Yao Naishan's Hangzhou port urged early farming.

Take the mountain and fly to persuade early farming.

Author: Yao Nai

Cuckoo flew in to persuade early ploughing,

Take a hoe and take advantage of the beautiful spring.

Melaleuca tree pathway,

The sound of running water around Shan Ye.

Precautions:

1, hoe: egret.

2. Flap: Flap your wings.

Translation:

Cuckoo flies around to persuade people to farm early,

When the weather is clear, egrets flap their wings in the sky.

Walking on the road between layers of stone trees,

I heard the sound of running water in the country in the mountains.

Appreciate:

The first two sentences describe the activities of two kinds of birds with image antitheses, and sort them out, creating a timely atmosphere for writing about spring ploughing. Cuckoo, cuckoo, people are familiar with it. It sings in the spring ploughing season in the south, and its cry of sowing grain sounds like urging people to grow grain, so it is called cuckoo. A word of persuasion personified the cuckoo's cry, vivid and affectionate. The hoe is an egret, which is also a common bird in Jiangnan. It is snow-white with slender legs and likes to move in rice fields and rivers. This bird takes off in the water and can hear the flapping of its wings far away. The egrets flying in groups under clear water, green Shan Ye and blue sky are beautiful. Du Fu left a line of stories about egrets. In this poem, the author personifies the hoe with one word, as if it understands that beautiful spring scenery is fleeting, so we should seize the time to show our charm. It can be said that the activities of these two birds in the mountains during spring ploughing not only enlivened the mountain village in spring, but also created a strong atmosphere for the following spring ploughing.

The third sentence, write a deduction, and write a steep mountain road song from the perspective of looking up. Looking up from the bottom of the mountain, I saw the mountain road circling up, blocked by layers of trees and rocks, and sometimes showing a short section, so it circled up and down intermittently, and the higher the plate, the higher and thinner it was. With exquisite brushwork and ingenious perspective, the author vividly shows the characteristics of the mountain road in the south of the Yangtze River, and also highlights the background of mountain life. At the same time, it also hides another line, secretly writing the poet's climbing road, enjoying it while climbing, giving people endless imagination and aftertaste. If there is no such sentence, then there is no basis for Yamada to write spring ploughing by releasing water.

The last sentence is the theme of the whole poem, which tells the busy scene of farmers sowing water and grain in mountainous areas. The poet paid attention to the spring ploughing in mountainous rural areas, and finally came out. At this time, the poet has come to the mountain. Looking down, I saw the terraces on the hillside below the mountain as smooth as a mirror, wrapped around the mountains like a belt under the reflection of sunlight; There was a murmur of running water in the direction of the terrace. It can be seen from the underwater sound that farmers have begun to sow rice and busy spring ploughing has begun. At this point, the first sentence of Cuckoo's Persuasion has been echoed, the theme of the whole poem has been highlighted, and the poet's joy at the beginning of the mountain is beyond words. The author loves nature, and he appreciates the rural life that is integrated with nature. When the natural scenery has been harmoniously integrated with people's lives, how can a poet not sincerely praise and sing?

The poem is about what you saw and heard in the mountains. It is cleverly conceived, appropriately tailored, vivid and elegant in language, and has no redundant words. Tongcheng school advocates elegance and opposes redundant words, which can be seen here.

Wen Tingyun swam to the good early.

Shang shan Zao hang

Author: Wen

Original text:

I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown.

When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.

Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post.

Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.

Precautions:

1, Shangshan: Shanming, also known as Shangban and Chushan, is located in the southeast of Shangzhou City, Shaanxi Province.

2. Du: A clock that vibrates and moves. Tudor: A bell that hangs around a horse's neck while driving. Tudor: The big clock.

3. Quercus: a deciduous tree. Although the leaves wither in winter, they don't fall until the branches sprout in spring.

4. A photo of a sweet orange flower posted on the wall: some versions (such as the People's Education Edition "Chinese Ninth Grade" reciting ancient poems after class) are attached to the wall as a sweet orange flower. Some people think that the photos are wrong (see Song's "People's Education Edition Chinese Ninth Grade Finger Defects"). Zhi ǐ: Also called smelly orange, deciduous shrub or small tree. White flowers bloom in spring, and the fruit is slightly smaller than orange. The sour ones are inedible and can be used as medicine. Post wall: the wall of the post office. Note: In ancient times, people who sent official documents or officials who came and went stayed to change horses. There are bright bitter orange blossoms on the wall of the post office.

5. Ling Du: Place name, located in the south of Chang 'an (now southeast of Xi 'an, Shaanxi), was Du Guobo in ancient times, Du County, Qin Wei. The mausoleum built by Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty was above Dongyuan, hence the name Ling Du. This refers to Chang 'an. At this time, the author visited friends in Xiangyang from Chang 'an and passed by Shangshan. Therefore, I remembered my dream when I was in Chang 'an.

6.(f) Wild geese: wild ducks; Goose is a migratory bird, which flies north in spring and south in autumn. Back to the pond: a winding pond on the shore. This sentence is about Du's dream.

Translation:

Get up at dawn, the bells of horses and chariots have jingled,

People who travel are still bent on missing their hometown.

The chicken is loud and clear, and the thatched shop is bathed in the afterglow of Xiao Yue;

Footprints are messy, and the wooden bridge is covered with early spring frost.

Withered oak leaves are covered with barren hills and roads;

Pale white bitter orange blossoms lit up the mud wall of the post station.

Therefore, I remembered the beautiful scene of dreaming about Ling Du last night.

Flocks of geese are playing in the clear pond.

Appreciate:

The reason why this poem is recited by people is that it truly reflects some common feelings of ordinary travelers in feudal society through its distinctive artistic image.

The first sentence shows a typical scene of leaving early, which is very general. In the morning, the bells of horses and chariots have sounded inside and outside the hotel, suggesting many activities such as riding and driving. The second sentence is the author talking about himself, but it also applies to ordinary passengers. It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while. In feudal society, due to traffic difficulties, weak human feelings and many other reasons, ordinary people often moved to different places and dared not travel far. The poem "Visiting my hometown with sadness" can arouse readers' emotions.

Three or four sentences have always been popular. Mei in the Song Dynasty once said to Ouyang Xiu: The best poems should be difficult to write, for example, there are endless opinions in front of you. Ouyang Xiu asked him to give an example, so he quoted these two sentences and Jia Dao's strange birds singing in the wilderness and fearing pedestrians at sunset, and asked, Isn't it obvious that the road is difficult and the journey is sad? ("Poems on June 1") Li Dongyang in Ming Dynasty further analyzed that it is rare to mention "seeking near the customs" in two sentences without using one or two idle words, but it has a sonorous rhyme and full image. The sonorous rhyme and abundant images are the necessary conditions for all good poems. Li Dongyang put forward these two points as subordinate conditions for not using one or two idle words, and only mentioned the word "closing the door to find words", which can explain the artistic characteristics of these two poems. The so-called function words refer to various words other than nouns; The word "finding the right place" refers to the choice and combination of nouns representing typical scenery. These two poems can be broken down into ten nouns representing ten kinds of scenery: chicken, sound, hair, shop, moon, people, trace, board, bridge and frost. Although in the poem, the rooster's voice, Maodian, Renji and Banqiao are all combined as attributes and radical phrases, because all attributes are nouns, the specific meaning of nouns remains. For example, the combination of chicken sound and chicken harmony can completely arouse the visual image of attracting the neck to sing. Maodian, Renji and Banqiao are similar.

In ancient times, for the sake of safety, passengers usually stayed at home before it was too late, and crows also saw the sky early. Since the poet wrote about walking in the morning, the cock crow and the moon shine. Maodian is a characteristic scenery in mountainous areas. Chickens crow in Mao shops, and travelers live in Mao shops. When they hear the cock crow, they will get up and look at the sky. When they saw the moon in the sky, they packed their bags and got up and hurried on.

Similarly, for early walkers, Banqiao, frost and people on the frost are also characteristic scenery. The author set out on the road before the cock broke dawn and the waning moon set, which is also an early trip; But it's already cold and cheerless Banqiao frost. It's really early and late, and there are more pedestrians who leave early! These two poems composed of pure nouns are full of images describing the scene of early death.

Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and Zhihua Ming Yi Wall is two sentences, describing the scenery on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off. At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. Because it was not bright, the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall was more conspicuous, so a clear word was used. It can be seen that the poet has never forgotten the word early departure.

The scenery of the early journey reminds the poet of the hometown scenery that appeared in his dream last night: the geese return to the pond. Spring has come, hometown Ling Du, back to the pond to boil water to keep warm, geese enjoy themselves; I, on the other hand, am far from home, stopping at Maodian and running around on the mountain road. Du made up for his homesickness at night in Maodian and took care of his hometown from beginning to end. The scenery of my hometown in my dream is in sharp contrast with the scenery on my trip. What I saw in my eyes was the mistletoe that fell on the mountain road, and what I thought in my heart was that the geese returned to the pond with full loads. The scenery and feelings of the morning trip have been perfectly expressed.

Shangshan's early parting poems

Shang shan Zao hang

Author: Wen

Original text:

I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown.

When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.

Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post.

Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.

Precautions:

1, Shangshan: Shangshan, also known as Shangban and Chushan, is located at the junction of Shanyang County and Danfeng County in the southeast of Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province. The author left Chang 'an in the middle and late years (No.847860 of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) and passed through here.

2. Dynamic collection: the bell that vibrates the trip. Tudor: A bell that hangs around a horse's neck while driving. Tudor: The big clock.

3. Oak: a deciduous tree growing in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province. Although the leaves wither in winter, they don't fall until the branches sprout in spring. Every Dragon Boat Festival, mistletoe zongzi wrapped in this leaf has become a local feature.

4. Zhihua Ming Yi Qiang: Some versions (such as People's Education Edition "Chinese", the first volume of the ninth grade, reciting ancient poems after class) are regarded as knowing Zhao Hua Yi Qiang, while others think that the photos are wrong (see People's Education Edition of Zhihua Ming Yi Qiang People's Education Edition "Chinese", the first volume of the ninth grade refers to defects). Ming: Make it bright. Zhi ǐ: Also called smelly orange, deciduous shrub or small tree. White flowers bloom in spring, and the fruit is slightly smaller than orange. The sour ones are inedible and can be used as medicine. Post wall: the wall of the post office. Note: In ancient times, people who sent official documents or officials who came and went stayed to change horses. There are bright bitter orange blossoms on the wall of the post office.

5. Ling Du: Place name, in the south of Chang 'an (now southeast of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province), was Du Guobo in ancient times and Du County, Qin Wei. The mausoleum built by Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty was on Dongyuan, so it was named Ling Du, which refers to Chang 'an here. At this time, the author visited friends in Xiangyang from Chang 'an and passed by Shangshan. Therefore, I remembered my dream when I was in Chang 'an.

6.(f) Wild geese: wild ducks; Goose is a migratory bird, which flies north in spring and south in autumn. Back to the pond: a winding pond on the shore. This sentence is about Du's dream.

7. Back to the pond: a crooked lakes and marshes on the shore.

Poetic:

Get up at dawn, the bells of horses and chariots have shaken;

Traveling all the way, the wanderer misses his hometown.

The chicken is loud and clear, and the thatched shop is bathed in the afterglow of Xiao Yue;

Footprints are blurred, and the wooden bridge is covered with early spring frost.

Withered oak leaves are covered with barren hills and roads;

There are bright pale white and bitter orange flowers on the mud wall of the post office.

Therefore, I remembered the beautiful scene of dreaming about Ling Du last night.

Flocks of ducks and geese frolic in the winding lakes and marshes on the shore.

Appreciate:

The reason why this poem is recited by people is that it truly reflects some common feelings of ordinary travelers in feudal society through its distinctive artistic image.

Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and bitter orange flowers shine on the column wall, depicting the scenery just on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off. At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. Because it is still not bright, the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall is more conspicuous, so a photo word is used. It can be seen that the poet has never forgotten the word early departure.

Du Mu in Mountain Tour _ Ancient Poems in Mountain Tour

Mountain travel

Author: Du Mu

The stone road winds to the cliff in the distance.

Where there are some white clouds, you can see some households.

I stopped the carriage and was fascinated by Fenglin.

The frosty autumn leaves are redder than the flowers in February.

Precautions:

1, hiking: walking in the mountains.

2. Hanshan: refers to the mountain in late autumn.

3. Diameter: path.

4. Bai Yunsheng: The rising, winding and floating dynamics of white clouds also show that this mountain is very high.

5. Oblique: This word is pronounced xi, which means extension.

6. Sit: Because.

Translation:

The rocky path is far from the top of the mountain, winding and crooked.

There are several families where Baiyun grows.

I stopped the carriage only because I like the night view of Fenglin.

Frosted maple leaves are better than bright February flowers.

Appreciate:

This is a seven-character quatrain that describes and praises the scenery of mountains and forests in late autumn.

The first sentence is far from Hanshan, and the stone path is inclined. From the bottom up, write a stone road, winding to the mountains and autumn. Cold words in late autumn; Write down the length of the mountain road in distant words; The oblique characters take care of the distant characters at the beginning of the sentence and write a high and slow mountain. Because the slope is not big, you can travel by car.

There are people in the depths of the white clouds, describing the distant scenery that the poet saw while hiking in the mountains. A new word vividly shows the dynamics of white clouds rising, winding and floating, and also shows that mountains are very high. The word "somebody else" will make people think of smoke curling up, chickens barking and dogs barking, making them feel that the mountains are full of vitality and there is no dead terror. Some people also take care of the stone road in the above sentence, because this stone road is a passage for mountain residents.

In the third sentence, the word "stop and sit in the maple forest" is interpreted as "because". Because the evening scenery of the sunset maple forest is so charming, the poet deliberately stopped to watch it. The word "late" in this sentence is exquisitely used and contains multiple meanings: (1) points out that the first two sentences are seen during the day and the last two sentences are scenes at night. (2) Because there is a sunset glow in the evening, the gorgeous sunset glow and the flaming maple leaves reflect each other, and the maple forest is particularly beautiful. (3) The poet lingered, and in the evening, he reluctantly boarded the bus and left, showing his love for red leaves. (4) Because of the long parking time and careful observation, I can appreciate the fourth sentence, which is full of rational and interesting epigrams.

Frost leaves are red in February flowers, which is the central sentence of the whole poem. The descriptions of the first three sentences are all paving the way for this sentence. Why do poets use red instead of red? Because red, like flowers in spring, is nothing more than decorating natural beauty; Red flowers are incomparable to spring flowers. It is not only brighter in color, but also more cold-resistant and can stand the test of wind and frost.

This little poem is not only an impromptu ode to scenery, but also an expression of ambition. It is the expression of the poet's inner spiritual world and the sustenance of his interest, so it can enlighten and inspire readers.

This poem depicts the colors of autumn and shows a touching autumn color map of mountains and forests. The poem describes mountain roads, people, white clouds and red leaves, forming a harmonious and unified picture. These scenes are not juxtaposed in the same position, but are organically linked, with the master and the slave, some in the center of the picture and some in the background. To put it simply, the first three sentences are the object, the fourth sentence is the subject, and the first three sentences describe the background, which creates an atmosphere for the fourth sentence and plays a role in paving the way and setting off the background.

Stay away from the cold mountain, the stone path is oblique, write mountains and write mountain roads. A winding path winds to the top of the mountain. The far word describes the length of the mountain road, and the oblique word echoes the above word to write a high and slow mountain.

Someone is in Bai Yunsheng, writing about clouds and people. The poet's eyes have been looking up along this mountain road. Where the white clouds float, there are several stone houses with walls made of stone. People here take care of the stone road in the previous sentence. This mountain road is the passage for those families, right? This organically links the two kinds of scenery. There are white clouds around, which means the mountain is very high. The poet used the technique of breaking through clouds and mountains, so that these white clouds covered the reader's sight, but left room for imagination: there must be another kind of scenery besides white clouds, right?

The poet is only describing these scenery objectively. Although a cold word is used, it just sorts out the following late words and frost words, and does not show the poet's emotional tendency. After all, it is only to prepare for the following description to outline the environment where Fenglin is located.

Parking and sitting in the maple grove at night is different, and the tendency is obvious and strong. Mountain roads, white clouds and others did not impress the poet, but the evening scenery of Fenglin surprised him. In order to stop and enjoy the scenery of this mountain forest, I don't care to continue driving. The scenery written in the first two sentences is already beautiful, but the poet loves the maple forest. Through the background, I have made a good preparation for describing the maple forest, so it comes naturally and leads to the fourth sentence, pointing out the reasons for loving the maple forest.

Frost leaves are red in February flowers. To add the third sentence, a beautiful scenery of maple forest in late autumn is displayed in front of us. The poet was pleasantly surprised to find that under the sunset glow, the maple leaves were about to drip and the forest was dyed. It is really full of mountains and clouds, just like bright rosy clouds. More fiery than the spring flowers in February in Jiangnan! What is commendable is that the poet saw the vitality of autumn as spring through this piece of red, which made Lin Qiu present a warm and vibrant scene.

Unlike ordinary feudal literati, this poet did not sigh sadly when autumn came. He praised the beauty of autumn in nature, embodied the spirit of being bold and uplifting, and showed the poet's talent and insight with a wave of his pen. This is an autumn hymn.

The fourth sentence is the center of the whole poem, written by the poet with strong colors and coherent brushwork. Not only did the first two sentences set off the gorgeous autumn scenery, but even the seemingly lyrical narrative of stopping to sit and love maple trees late actually played a role in setting off the scenery: the poet who stopped to watch, Tao Ran drunk, became a part of the scenery, and with this scene, the autumn scenery became more charming. After a rewriting, it came to an abrupt end, and it seemed melodious and memorable.

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