Keywords: Emerald pear; Introduce performance; cultivation techniques
China Library Classification Number: S66 1.2
Document id: b
Article number:1002-2910 (2007) 01-0018-02.
From 65438 to 0999, 2,400 seedlings of Emerald Pear were introduced from shandong institute of pomology and planted in Xinchang County Famous Fruit Demonstration Park. After 6 years' observation, this variety has strong adaptability, early fruiting and high yield, large fruit with high quality, storage and transportation resistance and strong disease resistance, and is suitable for local cultivation.
1 Introduction
Xinchang County is located in the middle of Zhejiang Province, which belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone. The territory is mountainous and hilly. The altitude is 28 ~ 998m, and the altitude of the demonstration park is 176m. Annual average temperature 17.5℃, annual precipitation 1374mm, annual sunshine 1943 hours, extreme maximum temperature 42.8℃, extreme minimum temperature-10.3℃, and average temperature in July 28.5℃. The accumulated hours of low temperature below 7℃ in winter are more than 900 hours. The frost-free period is more than 240 days. The relative humidity is 82%, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated from March to September. The introduction demonstration garden is a natural platform of basalt gentle slope, with an area of 3hm2 and red clay loam. The soil layer is about 70cm thick, with a pH value of 5.6 and medium fertility. 199965438+planted in February, with a spacing of 2m×4m. Cuiguan pear is a pollination tree, and the configuration is 2∶ 1.
2 Introduction to performance
2. 1 growth and fruiting habits
Small trees grow vigorously, stand upright and have thick branches. The maximum length of 1 annual branch is 2.5m, the height of 6-year-old tree is 2.5m (single-layer open heart), the stem circumference is 35. 1cm, the average crown width is 3.0m, the germination rate is 75%, and the branching rate is low. The short fruit branches are mainly fruiting, and the middle fruit branches and axillary buds also have strong fruiting ability. Generally speaking, the branches of the year are not easy to form flower buds, but they are easy to form flowers after being pulled, with high yield. Flowering began in the second year after planting, with an average fruit yield of 320kg in the third year,10/2 kg in the fourth year, 1964kg in the fifth year and 2282kg in the sixth year. The fruit setting rate is high, close to the local Cuiguan, higher than Xizi Green and Qing Xiang.
2.2 Economic characteristics of fruits
The fruit is oblate. The average fruit weight is 248g, the maximum fruit weight is 632g, the peel is green, the fruit point is large, the fruit surface is smooth and slightly rusty. After the double-layer fruit bag with yellow inside and white outside is covered, the peel is bright green, the fruit point is small, the fruit surface is bright and there is no rust spot. After the double-layer fruit bag with black inside and gray outside was covered, the peel was jade white, with small fruit points, smooth fruit surface and no rust spots. The flesh is milky white, tender and firm, with more juice. Soluble solid content 13.2%, sweet taste, few stone cells and high quality. Storage and transportation resistance, shelf life 15 days at normal temperature, and storage at 4 ~ 7℃ for 45 ~ 60 days.
2.3 phenology
It germinated at the end of February in Xinchang, Zhejiang, and the flower buds expanded in mid-March, blossomed in early March, blossomed in early April, withered in mid-April, matured in late July, and fell leaves in mid-10.
2.4 Adaptability
Emerald pear has strong adaptability to the local high temperature and high humidity ecological environment. The resistance to pear scab and ring rot was obviously stronger than Cuiguan, Xizilv and Qing Xiang.
3 main cultivation techniques
3. 1 colonization
Before sowing in autumn, dig planting holes with a length of 1m, a width of 1m and a depth of 0.8m When digging holes, the topsoil and subsoil are stacked separately, and 50kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole. When backfilling, the topsoil is at the bottom, the subsoil is at the top, and the backfill soil is 20cm above the ground. 65438+planted in early February.
3.2 Fertilizer and water management
1 ~ 2-year-old young trees should apply thin fertilizer frequently, and apply fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times a month after sprouting and spreading leaves. Each plant is diluted with 15 kg of human and animal feces to promote growth and crown formation. Results In late September, basal fertilizer was applied to the tree weight, mainly decomposed organic fertilizer, accounting for 70% of the annual fertilization. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used in fruit expansion period and post-harvest topdressing; Foliage fertilizer is sprayed with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 15 days 1 time. In 2006, the pear yield per 666.7m2 was 2282kg, and the fertilization amount was 20kg of nitrogen, 20kg of phosphorus 15kg and 20kg of potassium, with the ratio of 10:8: 10. June to July is the rainy season, so it is necessary to ditch and drain in time to prevent waterlogging. July is a period of rapid expansion before fruit ripens. In case of high temperature and drought, timely irrigate 1 ~ 2 times. When there is high temperature and drought in September ~ 10, irrigation should also be done in time to prevent drought and protect leaves.
3.3 Plastic dressing
Single-layer open-heart type is adopted, and the plastic surgery is mainly based on thinning, stretching and light cutting. The trunk is fixed at 40cm, and 3 ~ 4 main branches are selected, and 2 ~ 3 lateral branches are cultivated for each main branch. The angle of young trees' main branches is pulled to 45 ~ 70, which can promote the formation of short and medium fruit branches and ensure early fruit and high yield. The long straight branches on the main side branches are repeatedly enucleated to control overgrowth and cultivate fruiting branches. Tree height should be controlled below 2.5 meters.
3.4 flower thinning and fruit thinning
Emerald pear has a high fruit setting rate, and each inflorescence can bear 3 ~ 8 fruits, which needs to be thinned. At the end of March, when the flower bud scales are loose and the flower bud turns white, the weak flower bud and the flower bud on the upright fruit branch should be thinned. Only the upper part of the flower bud is cut off during thinning, and the leaf bud leaves long leaves to increase the effective leaf area. After the physiological fruit drop in late April, the fruit is extremely large, extremely large, extremely small, and the fruit is thinned by pests and diseases. Generally, only 1 fruit is left in each inflorescence, and the distance between fruits is 15 ~ 20 cm. Six-year-old trees have 150 ~ 200 fruits per plant, and fruit is set when bagging in mid-May, with 120 ~ 150 fruits per plant.
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