than 8 years to form. Such as "18".

root

Peony has a well-developed root system and many deep-rooted fleshy main roots and lateral roots. Primary roots start from white, gradually turn yellow to brown, the meat is white, individual red, and the meat center is lignified, commonly known as "wood heart". The fleshy part stores a lot of nutrients and water for plants to grow. Generally speaking, plants with deep roots have lush foliage and tall plants, while plants with shallow roots have short branches and short plant types. Peony has different root types and root numbers due to different varieties, but it can be generally divided into 1 and straight root types. This type of roots are sparse (the roots of four-year-old peony can be buried more than 80 cm), and there are only dozens of thick "surface roots" with uniform thickness, smooth roots and hundred skins, and few small roots and roots are formed on the roots. Such as Feng Dan, Zhao Fen, Er Qiao and Mo Kui. Most of these peonies are medicinal and ornamental varieties. Painter's works of writing and painting

2. Slope root type This kind of root has different thickness and length, many lateral roots and cross growth, commonly known as "chicken claw root". Most of the soil layers are shallow and the slope angle is large. Such as "Qingshan Guan Xue", "White" and "Huanghuakui", the quality and yield of this kind of peony are lower than that of straight root type, so it is not suitable for medicinal cultivation. 3. The middle roots are moderately dense, and there is no obvious main root. Most of them are "noodle roots" with uniform thickness and smooth roots, with an average burial depth of 70 ~ 80 cm, such as "black seeds" and "Yao Huang", which can be used for both ornamental and medicinal purposes.

bud

There are 6 ~ 8 scales around peony buds, so peony buds are also called "scale buds". Peony overwinters with scale buds. Peony bud can be divided into flower bud, leaf bud, latent bud and adventitious bud according to its function and differentiation degree. 1. The flower buds of peony are mixed buds, which can branch, grow leaves and bloom. The "terminal flower bud" growing at the top of branches is called "terminal flower bud". Once the branches of flowers are opened, the stems will dry up and retract for a period of time. The flower buds inserted between the axils of the lower leaves of the stem are called "axillary flower buds" or "lateral flower buds". Flower buds are generally plump, and you can see the "flower embryo" (that is, the bud inside the scale bud) by peeling off the scales. 2. Leaf Buds Leaf buds only grow long leaves, most of which grow in the axils at the lower part of flower buds, and some of them are born at the top of branches, which are thinner than flower buds and develop into branches after germination. 3. Latent buds are born in the lowest part of new branches, and are small in shape, such as millet, commonly known as "dog turtle". It does not germinate at ordinary times, but can germinate only after flower buds, leaf buds or branches are injured, and its life span is long, reaching 10 ~ 15 years. 4. Adventitious buds are called "adventitious buds". After unearthed, it germinated into sprouting branches, commonly known as "soil buds". Adventitious buds have strong germination ability and are the main source of scions. Old branches (rootstocks) are updated and new shares are added. Adventitious buds do not bloom that year, but grow vigorously. They can develop and differentiate into top flower buds that year and bloom the next year. Peony buds are different in shape and color due to different varieties, with different shapes and characteristics. Generally speaking, there are cone, pearl, oblate, oblong cone, olecranon, etc. The size of buds, the number and thickness of scales are different. There are also different degrees of turquoise, yellow-green, khaki, khaki, silver gray, brown and purplish red; In addition, there are colors and mixed colors, which are the main basis for distinguishing varieties in autumn. Therefore, it is difficult to identify peony varieties only by the shape and color of flower buds, and it is necessary to master the characteristics of scale flower buds of each variety through long-term patient and meticulous observation.

branch

Due to the different internode lengths of effective branches in that year, the number of buds inserted and the germination potential of new branches are also different, and the branching habits are also obviously different. However, there are the following branches: 1, a single new branch with long internodes and few buds germinates only at the base 1 ~ 2 or 1 ~ 3, and among these new buds, only those of the current year. 2. Dense branches have short internodes and many new buds, usually 3-5. New buds have strong branching ability, and each new bud can be pulled out in the same year to form short branches with thick branches. This variety of plants is usually short and densely branched. Such as "De", "Hong De" and "".

leaf

Peony leaves alternate and consist of leaves and petioles. The shape, size, color, texture, etc of leaves. Depending on the variety, it can be divided into the following categories: 1, large round leaf type, the whole leaf is large and round, the length is more than 40 cm, the width is more than 25 cm, and the lobules are wide and round, pure and fat, wide oval or oval; Marginal loss of lateral leaflets; How flat the leaves are. Such as "Wang Hong", "Great Lake Red", "Mokui" and "First Case Red". 2. The whole leaf size of the long leaf type is the same as before, but the leaflets are long and narrow, rectangular and thin, with few notches and sharp edges, and the leaves are sparse, flat or drooping, such as "silver powder and gold scales" and "ice covered red stones". 3. The lobular round leaf type has small whole leaves, about 20 ~ 30 cm long, short and thick lobules and short and round edges. Such as "Jin Ge Zi", "lantian jade" and "Beauty Red". 4. The whole leaf size of the small long leaf type is the same as above, but the leaflets are narrow, the edges are missing and rolled up. Such as "fat red" and "smoke dragon purple". 5. The whole leaf is medium-sized, about 30 ~ 40 cm long, and the lobules are oval, with concave edges, sharply rolled up and inclined leaves. Such as "false kudzuvine towel purple", "Zhuangyuanhong" and "big brown purple". In addition, there are special leaf shapes. For example, in the "Three Strange Sets", only three irregular circular leaves are born on each petiole, which is two-thirds less than that of ordinary varieties, and it is a compound leaf with two cycles; Another example is "Fleshy Hibiscus" and "Big Brown Purple". There are three groups of leaves on each petiole, which are divided into the top five and six * * * eleven leaflets, two more than ordinary varieties. The color of peony leaves is mainly green and yellow-green, and some varieties have different degrees of purple halo; Some leaves are dotted with purple or yellow spots; The back of leaves is mostly grayish green and light gray, and some varieties (such as "Bai He") have a lot of fluff.

petiole

The petiole of peony is also divided into thickness, hardness and length, the length can reach 40 cm, and the short one is only 10 cm; Petiole concave is mostly dark purple, purplish red, taupe, yellowish green and other different colors. The length of petiole, especially the angle between petiole and branch, varies greatly with different varieties, which also has a great influence on the ornamental value of flowers. The angle between petiole and branches is large, the leaves are flat or drooping, and the leaves are sparse, such as "ink sunflower", which has flowers on the leaves, forming beautiful flowers and leaves, which complement each other. On the contrary, the petiole is short and the included angle between the petiole and the branch is small. Because of the close branches and leaves, flowers are often hidden in leaves, resulting in the phenomenon of "hiding flowers in leaves", and the ornamental value is greatly reduced.

flower

Peony flowers are colorful and varied. Some varieties have intact floral organs and normal development of sepals, stamens and pistils, such as "lotus" and "phoenix white". But some varieties have petals or degenerate, forming colorful flowers. According to the number of petals, flowers are traditionally divided into single petals (layers), double petals (layers) and thousand petals (layers). In these three categories, according to the morphological characteristics of flowers, they can be divided into six flower types: sunflower type, lotus type, rose type, hemispherical type, crown type and hydrangea type (traditionally called crown type and hydrangea type). This classification method intuitively reflects the various forms of flowers.

Fruit seed

A flower has five horns, each horn bears 7- 13 seeds, and the seeds are round. The exocarp is green and hairy at first, crab yellow when mature, yellow-green seeds, cracked fruit horns when over-ripe, and dark brown seeds, which can be called 2400-3000 dry seeds per kilogram. Double flowers generally bear 1-5 horns, but the seeds are only partially or completely fruitless; A thousand petals will not bear fruit and seeds. The morphological characteristics of peony flowers can be divided into sunflower type, lotus type, rose type and hemispherical type.

The value purpose of editing this paragraph

Peony is known as "the king of flowers". Peony can establish special gardens in parks and scenic spots; Building flower beds and plants in classical gardens and residential courtyards; Natural solitary planting, clumping planting or replanting in garden green space. The existing enzymes hydrolyze to form paeonol (c 15 H2O 8) and a part of L- arabinose. Symptoms such as itchy throat, dry throat and irritating cough caused by root skin pharyngitis have good effects. Peony stems and leaves can treat blood stasis, and its flowers can be seen in many cities. Its root can be used as medicine, and it can also be called peony bark. After taking the medicine, it can treat hypertension, remove fire, clear away heat and remove blood stasis, and relieve pain and swelling. Has obvious curative effect on hypertension. Its petals are edible and delicious.

Peony flower (18)

Edit the main varieties in this section.

Pink crown

At present, there are different colors (such as red, purple, bordeaux, pink, white, blue, green, yellow, black and multicolor) and different flower patterns (such as single petal type, lotus type, crown type, floor type and hydrangea type). ) is produced in all parts of China, and has the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance and moisture resistance, and can be planted in both temperate and cold zones. Originated in China. 1. Peony (1) with rich colors, assorted colors, Jiaorong Trilateral, Er Qiao Trilateral, Agate Lotus, Butterfly, Flower (2), green fragrant ball, green water and green waves, bean green, emerald (3), yellow, Jinguixiang, Yuxi Yingyue, sunflower, etc. Jingyu

(5) Pink, Lu Fen, Pink Crown, Peach Blossom Flying Snow, Guifei Inserting Vegetable, Snow-reflected Peach Blossom, Nephrite Warm Fragrance, Lady Makeup, Pink Lotus Floating River, Silver Scale Zhu Bi, Shengdan Furnace, Qinglong Sleeping Powder Pool (6) White Luminous White, Jingyu, Yu Xiang, Venus Snow Wave, Caiguan Pearl, Snow Tower, White Jade, etc. Dark purple (9) purple class strives for glory. Zeng Hui welcomes the Japanese brocade robe, red robe, dragon Tibetan branch, red Tibetan white Yuan Hongxia hundred yuan Hongxia reflects gold and red reflects gold. The first case of Hongda Brown Purple Zongzi Hongshou An Honghong Zhongqu Guo Jinxiu Ball Luoyang Hongluo (10), Red Coral Terrace Mountain Tiger Terrace Laughing in Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Cong Zhong Xiao Chen Hong, Huo Huo Dan Shi Ping Fu Rihong No.18 Stone No.8 Neon Xia Ni Han Hong Cai Ruby Stone Red Stone Red Tuhongtu Mountain Flower Blue Man Fat Red Red Star Spring Red Jiao Yan Meat Lotus Soft Skin Rong Yu Ji Yan Makeup Fei Yan Fei Yan Fei Yan Fei Yan Yan Hong Yin Hong Hongqiao pair Hu Hong Hong female 18 No.18 Eupatorium adenophorum is tall and has strong drought resistance. Can resist (1), Bai Shan scholar holds ink, Shu monk Peng Mo purple spot, Bai Zi class white jade pot ice piece, chrysanthemum white wine jade butterfly Zhongchuan Yu Zhongchuan Xiao Yuxue Guanyin fights Guanyin in the white clouds, crane cloud and red sea microwave Weibo (2) yellow, green, yellow or green chicken Chu Feng Buddha head is green (3) red class red class three turns red crown, jade bead red hall, Zhu Yuda big red robe, red robe, drunk with rouge, Yan Zhi (4) Black black velvet lotus hen lotus night cup Ye Guangbei black butterfly hen butterfly purple crown jade belt Guan jade belt (5) purple purple purple purple purple butterfly windward purple butterfly wind Kyushu big purple nine purple red Lian Ning 'an red hero red red red double red rush class red magnolia purple magnolia purple magnolia purple red rose Wei Gucheng will Gu Hualiu powder powder powder powder powder powder powder powder powder He Qiao purple spot powder purple spot pink cloud powder tianxiang powder Kirin powder black powder debut BLACKPINK Dengchang (7 Purple, black, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple, purple. Purple purple purple blue butterfly welcomes the spring blue butterfly welcomes the spring three, exotic peony comes from a foreign country, with patented colors, the sun is on the road, Shen Fu Kao is on the sunset, and the sun is on the wood for eight thousand generations. Eight Five Continents and Continents United with Japan Island Golden American Princess Jinge Garden Jewelry Golden Island Noon (Sea Yellow) High Noon Golden Flower Minister Hua Heiguang Shi Hei Wu Chu

The flower language of peony: perfection, affection and wealth.

Autumn Peony: Life, Expectation and Light Love

Red peony: generous red flower, known as the king of flowers, with the flower language of' wealth' and the attribute of fire.

Purple Peony: Peony with purple petals, which means' embarrassed' in flower language and has dark attributes.

Bai Mudan means nobility, dignity, beauty and elegance, elegance and beauty.