After his father and brother Edmund (Earl of Rutland) died in wakefield, Richard, who was still a little boy, was protected by Earl of Warwick. He and Francis are at Warwick's estate? Lovel (later Viscount Lovel) became an excellent friend, and this friendship remained quite stable for the rest of Richard's life. Another child in this family is Warwick's daughter anne neville, who later married Richard. During the reign of King Edward IV of England, Richard not only showed his loyalty to his brother, but also showed his talent as a military commander. He was awarded the title of Duke of Gloucester and a large area of land in northern England, and was appointed Governor of the North. Everything makes Richard the richest and most powerful aristocrat in England, and Edward IV of England, the loyal right-hand man of England. On the other hand, George, another brother in the family who successfully lived to adulthood? The Plantagenet Dynasty (later the first Duke of Clarence) was executed by Edward IV of England of England for treason in 1478, and its descendants were deprived of the right to inherit the throne.
Richard controlled the north of England until Edward IV of England died in England. Here, especially in York, he enjoys people's love and care. His management not only helped universities fairly and generously, but also made considerable contributions to the church. He established the Northern Parliament and promulgated some laws to protect individual rights. 1482, the town of Beric on Tweed was retaken by the Scots, which also contributed a lot to his reputation. Edward IV of England died on April 9th, 1483, and Richard was named lord protector by testamentary edict, enjoying the power of regent (not regent). Edward IV of England, England/KLOC-The 0/2-year-old son Edward V of England of England and the 9-year-old Prince Richard are the first and second heirs to the throne.
The family of Queen Elizabeth Woodville during the reign of Edward IV of England challenged the rights of Earl Warwick and interfered in court politics. When Richard III came to power, he arrested his English uncle Anthony Edward V of England? Woodville (the second Earl of Rivers, the brother-in-law of Edward IV of England) and other consultants sent them to Ponte Frebourg, Yorkshire, where they were executed for attempting to assassinate the Regent. After that, he arranged for Edward V of England of England and his younger brother Richard to move into the royal residence of the Tower of London.
On June 22nd, 1483, a representative of Richard read out a statement outside St. Paul's Cathedral, claiming for the first time that it was based on King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth? Woodville's marriage is illegal, and their children become illegitimate children and automatically lose the right to inherit the throne; Edward, the only son of Richard's brother George, was also deprived of the right to inherit the throne on the grounds of George's treason when the late king was alive. Therefore, the real heir to the British throne should be Richard. A bishop in Edward IV of England testified that he married Elizabeth? Before Woodville, he worked for Edward and Elena? Butler got married based on this woman in Elizabeth? Woodville was still alive when she married Edward IV of England. Edward IV of England and Elizabeth of England? The declaration that Woodville's marriage was invalid was immediately passed by the Parliament, and a kingship bill was enacted, officially announcing that the two little princes lost their inheritance rights, and the title of king belonged to Richard.
1483 On July 6th, Richard was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey. Although he was in office for only two years, Richard III still showed his outstanding political talent. During Richard's administration, a series of liberalization and reform measures were introduced, such as making bail bill and lifting restrictions on publishing and printing industry. He and Queen Anne donated money to Cambridge University, provided funds for the church and established the Royal heraldry College.
There have been two large-scale rebellions against Richard III in history. The first rebellion took place in 1483, by Henry Stafford (the second Duke of Buckingham) and Henry? Led by Tudor (Second Earl of Richmond). The incident was quickly quelled by Richard, and the Duke of Buckingham was beheaded near the Tauren Hotel in Salisbury. Henry. Tudor fled to France. But in 1485, there was another mutiny, this time led by Henry? Tudor and his uncle Jasper? Tudor rebels successfully landed in England and defeated Richard III in the battle of Bosworth Plain. House of lancaster defeated the York family and won a decisive victory in wars of the roses. 1August 22, 485 Richard and Henry? Tudor Lancaster troops fought in Bosworth Plain. Even if Richard's army had an advantage of two to one at first, Thomas? Stanley (1st Earl of Derby), William? Sir Stanley and Henry? Percy (Fourth Earl of northumberland) defected to Henry? Tudor seriously weakened Richard III's military strength and had a great influence on the outcome of Bosworth Battle. In addition, Richard III's close partner, John, Duke of Norfolk? Howard's death also dealt a great blow to the morale of Richard and his men.
Some records show that Richard was quite brave in the battle of Bosworth, not only taking away the famous soldier John? Sir Cheney dismounted and killed Henry? William, the standard bearer of Tudor dynasty? Sir Brandon. He almost killed Henry himself before being besieged and killed. From ancient times to the present, his last words are: "treason, treason, treason."
According to legend, Richard consulted a prophet in a town in Leicestershire before going out to war. The prophet predicted: "The place where you were hit by the spurs when riding on the battlefield will be the place where your head will bloom on the way back." On the way to Bosworth Plain, his spurs grazed the stones on the bridge. Legend has it that when Richard III's body was brought back from the battlefield on horseback, his head was broken because he hit the same stone.
Another legend is that Richard III and Henry will fight to the death, which will decide who will rule Britain. One morning before the battle, Richard sent a groom to prepare his favorite war horse. "Hurry up and nail it," the groom said to the blacksmith. "The king wants to take the lead in this matter." "You have to wait," replied the blacksmith. "A few days ago, all the war horses were nailed and the iron pieces were gone." I can't wait. The groom shouted impatiently. The blacksmith buried himself in his work, took four horseshoes from an iron bar, flattened them, shaped them, fixed them on the horseshoes, and then began to nail. After nailing three palms, he found that there were no nails to nail the fourth palm. "I'm short of some nails," he said. "I need some time to hit two. "I told you I can't wait." The groom said eagerly. "I can nail horseshoes, but they are not as strong as others." "Can I hang them?" Asked the groom. "I think so," replied the blacksmith, "but I'm not sure." "Well, that's it," cried the groom. "Hurry up, or the king will blame you." When the two armies met, King Richard took the lead and urged the soldiers to meet the enemy. Suddenly, a horseshoe fell, the horse fell to the ground and Richard was overturned. The frightened horse jumped up and fled, the king's soldiers turned and retreated, and Henry's army surrounded him. He waved his sword in the air and shouted, "A war horse! A war horse! I am willing to trade my kingdom for a war horse! " (Note: This legend has been denied by modern historians, and archaeologists have studied bones. Richard III was still fighting when he died at the last minute.
Richard became the last British king to die on the battlefield. According to historical records, after his death, his body was exposed and finally buried in St. Francis Church in Leicester. Henry. The Tudor dynasty succeeded Richard to the throne and became King henry vii of England. Then he consolidated his throne by marrying Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward IV of England and the heir to the York family. Later, with the coming to power of Henry VIII and the implementation of the Reformation, many monasteries in England were razed to the ground, and the exact location of Richard III's mausoleum was no longer known.
On February 4th, 20 13, researchers from Leicester University held a press conference, saying that the bones found in the parking lot belonged to Richard after DNA identification (comparing with the DNA of a relative's offspring in Richard) and historical research. This skeleton has 10 wounds, 8 in the head and 2 in the body. This discovery provided more conclusive evidence for 1485 British Bosworth Battle.