Brief introduction of grape seedlings:
Grape seedlings refer to the seedling state of grapes, which are generally divided into cutting seedlings and grafting seedlings. Cutting seedling refers to cutting 15 cm to 20 cm from mature grape branches and cultivating them in sandy soil. After planting for a year, roots will grow on the roots, so that grapes can be planted. Grafting refers to pruning cutting seedlings on the basis of cutting seedlings, grafting two different varieties of grape seedlings together and planting them for more than one year. In other words, the cuttings grow for one year and the grafted seedlings grow for more than two years.
Seedling growth, high survival rate, high yield, strong disease resistance and high cold resistance are the basis for cultivating high-quality grape seedlings. Grape varieties have been improved. When the ground temperature rises to about 9℃, planting will begin from late February to early March, not later than mid-March. Don't be too early, otherwise it will increase the management trouble. If the grapes enter the bleeding stage too late, the seedlings will flow after injury, which will affect the survival.
Planting specifications: grape seedlings are planted on the center line of planting ditch, and the spacing between plants depends on the frame. The plant spacing of double cross V-shaped frame is 1 m, that of single hedge frame is about 1.2 m, and that of shed frame is about 1.5 m. ..
When planting, first pull two lines on the center line of planting ditch, use small bamboo as spacing ruler, and open the pond after positioning. The pond is about 20 cm deep, but you can't reach the top layer of straw to prevent it from rotting. The bottom of the pond should be dug flat, not pointed. The size of the pond depends on the root system of the seedlings. When planting, the seedlings should be placed vertically in the pond, and the roots should be stretched and not distorted. Long roots can be cut, but not randomly. Roots should be evenly distributed in the pond, and seedlings should be straight from front to back and from left to right as in the past. After the seedlings are placed, fill in half of the soil first, then lift the seedlings up slightly, so that the roots of the seedlings can be closely combined with the filled soil, and then fill in the other half of the soil, which is practical. Water should be poured once after planting, preferably with manure, but the concentration should not be high to prevent root injury. Seedlings should be planted shallowly, especially grafted seedlings, and the rootstock should be exposed 5- 10 cm to prevent the scion from taking root. Choose sunny or cloudy planting. The soil is too wet for planting after the rain.
After the seedlings are planted, cover them with black plastic film to raise the ground temperature and promote the early growth of seedlings. After the plastic film is covered, make a hole in the seedlings to expose them.
It is best to treat seedlings with chemicals before planting (those that have been treated and disinfected do not need to be treated). The survival rate and seedling growth can be improved by soaking the upper part (3-5 seconds) with the mixed solution of Baume 5 degree sulfur mixture and 0.5% sodium pentachloride, and soaking the roots with clear water for 6-8 hours.
Soil irrigation:
Vineyard irrigation uses different methods under different terrain conditions. Commonly used methods include border irrigation, surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and pipe irrigation, and the function and water consumption of each irrigation method are different, as shown in the following figure.
(1) border irrigation
Methods: Make a bed every frame and water it.
Action plot: flat terrain, sufficient water and convenient watering.
Function: Not only topdressing and basal dressing.
Ease of use: simple and easy.
(2) furrow irrigation
Methods: Dig 1m ditches between rows, irrigate along the ditches, and fill the ditches after irrigation.
Usage diagram: plan view.
Function: mostly used for topdressing and deep ploughing.
Ease of use: simple and easy.
(3) Acupoint irrigation
Methods: Dig holes and water the plants.
Land use: water-deficient land on hilly slope.
Function: Reduce surface runoff and prevent soil erosion.
Ease of use: simple and easy.
(4) Sprinkling irrigation
Methods: Install the pipeline, spray water into the air to form fine droplets, and spray them on the stent.
Land use: mountainous and hilly land.
Function: combined with fertilizer spraying and drug spraying, it saves water and labor.
Ease of use: Special installation is required.
(5) Drip irrigation
Methods: Bury the pipeline underground, and water dripped from the pipeline to moisten the soil.
Land use: used in mountainous and hilly slopes.
Function: It saves water, and has a good effect of maintaining fertilizer and water, and can also be topdressing.
Ease of use: Special installation is required.
"Fruit trees are not suitable for flood irrigation. Drip irrigation water is uniform, timely and convenient. Fertilizer can be melted in water [1], and fertilizer water can be directly transported to the roots, which reduces the artificial fertilization link and plays a great role in improving the yield and quality of grapes and reducing labor costs.