First, the mechanism of increasing production.
(1) Ventilation and light transmission. This wide and narrow cultivation method naturally forms an 80 cm wide ventilation belt between combinations. Compared with single row cultivation in small ridges, the wind speed between ridges is increased by about 53%, the light intensity is increased by 30%, the wind speed between plants is increased by 39%, and the light intensity is increased by 35%, which is beneficial to maize photosynthesis, giving full play to marginal effect and improving maize yield and quality.
(2) Increase the density. Because of good ventilation and light transmission, the root system of corn is developed and the stem is thick, which enhances the lodging resistance and lays the foundation for increasing the planting density of corn appropriately. Planting 500 ~ 1000 plants in a single row in a small ridge per mu will increase the population yield.
(3) Save water and moisture. Using drip irrigation technology can realize the economic utilization of water. According to the measurement, shallow-buried drip irrigation technology saves 70% water than flood irrigation, 30m3 water per mu, 50% water than sprinkler irrigation, water per mu 10 m3, and the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm is 2.3% higher than that of single row cultivation in small ridges.
(5) High fertilizer utilization rate. Shallow-buried drip irrigation technology is not affected by the weather, it can replenish water at any time according to the law of corn water demand, give full play to fertilizer efficiency, and completely solve the problem that corn can not be topdressing normally at the trumpet stage in the past. According to the experiment, this cultivation method improves the fertilizer utilization rate by 20% compared with single row planting in small ridges. This farming method does not change the original ridge type and conforms to the original working conditions of small four-wheel tractors and supporting agricultural machinery. Therefore, the whole process of soil preparation, fertilization, sowing, pipe laying, film mulching, harvesting and stubble returning is mechanized, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of farmers and improves the labor productivity.
Second, the cultivation techniques
(1) Select land and stubble. Shallow-buried drip irrigation maize has lush plants and developed roots, so we should choose plots with deep plough layer, loose soil, high fertility, water and fertilizer conservation, good drainage and close to water sources. In order to improve the quality of plastic film mulching, we should choose "soft stubble" and "fat stubble" which are not easy to pick up and kill, such as melon stubble, soybean stubble and potato stubble. Never choose herbicide stubble with long residual effect, which has an impact on the growth and development of corn. If you choose corn stubble, you must implement three-year rotation.
(2) Variety selection. Select approved varieties with high yield, high quality, density tolerance, strong adaptability and disease resistance, and the growth period is 7- 10 days longer than that of conventional cultivation, such as Lihe 1 16, Xianyu 355, etc. It is required that the seed purity is not less than 98%, the purity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 90%, and the water content is not more than 16%, and the seed coating agent is used for coating, mainly to control corn underground pests and head smut.
(3) Soil preparation and fertilization. Autumn ploughing, autumn harrowing, autumn fertilization, autumn ridging and autumn suppression. The organic combination of ploughing and subsoiling can break the bottom of plough and add deep ploughing layer, which is beneficial to the development of maize root system. For plots with stubble returned to the field, stubble and straw should be removed before ridging to improve the quality of soil preparation. Combined with soil preparation, base fertilizer is well applied, and soil testing and formula fertilization are implemented.
(4) Sow in time. Sowing can be done when the ground temperature of 5- 10 cm plough layer is stable above 7℃. Adjust the plowshare spacing for furrowing on a four-wheeled vehicle to 50 cm, with every two ridges as a combination, adopt mechanical furrowing on the ridges, with a depth of 8 ~ 10 cm, sit in water for precise sowing, plant spacing of 25 cm, covering soil of 4 cm, seeds of 2.5 kg/mu, base fertilizer of 20 kg/mu, and 4,500 seedlings per mu.
(5) Closed weeding. After sowing, use 200-250ml of 52% acetochlor and atrazine suspension emulsion per mu before seedling.
(6) Pipeline laying. After spraying, the drip irrigation pipe at the end of the drip irrigation system is paved in each ridge and furrow combination by machinery for shallow burying. Ridge shaping can be realized.
Third, on-site management
(1) After the on-site inspection of pipeline laying, the on-site inspection of pipeline laying quality should be conducted frequently. If the pipeline laying is damaged or blown away by the wind, immediately cover it with wet soil.
(2) The irrigation amount of topdressing corn depends on the water demand, soil moisture and weather drought in each stage. In case of drought at seedling stage, it is advisable to drip water in time to ensure 60% of soil field capacity; The jointing and booting stage is the key period for maize to need water and fertilizer. Topdressing urea 15kg/ mu at jointing and booting stage, and appropriate irrigation in combination with soil moisture.
Fourth, timely harvest.
The bracts of corn are dry and loose, the seeds are hard, the cortex is bright, and a black layer appears on the section where the seeds meet the cob, indicating that corn has entered a mature stage and can be harvested in time. Conditional areas can adopt appropriate unified late harvest methods to reduce the water content of corn seeds.