Growth habit of red maple:
Subtropical tree species prefer humid, warm climate and cool environment, are more resistant to shade and cold, and avoid exposure to the hot sun, but they can also grow in full light in spring and autumn. The soil requirement is not strict, it is suitable for growing in fertile acidic or neutral sandy loam rich in humus, and it is not tolerant to waterlogging. Hongfeng likes warm, humid and cool climate. It likes light, but it is afraid of the scorching sun. It is a neutral shade tree species. In summer, when it is attacked by dry and hot wind, its leaf edge will shrink and its bark will be scorched at high temperature. Although Hongfeng likes warmth, it is cold-resistant. In the Yellow River basin, the temperature is as low as -20℃ in winter, but as long as the environment is good, it can still overwinter in the open air. As for the north of the Yellow River, potted plants should be used, and it is advisable to go indoors in winter. Acer truncatum can adapt to the soil pH value range of 5.5~7.5, so it can grow in slightly acidic soil, neutral soil and calcareous soil.
Propagation method of red maple:
The sowing variation of Acer truncatum is great, and it is mainly propagated by grafting and cutting. Grafting propagation should use 2-4 year-old Acer truncatum seedlings as rootstock, cutting should be carried out in March-April, and the height of rootstock can be determined according to needs; Docking in rainy season from May to June, and cutting after defoliation in autumn. This method is only used for a few rare varieties. Bud grafting is the most common application, and the best time is from late May to late June and from late August to late September after autumn. Early summer is the peak period of branch growth. The full buds on the sunny short branches of Hongfeng were used as grafting buds, and the petiole was 65438±0cm long. The temperature is getting higher and higher after grafting. Although the grafting is wrapped with plastic tape, the buds and petioles are still exposed. In addition, red maple has thin cortex and small grafted buds. Therefore, it is necessary to spray moisturizing regularly after pressing to improve the survival rate. This is basically the case for budding after autumn. After a week of grafting, if the petiole falls off as soon as it touches, it means it has survived, otherwise it should be patched.
Red maple can also be propagated by cutting. It is best to use this method when making small bonsai or potted plants. Cuttings are usually carried out in the rainy season from June to July. In that year, the main cutting was selected as about 20 cm, and it was quickly dipped in 1000ppm NAA powder and inserted into the matrix of vermiculite or perlite and pond mud. Pay attention to shading in the future; Spray water for moisturizing, and it can take root after about 1 month. 2-year-old branches can also take root with high survival rate if there is full light spraying condition. Shading should be done after transplantation, and after half a month, sunlight can be gradually accepted, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened.
The main points of Hongfeng culture:
Choose the right variety
Hongfeng seedling market is in an extremely chaotic state, so it is very important to choose a reliable seedling company to buy good varieties, otherwise it will be wiped out. There are no fewer than 30 varieties of American red maple in China, which is difficult to distinguish. Especially at seedling stage, it can only be distinguished from leaves. People who have planted Hongfeng for 65,438+00 years can't tell 65,438+000% of the varieties from the leaves alone, let alone ordinary growers. At the same time, most American red maple will have red leaves at seedling stage, which makes variety identification more confusing. You must choose a company with a brand and high quality provenance to buy seedlings.
Pest control
The introduction of American red maple has been nearly 10 years, and the sowing has been more than 10 years. It is reasonable that there should be a large number of engineering seedlings on the market. Why are there so few suppliers of seedlings in the market now? A big reason is that management has not kept up, especially pests and diseases. Take the harm of longicorn beetles as an example, the negligence of 1 year can make the seedlings completely annihilated, and few enterprises really overcome this difficulty.
Soil improvement and water and fertilizer management
Hongfeng is a fast-growing tree species, and its growth rate depends entirely on water and fertilizer management. Good management can make the growth rate of Hongfeng 1 year exceed 2 cm. The cultivation of Hongfeng in the United States has been refined to different stages of seedlings and different water and fertilizer control in different periods (such as infant milk powder formula for different age groups). Doubletree Hotel customers will provide management manuals free of charge.
Shaping and pruning
At present, the planting of red maple is still relatively extensive, and there are many ideas such as partial crown and insufficient crown. In the future, the competition will be more intense, and the market of improved seedlings will be digested faster, which requires more detailed plastic and construction plans. In addition, pruning of red maple in different periods will have different effects on seedling growth.