1. The psychology of patients before operation
The most prominent psychological problems before operation are anxiety and fear. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, he looked forward to an early operation. After the operation, he was so scared that he couldn't eat or sleep well. Although I took sleeping pills on the night of the operation, I still couldn't sleep. There are many reasons for anxiety and fear:
(1) Fear and anxiety about anesthesia: Do patients mistakenly think that they will still have pain after anesthesia because they don't understand the way, function, tolerance and negative effects of anesthesia? Does anesthesia affect the brain? Wait a minute.
(2) Fear of pain during operation: Patients often ask, "Do I feel the knife cut my skin?" "What if the anesthetic disappears in the middle of the operation?" Wait for questions.
(3) Fear of death: Surgical patients, especially those undergoing major surgery, such as thoracotomy, organ transplantation, tumor surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass, are afraid to leave this world.
(4) Fear and anxiety about physical injury: This kind of psychology is common in patients undergoing radical surgery, transabdominal perineal rectal excision and colostomy, especially young patients.
(5) I am worried that there will be sequelae after operation, which will affect my future work and life.
2. The influence of patients' preoperative psychology on operation and postoperative.
It is reported that the degree of preoperative anxiety has a great influence on the surgical effect and the speed of prognosis recovery. Patients with moderate anxiety have a good effect, so these patients have realistic psychological preparation for the pain and consequences caused by surgery, can adjust their mentality in time, cooperate with treatment, and recover quickly physically and mentally. People with severe anxiety are highly nervous, can't handle it correctly, can't adjust their mentality well, and have adverse effects on surgery and postoperative. Some even make surgery impossible. A female patient, because of excessive mental stress, had to reschedule the operation just after being pushed into the operating room, with sweating, rapid heartbeat and supraventricular tachycardia. People with low anxiety or no anxiety trust doctors too much and are unprepared for the inevitable pain after operation, so that they can't cope with it after operation, which affects their recovery.
3. Psychological support of patients before operation
Nurses should carefully understand the psychological state of patients before operation and deal with them symptomatically. Correct the patient's thoughts in time and introduce the knowledge about anesthesia. Tell the patient the effect of anesthesia, the skin feeling after anesthesia, the test of anesthesia effect and the influence of anesthesia on people, so as to dispel the fear of anesthesia, the pain during anesthesia and the influence on human body. Introduce the operation process, ask the postoperative patients to talk about their feelings and enhance their confidence in the operation. For some operations that will affect the patient's image and future work and life, we should talk with the patient repeatedly before operation to explain the necessity and benefits of the operation, so that the patient can make full preparations, avoid preventable sequelae as much as possible, and let the patient accept the operation and everything brought after the operation.
Second, postoperative patients' psychology and psychological care
Once the patient wakes up from anesthesia, he is eager to know his real surgical effect first. For patients with good surgical prognosis, nurses should make it clear and introduce what patients need to cooperate after operation to encourage them to overcome pain. Such patients can generally recover quickly. If the postoperative effect is not good, it means that the patient will still be on the verge of death. After the operation, the patient was in extreme physical pain and could not bear any mental stimulation. Therefore, it is not appropriate to tell them the truth directly, and then guide them slowly after their physical strength recovers. For some plastic surgery patients, nurses should not alienate patients, should not talk behind their backs, but should give more care and care. Understand their defect psychology in time, give targeted support and let them face the reality bravely.