Remember the five-word tips for first aid for burns. When encountering first aid for burns in daily life, remember the five-word tips of "rushing, taking off, soaking, wrapping and sending". Except for minor burns, the injured were immediately sent to the burn department of a nearby hospital for further treatment. Let's look at the first aid for burns and remember the five-word formula.
Remember the five-word formula of burn first aid 1. Accidents will happen. Not only to prevent "burns", but also to have common sense in dealing with burns and scalds. Unscientific first aid methods will increase the difficulty of later treatment for burn patients. In many burns and other incidents, due to some improper practices in first aid, it brings "secondary injury" to the burned person. Experts remind that in the early treatment of burns, never use soy sauce, toothpaste, mercuric chloride, purple liquid, etc. as healing "drugs", which may affect the doctor's observation and judgment on the depth of burns and increase the chance of wound infection. To provide the public with on-site first aid advice for different burns and scalds.
1, open flame burns
If the burning clothes on the wounded are difficult to take off, you can roll on the ground to put out the fire, or douse the flame with water. Don't run with the fire, and don't beat it with your hands, otherwise it may make the fire burn with the wind and your hands will be burned. Don't shout loudly in the fire, so as not to cause respiratory tract burns. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent suffocation or poisoning caused by inhalation of smoke.
When giving first aid to burns, we should keep in mind the five main points of "rushing, taking off, soaking, wrapping and sending".
Flushing: After burns and scalds, although people are out of the heat source, there is still heat in their skin, which leads to injuries. At this time, it is necessary to cool down as soon as possible and wash it under tap water for the first time.
Wash the wound with 15-20℃ flowing cold water for 15-30 minutes until the tingling and burning sensation are improved. Cold water can quickly dissipate heat and reduce the damage to deep tissues of the skin. The washing time must be enough, otherwise the effect is not good.
Take off: If there is a pack of clothes at the burn, soak the injured person's clothes in cold water and carefully take them off, and cut them open with scissors if necessary. If the clothes stick to the skin wound, keep the stuck part, and never take it off forcibly, so as not to burn the skin of the scalded part or break the blisters to aggravate the injury.
Bubble: If the burn still hurts, soak the wound in clean cold water at 15-20 degrees Celsius 15-30 minutes. Be careful not to soak in ice water with ice, which is easy to get frostbite; Cover the body parts that can't be soaked in cold water with a towel or gauze. Patients with extensive burns and scalds, especially children and the elderly, should avoid being soaked in cold water for a long time to avoid hypothermia causing harm to their bodies.
Covering: If the scalded area is large or the skin of the wound has been damaged, gently cover the wound with a clean towel, gauze or cloth to avoid infection. Remember not to use any folk remedies such as topical medicine, toothpaste and soy sauce.
After scalding, toothpaste, soy sauce, vinegar, lard or other folk remedies will not play a therapeutic role, but may lead to aggravated wound injury or infection, and at the same time affect doctors' evaluation and diagnosis of burn wounds and delay treatment.
Send: Except for minor burns, take a few steps first, and immediately send the injured to the burn department of a nearby hospital for further treatment.
2, boiling water burns
After being scalded by boiling water, the simplest and most effective first aid method is to rinse with a large amount of running water for about 20 minutes to keep the temperature of the affected area consistent with the normal skin temperature around. In the process of washing, it should be noted that the impulse of running water should not be too great, and the integrity of blisters after scalding should be preserved as much as possible. If there are clothes, they should be cut off after cooling, but they should not be forcibly peeled off to avoid tearing out blisters.
Wounds should not be treated according to folk remedies, especially colored "red syrup" or "purple syrup", or even smeared with soy sauce, so as not to affect doctors' judgment on the severity of burns. After the above simple treatment, you can use an ice pack to compress the wound to relieve the pain, and at the same time go to a specialized hospital or burn plastic surgery department for treatment.
3, electric shock burns
The biggest danger of electric shock burns is internal burns. When someone is found to get an electric shock, please immediately follow the following steps-first cut off the power supply, or remove the power supply with insulators, such as dry sticks, branches, broom handles, etc. When the power supply is unknown, remember not to touch the person who gets an electric shock directly with your hands.
In the bathroom or wet place, the rescuer should wear insulating rubber shoes and rubber gloves or stand on a dry board to protect himself. If the injured person has no heartbeat or breathing, call 120 for an ambulance and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately. Don't give up easily until the doctors and nurses arrive. Patients with local burns should immediately cool down, and then take local materials to wrap the wound and send it to hospital for treatment.
Remember the five-word formula of first aid for burns. Boiling oil will burn.
When scalded by hot oil, immediately wipe off the spilled oil with a soft cotton cloth, and then wet the scalded area with a clean towel dipped in cold water, provided that the affected area is not damaged. To remove high-temperature oil, apply it with cold water. The purpose of this is to cool down and relieve pain. Minimize the depth of burns. Burn degree is shallow, generally won't leave a scar. But there will be pigmentation after the wound heals and dries, but it will take some time for these pigmentation to disappear completely, ranging from a few days to a month. It is best to avoid spicy food, alcohol and tobacco, and try not to eat ginger and soy sauce before the wound heals.
5, chemical burns
The on-site treatment of chemical skin burn is to leave the scene immediately and take off the clothes, shoes and socks contaminated by chemicals quickly. Burns caused by concentrated sulfuric acid and quicklime cannot be washed with water immediately, but should be dried with a clean cloth first. Don't apply ointment or mercuric chloride to fresh wounds at will, and don't wrap them with dirty cloth. When burned by yellow phosphorus, wash with plenty of water, soak or cover the wound with multiple layers of wet cloth. At the same time, burns are often accompanied by fractures, bleeding and other injuries, and should be treated in time at the scene. Burn patients should be sent to the hospital in time.
6, electric iron burns
First of all, cut off the power immediately, then rinse or soak in cold water, or wrap ice cubes with towels and apply them to the scalded area instead of applying drugs or vegetable oil or soybean oil. Applying soybean oil and vegetable oil is a folk prescription, so it is not recommended. Large-scale burns must be sent to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment.
7, drinking water burns
When scalded by drinking boiled water, patients will cough violently and have hoarse voice; At the same time, it is accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat and dysphagia, which is a mild injury. In case of throat burns: First, you can slowly swallow cold water immediately to relieve the pain. Do not eat hard or hot food, mainly liquid food; 2. Chinese herbal medicines 10g, namely Folium Isatidis, Herba Schizonepetae, Herba Menthae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Platycodi and Radix Glycyrrhizae, can be decocted in water and swallowed frequently. The third is to avoid irritation and spicy food. If the throat edema is serious and obviously affects breathing, they should be sent to the hospital immediately for diagnosis and treatment.
The doctor said that the treatment is basically the same in principle, whether it is oil pan burn, gas explosion burn or electric burn. First, leave the hot environment, and then take the "cold therapy" method to cool the burned skin, so as to relieve the pain and avoid the aggravation of the injury.