Physics test questions for the second year of junior high school at the end of the first semester of the second year of junior high school 1. Multiple-choice questions {all single choice} 1. As shown in the picture, some sections of the urban elevated roads have transparent glass panels about 3m high on both sides. Board walls, the purpose of installing these board walls is to ( ) A. Protect vehicle driving safety B. Reduce vehicle noise pollution C. Increase the aesthetics of elevated roads D. Prevent vehicle exhaust gas from leaking 2. The incident light is at an angle of 60° with the plane mirror, then The reflection angle is: A. 30°B. 60°C． 90° D. 403. As shown in the figure, the correct representation of the light incident from the air into the water is ( ) A B C D4. A plane mirror is fixed on the horizontal table at an angle of 45°. As shown in the figure, a small ball moves at a speed of 1m/s. Rolling along the table towards the plane mirror at a constant speed, the image of the ball in the plane mirror will ( ) A. Make a vertical upward motion B. Make a vertical downward motion C. Make a horizontal leftward motion D. Make a horizontal rightward motion 5. The following statements are correct: ( ) A. The real image formed by a magnifying glass is upright and enlarged. B. The real image formed by a convex lens is inverted, and the virtual image formed by a convex lens is upright. C. The real image formed by a convex lens is reduced. , the resulting virtual image is magnified D. Only when the slide is inserted upright in the film holder can the upright image be seen on the screen 6. When surveying and mapping personnel draw maps, they often need to face the ground on a high-altitude aircraft. Photography is called aerial photography. If the focal length of the camera lens used is 50mm, the distance between the film and the lens should be ( ) A. Slightly greater than 50mm B. Slightly less than 50mm C. Equal to 50mm D. Equal to 100mm 7. Use a magnifying glass to look through the window If you see an inverted and reduced image of a building in the distance, the image distance is ( ) A. Within one focal length B. On the focus C. Between one focal length and twice the focal length D. Beyond twice the focal length 8. If Figure A is the optical path of light from a distance through the refractive system of someone's eyeball. Regarding the judgment of the person's farsightedness and myopia and the selection of spectacle lenses required for correction, which one of the following is correct? ( ) A. Myopia; B. B. Hyperopia; B. C. Myopia; C. D. Hyperopia; C. A, B, C 9. When doing the convex lens imaging experiment, after the image is formed on the light screen, use opaque paper to cover the upper part of the convex lens. What will happen on the light screen is ( ) A. The image will completely disappear B .The upper part of the image disappears C. The lower part of the image disappears D. The image still has the original size, but the brightness becomes darker 10. Among the following statements, the correct one is ( ) A. Heating the ice, the temperature of the ice It will definitely rise B. Put 5℃ water into a room with 0℃, the water will freeze C. The "white gas" around the popsicles is water vapor formed by sublimation of ice D. Outdoor water pipes are easy to freeze and crack in winter, yes This is because the volume of water becomes larger after it freezes into ice. 11. The launch vehicle used to launch satellites is coated with a special substance on its head, which can prevent the rocket from being burned due to the high temperature generated by the interaction with the air during high-speed movement. danger. The reason why this material can play this role is ( ) A. The material is hard and heat-resistant. B. The material does not transfer heat. C. The material is smooth and does not easily interact with the air to generate heat. D. The material melts, vaporizes, and absorbs when heated and rubs against the air to generate a large amount of heat. 12. Xiao Ming wants to measure the current in L1. The correct circuit diagram is ( )

13. As shown in the figure, the correct way to connect lights L1 and L2 with wires to form a parallel circuit is ( ) A. Figure 3 connects A, B and C, E B respectively. Connect A, B and D, EC respectively. Connect A, C and B, E D respectively. Connect A, C and C, E14 respectively. There is a power supply, a bell, a small light bulb, two switches and a number of wires to form a circuit. When only one switch is closed, the light bulb emits light but the bell does not ring; when only the other switch is closed, the bell rings but the light bulb does not light up. If the light bulb and the bell do not affect each other when the circuit is working, then when both switches are turned off, the possible situation is ( ) A. The bell rings and the light bulb turns on B. The bell rings and the light bulb does not light up C. The bell does not ring, but the light bulb turns on D. The bell does not ring and the light bulb does not light up. 15. When Xiao Ming used the ammeter, he should have used the "-" and "3" terminals, but mistakenly connected the "-" and "0.6" terminals to the circuit and the current still flowed from " The inflow is from the 0.6" terminal and the outflow is from the "-" terminal. The result of doing this will be ( )A. The angle the ammeter pointer rotates becomes smaller B. The angle of rotation of the ammeter pointer becomes larger, and the ammeter may be burned out C. The pointer of the ammeter does not move D. The pointer of the ammeter deflects in the opposite direction 2. Fill in the blanks 16. "Deafening" reflects the high _____ of the sound, "harsh" reflects the high ______ of the sound, and "hearing the sound and knowing the person" is based on the different ______ of the sound. 17. Use a laser rangefinder to fire a laser beam at the moon. The laser beam propagates along _______ between the outer atmosphere of the Earth and the moon. The laser is returned using the ______ principle of light; astronauts speaking on the moon cannot be directly heard by their companions because __________________ .

18 There is a device that can reflect the water vapor content in the air called a "wet and dry thermometer". It is made of two identical thermometers side by side. One of the thermometers is wrapped in a wet cloth. This is because the water in the wet cloth absorbs Heat. At a certain temperature, the smaller the difference between the readings of the two thermometers, the higher the humidity of the air. 19. The scale part of a commonly used thermometer is a triangular prism with a cross-section as shown in the figure. Its front is arc-shaped, so that the extremely thin mercury column in the thermometer can be seen clearly for easy reading. This is because of the role of the curved glass. It is equivalent to ________, allowing us to see the magnified _____ image of the mercury column. 20. A student with a height of 1.60 m stands 3 m in front of a plane mirror. His image in the plane mirror is ______ m high. He is the same as the image in the plane mirror. The image distance is _________m.21. When a classmate used an ammeter to measure current, he found that the ammeter pointer deflected to the side without a scale. This was because . Another student found that the ammeter pointer deflected to the right where there is no scale. This is because . 3. Drawing questions

22. (1) As shown in the picture, please draw the refracted light after the incident light passes through the convex lens; (2) As shown in the picture, a person stands on the river bank, his eyes B can just see the spire A' of the transmitting tower on the opposite shore reflected in the water. Please draw a diagram of the reflected light path. FF

23. As shown in Figure 7, you are given two dry batteries, a switch, two small light bulbs, two ammeters and some wires. Please design an experimental circuit: two small light bulbs are required to be connected in parallel. One ammeter measures the current in the trunk circuit, the other ammeter measures the current in the branch circuit, and the switch controls the on and off of the two light bulbs at the same time. 1. Draw the circuit diagram. 2． Connect the following circuit components into a physical circuit according to the circuit diagram you designed

4. Experimental exploration 24. The following table is the experimental data recorded by a student when he was exploring the solidification law of a certain substance. Please complete the following questions as required. Time/minl1.522.533.544.555.566.5 Temperature/℃595552494848484847454342 (1) From the data in the table, it can be seen that this substance is in the ________ state at 2 minutes. (Optional: "solid", "liquid" or "gas"); (2) According to the data in the table, it can be judged that the substance is ________. (Optional: "Crystalline" or "Amorphous"); (3) According to the data in the table, it can be judged that the freezing point of the substance is ________℃. 25. In the experiment of "Exploring the Imaging Characteristics of Plane Mirrors", Xiao Ming used a glass plate, the same two chess pieces A and B, a scale, plasticine, white paper and other equipment to conduct the experiment, as shown in the picture. (1) During the experiment, the glass plate should be __________ placed on a horizontal table; (2) The same two chess pieces A and B were selected for the experimental equipment for the purpose of ____________________; (3) In order to illustrate the image formed in the plane mirror Is it a real image or a virtual image? The specific steps that should be taken are to place the white paper vertically at the chess piece B, remove the chess piece B and observe the white paper directly to see if the image can be formed on the white paper; if _______________, then the plane mirror will The resulting image is a virtual image; (4) During the experiment, Xiao Ming made the glass plate move horizontally to the right along the 00' axis (the contact part between the glass plate and the desktop). As a result, he found that the image in the mirror moved relative to A_______ ( Choose "right", "left" or "no"); he turned the glass plate towards himself around the 00' axis and found the image in the mirror ________(choose "turn to himself", "turn away from himself" or "not moving"). 26. When using candles, convex lenses and light screens to do the experiment of "exploring the imaging rules of convex lenses": (1) If the image formed by the candle flame on the light screen is as shown in the figure, in order to make the image clearly appear in the center of the light screen, The convex lens should be moved to ______ (fill in "up" or "down"); (2) During the experiment, when the candle flame is 12cm away from the convex lens, move the light screen to a certain position, and obtain a first-order size on the light screen. To obtain a clear image, then move the candle flame 5cm to the right. At this time, the light screen should be moved to a certain position ______ (fill in "left" or "right"), so that _________ and _________ (fill in "respectively") can be obtained on the light screen. "Upright" or "inverted", "enlarged" or "zoomed out") clear image. 27. Please use the provided equipment to design a circuit and draw the circuit diagram according to the following requirements. Equipment: One power supply, two switches, one bell, one red and one green light bulb, and some wires. Requirements: Patient A closes the switch, the red light turns on and the bell rings. Patient B closes the switch, the green light turns on and the bell rings.

Final review paper for the first volume of eighth grade mathematics

(Time 100 minutes, full score 100 points)

1. Multiple choice questions (3 points each, ***30 points)

The arithmetic square root of 1.4 is ( )

A. 2 B.–2 C. D. ±2

3. Expand the three sides of a right triangle by the same multiple, and the resulting triangle is ( )

A. Acute triangle B. Obtuse triangle C. Right triangle D. Any triangle

4. Each interior angle of a regular polygon is 120°, then it is ( )

A. Square B. Regular pentagon C. Regular hexagon D. Regular octagon

5. The regular polygon that can be tiled individually is ( )

A. Regular pentagon B. Regular hexagon C. Regular heptagon D. Regular octagon

8. The following is part of the food nutrition table (the content of nutrients in the edible part of the food per 100 grams). Among the data consisting of grams of carbohydrates provided in the table, the median and mode are ( )

Vegetable types: mung bean sprouts, cabbage, rapeseed, cabbage, spinach, leek, carrot

Carbohydrates 4 3 4 4 2 4 7

A. 4, 3 B. 4, 4 C. 4, 7 D. 2, 4

9. It is known that the proportional function y=-kx and the linear function y=kx-2 (x is the independent variable) are their images in the same coordinate system

Roughly ( )

A B C D

10. If in △ ABC, AB=13, AC=15, height AD=12, then the length of BC is ( )

A. 14 B. 4, 14 C. 4 D. 5, 14

2. Fill-in-the-blank questions (3 points each, ***30 points)

11. It is known that the average of the five numbers 7, 4, 3, a, and 5 is 5, then a=.

12.The point where P(3,–4) is symmetric about the origin is .

13. It is known that the graph of the linear function y=kx+b passes through the point (0, –5) and is parallel to the graph of the straight line y= x, then the linear function table

14. It is known that +｜2x–y｜= 0, then x–y = .

15. As shown in the figure, the body ABCD of the small fish is a rhombus. It is known that the length of the fish body is BD=8 and AB=5. The straight line where BD is located is the X-axis, and the straight line where AC is located is the y-axis. Establish a rectangular coordinate system, then the coordinates of point C are.

(Question 15) (Question 16) (Question 20)

16. As shown in the figure, it is known that the isosceles trapezoid ABCD, AD‖BC, AD=5cm, BC =11cm, height DE=4cm, then the perimeter of the trapezoid is.

18. The area of ??the triangle enclosed by the straight line y=2x+8 and the coordinate axis is .

20. Fold a rectangular piece of paper as shown in the figure. After folding along AE, point D happens to fall on point F on the side of BC. It is known that

AB=8cm, BC= 10cm, then S△EFC= .

3.

22. (5 points) Calculation: -2 + (-1)2

24. (6 points) As shown in the figure, it is known that in the parallelogram ABCD, E and F are on the diagonal AC, and AE=CF, then is the quadrilateral EBFD a parallelogram? Try to explain why.

26. (8 points) As shown in the figure, l1 represents the relationship between the sales volume and the sales volume of laptop computers in a shopping mall in one day, and l2 represents the relationship between the sales cost and the sales volume of laptop computers in the shopping mall in one day:

(1) When When x=2, sales = ____ ten thousand yuan, sales cost = _____ ten thousand yuan, profit (income - cost) = ten thousand yuan. (3 points)

(2) Sales volume per sales hour per day equal to cost of sales. (1 point)

(3)The function expression corresponding to l1 is . (2 points)

(4) Write the functional expression between profit and sales. (2 points) Final exam questions for the eighth grade biology textbook. The answer time is 40 minutes, and the full score is 50 points. 1. Choose one (15 points, 1 point for each question) 1. When a fish loses its pectoral and pelvic fins, the fish will appear ( ) A. Can only sink, cannot float B. Can only float, cannot sink C. The body often turns sideways when swimming D. Unable to maintain swimming direction, swimming speed slows down 2. Which of the following are not characteristics of terrestrial animals ( ) A. Generally there is a structure to prevent water loss B. Breathing through the body wall C. Most breathe through the trachea or lungs D. Generally have developed sensory organs and nervous system 3. The main basis for classifying whales living in the water into mammals is ( ) A. Whales breathe with lungs B. The heart of a whale has four chambers C. The body temperature of whales is constant D. Whales lactate viviparously 4. Regarding the fact that animals can promote material recycling in ecosystems, which of the following statements is incorrect ( ) A. Animals can feed on plants directly or indirectly by digesting and absorbing their own constituent substances B. Food entering the animal's body is decomposed into carbon dioxide, urine and other substances, and energy is released. The decomposed substances can be absorbed and utilized by plants C. Animal remains can be decomposed by decomposers, releasing carbon dioxide and nitrogen-containing inorganic salts and other substances D. Animals can help plants pollinate and spread seeds 5. Which of the following statements about spores is incorrect ( ) A. Spores are structures used by bacteria to reproduce B. Spores are dormant bodies of bacteria C. A spore can germinate into a bacterium D. Spores are structures formed by bacteria in adverse environments. 6. The poem "The butterfly can see deeply through the flower, and the dragonfly can fly through the water" respectively depicts the two types of insects ( ) A. Defensive behavior, feeding behavior B. Defensive behavior, migratory behavior C. Feeding behavior and reproductive behavior D. Migration behavior and reproductive behavior 7. Among the following animal behaviors, which one is innate? ( ) A. Puppies do arithmetic b. Newborn piglets suck milk C. Big tits drink milk D. Dolphins perform headers and jumps 8. Radar was invented based on the echolocation principle of a certain animal. This animal is ( ) A. bat b. Dolphin c. Giraffe d. turtle 9. Which of the following foods does not use bacteria and fungi in the production process ( ) A. wine b. sausage c. bread d. Fermented bean curd 10. The scientist known as the "Father of Microbiology" is ( ) A. Leeuwenhoek b. Darwin c. Pasteur d. Linnaeus 11. When blowing moldy objects, dust often flies up. The main component of this dust is ( ) A. Dust on objects B. Mold spores C. Mold seeds D. Bacterial spores 12. Classifying snails, sea anemones, and spiders into one category, and classifying snakes, frogs, and sparrows into another category are based on ( ) A. The presence or absence of vertebrae B. Is the body temperature constant C. Differences in fertilization methods D. Differences in reproductive methods 13. The following areas with the most biological diversity are ( ) A. Farmland b. city ??c. Grassland D. Forest 14. The plant known as the "Chinese Pigeon Tree" is ( ) A. Cyperophora b. Pinus tabulaeformis C. Davidia involucrata D． Cycad 15. Among the biological species in my country, the one with the highest percentage in the world is ( ) A. Ferns b. Birds c. fish d. Gymnosperms 2. Fill in one (16 points, 1 point for each blank) 16. The locomotor system of mammals is composed of and . 17． Using it to produce certain substances needed by humans can save the cost of building factories and purchasing instruments and equipment, and can reduce complex production procedures and costs. 18. A bacterium is also a cell. It is different from animal and plant cells. The main difference is that it is not formed. Most cells can only use the existing life. The way bacteria reproduce is reproduction. 19. Tonsillitis, scarlet fever, tinea pedis, rice blast and wheat leaf rust are all caused by the survival of some species of bacteria and fungi. The substance produced by fungi that can kill certain pathogenic bacteria is called chlorine. After long-term use, the bacteria in the human body will produce a certain amount of chlorine. 20. Biodiversity is very rich in content. It not only refers to the diversity of , but also includes the diversity of and the diversity of . twenty one. In order to protect biological diversity, people divide a certain area of ??__ or __ including protected objects for protection and management. This is ___. 3. Break (1 point for each question, ** *5 points) 22. Insects are the only invertebrates that can fly. ( ) twenty three. Animal learning behavior is based on genetic factors.

( ) twenty four. All bacteria and fungi are decomposers in ecosystems. ( ) 25. Among biological taxonomic units, "phylum" is the most basic taxonomic unit. ( ) 26. Many medicinal herbs require wildlife as raw materials. ( ) 4. Continuously (4 points) 27. Do you pay attention to the various animals around you? Please find the homes of the following animals. Red-crowned crane, desert ecosystem, kangaroo, forest ecosystem, giant panda, wetland ecosystem, camel, grassland ecosystem 29. (4 points) There are many reasons why my country’s biodiversity is threatened. Based on the following information, write down the reasons why biodiversity is facing threats. Information 1 In the Huaihe River Basin, due to increasing pollution, a major pollution accident broke out in 1994, resulting in the death of 12 million kilograms of fish, 90,000 kilograms of crabs, and 25,000 kilograms of shrimps in Hongze Lake. The famous Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is also seriously polluted. At present, most urban river sections in southern Jiangsu are black and smelly, becoming "dead rivers" without animals. Information 2 200 years ago, Australia introduced several rabbits from Europe for people to watch. During a fire, the rabbits escaped from the wooden cage and became hares. In less than 100 years, it has spread all over the Australian continent and has become a scourge that destroys crops, competes with cattle and sheep for forage, and affects traffic safety. ? Information 3 At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of passenger pigeons in the forests of eastern America was so large that they covered the sky and the sun when flying in groups, numbering in the hundreds of millions. Due to indiscriminate hunting, millions of passenger pigeons were killed every year, and the forests were severely damaged. Most of the passenger pigeons were ruthlessly killed and disappeared from the wild around 1900. The last passenger pigeon kept in the Cincinnati Zoo died in 1914. Information 4 In ancient times, the King of Shang went hunting on the south side of the Taihang Mountains near Qinyang, Henan, and captured 7 Asian elephants in one go. However, the vassal states living in this area deforested large areas to create farmland, and Asian elephants pushed their habitat in the Yellow River Basin. From 770 BC to 477 BC, the distribution area of ??Asian elephants moved southward to the Huaihe River Basin and westward to the upper reaches of the Han River. After more than a thousand years, the northern limit of the Asian elephant's distribution retreated to the south of the Yangtze River, and its eastern end ranged from southern Zhejiang to northern Fujian. About 1,000 years ago, Asian elephants had retreated to Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. At present, Asian elephants only live in the southern part of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province in my country, with a population of only more than 200. (1) (2) (3) (4) Refer to the answers and scoring criteria 1. Choose one (15 points, 1 point for each question) 1-5 CBDDA 6-10 CBABC 11-15 BADCD 2. Fill in one ( 16 points, 1 point for each blank) 16. Bones; muscles 17. Bioreactor; environmental pollution 18. Nucleus; organic matter; division 19. Parasitism; antibiotics; resistance 20. Species; genes; ecosystem 21. Land; water; nature reserve 3. Break and break (5 points, 1 point for each question) 22. √ 23. √ 24. × 25. × 26. √ 4. Match one in a row (4 points, 1 point for each pair in a row) 27. Do you pay attention to the various animals around you? Please find the homes of the following animals. Red-crowned crane - wetland ecosystem kangaroo - grassland ecosystem giant panda - forest ecosystem camel - desert ecosystem 5. Think about it (10 points) 29 (1) Environmental pollution. Water pollution has caused the death of many aquatic animals, and the species and number of organisms have dropped sharply. (2) Invasion of alien species. Rabbits have no natural predators in Australia, which has led to the expansion of the rabbit population, disrupting the local ecological balance and endangering native species. (3) Indiscriminate hunting and killing by humans has led to the extinction of this species. (4) Changes in living environment. Indiscriminate deforestation by humans has destroyed the living environment of Asian elephants.

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