At present, there are three common melons in the market: white melon, cucumber and net melon, and there are many varieties. The sugar content of a single variety can be as high as more than 20 degrees, about 20-26 degrees, while the sugar content of general varieties is basically 13- 16 degrees. However, the real sweetness of melons at harvest is generally related to varieties and management. In order to produce high-yield and high-quality melons, it is necessary to choose good varieties and do a good job in field management.
At present, in the process of melon planting, many people adjust the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive production of vines by methods such as coring, pruning and pruning, and promote the early flowering and early fruiting of vines through certain flower-promoting techniques. But generally speaking, many growers choose the technology of pruning melons with one vine. Today I want to share the skill of pruning sitting melons with two vines.
1. What is double vine pruning? What is single vine pruning?
Vines refer to vines, which are branches of herbs, that is, melon seedlings. Double vine pruning refers to leaving two vines on each vine on the premise of one vine. The management method of this redundant vine is called double vine pruning technology. As the name implies, single vine pruning is to leave a melon seedling for a root system. Pruning period of melon: the pruning period of single vine and double vine is basically the same. Because the lateral vines are stronger than the main vines, they usually stay on the melons. At the stage when the main vine has four or five leaves, only one or two side vines are left, and the other side vines are destroyed. One vine is pruned by one vine, and two vines are pruned by two vines.
Nowadays, many people are hanging vines and planting melons. In my opinion, there are five advantages. 1. Make rational use of the spatial structure, enhance ventilation and light transmission, improve the overall permeability and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. 2. It is convenient for pruning and pruning management. 3. Reduce the ground contact of melons, seedlings and fruits to prevent the harm of pests and diseases. 4. Results The melon had uniform nutrition, uniform overall color and high commodity value. 5. No contact with soil, relatively clean and high in appearance.
2. Double vine pruning is better than single vine pruning.
2. 1 protect seedlings, make greater use of water, fertilizer and medicine resources, and save costs. Using double vine pruning technology, the number of seedlings per mu can be twice that of single vine pruning. For example, single vine pruning can plant 2000 trees per mu, and double vine pruning can plant 1000 seedlings per mu. Save a lot of cost in seedling and reduce labor input. In addition, when water and fertilizer are used for management, especially when drip irrigation equipment is used for fertilization in soil, water and fertilizer are more concentrated than single vine pruning, which reduces the cost input.
2.2 Convenient management. No matter from the aspects of irrigation efficiency, pruning and bifurcation. Using double vine pruning technology to plant melon is beneficial to improve labor efficiency.
2.3 The output quality is guaranteed. Some people may think that the double vine pruning technique will bloom and bear fruit later and the yield will be lower than that of single vine pruning. In fact, practice has proved that the yield and quality of melon with double vine pruning technology are completely guaranteed. As long as it is well managed, the benefits will not be less. Then the specific management skills are as follows.
3. Double vine pruning management technology
Double-vine pruning and single-vine pruning are quite different in planting methods and water and fertilizer management. Because pruning one root system with single vine only targets one vine, pruning one root system with double vines targets two vines, there will be differences in planting density, water and fertilizer, melon position and so on in order to ensure the healthy growth of stems and leaves pruned with double vines and keep up with the nutrition when the fruit expands in the later stage. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the root system is developed when pruning the double vines, so as to absorb enough nutrients and water from the soil for crop growth and fruit expansion. Then, starting with soil improvement and root system cultivation, other management methods are adopted to promote and ensure the quality and yield of double vine pruning. It is suggested to start from the following six aspects.
3. 1 Soil treatment of melon seedlings before planting. Before talking about soil management, popularize the knowledge of soil first. Fertile soil consists of five parts, 45% is minerals, 25% is air, 25% is water, and less than 5% is organic matter and microorganisms. Like today's soil, there are more or less problems of hardening or salinization, and the content of organic matter in soil is very low, generally lower than 1%. Moreover, due to unhealthy farming operations such as re-inspection, the microbial population in the soil is gradually destroyed, and there are many harmful microorganisms.
Therefore, to change the vicious state of soil, we must first improve the soil. We can start from the following aspects: 1. In view of soil hardening or low organic matter content, it is suggested to use more decomposed animal manure mainly based on edible herbs, or buy some straw of herbs for decomposition, such as corn straw and wheat straw. After sowing evenly, deep rotary tillage can supplement farmland organic matter, increase soil fertility and provide a good growth environment for microorganisms. 2. Supplementing beneficial bacteria for farmland, it is suggested that you use more than 200 million Bacillus, about 1 1,000 grams per mu, and replenish them in time after sterilization in the soil shed, so that the beneficial bacteria in the soil can recover quickly. 3. It is suggested to use about 1 liter of polymaleic acid to improve the soil seriously damaged by salt (moss, erythema, frost). 4. It is suggested that furrow sowing is beneficial to root germination, and it can protect root from damage when watering too much.
3.2 Before transplanting, treat the melon seedlings with double vines. Now many old shanty towns have serious problems in continuous cropping. For example, using weibaimu or chloropicrin to treat the greenhouse can disinfect the soil to a certain extent. It is suggested that melon seedlings should be soaked with chemicals before transplanting to kill the germs on the seedlings and enhance the resistance in the soil. Before transplanting, it is suggested that you use 30% methadone and hymexazol (6% metalaxyl and 24% hymexazol) +20% thiamethoxam+25ml+20g+chelating amino acids (especially trace elements such as magnesium, iron, calcium and zinc) and add 12- 15 kg to treat roots. It can greatly enhance the resistance of root system to soil-borne pathogens, stimulate the biological activity of root system, germinate quickly in soil and help crops return to seedlings.
3.3 Double vine pruning and planting techniques for melon seedlings in the field. As mentioned above, double vine pruning is half as much as single vine pruning, so the planting density is twice as high as before. Generally speaking, single-vine pruning requires transplanting 1600- 1800 plants per mu to maintain the late-stage yield, so the number of seedlings pruned by double vines is 800-900 plants per mu to maintain the late-stage yield. The specific operation is to plant the soil on the ridge after sterilization and ploughing. Ridge height is about 20-25 cm, ridge width is 30-40 cm, ridge spacing is 80-90 cm and plant spacing is 60-70 cm. On the one hand, it is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, on the other hand, it is beneficial to root germination. It is suggested that drip irrigation belt be laid around the root system, which is beneficial to root absorption and will not cause great damage to the root system when water and fertilizer are used in the later stage.
3.4 The melon seedlings with double tendrils should be watered three times before planting flowers. After the seedlings are planted, water should be poured three times before flowering, that is, planting water, seedling slowing water and water before flowering. These three water levels are very critical, which determine the growth and yield of melon seedlings in the later stage. It is suggested that the root system should be cultivated for the third watering to avoid vigorous growth, and the root system will be easily cracked by big water every time it is washed with small water. When watering for the first time, use biological agents to improve the soil and improve the growth environment of roots. For the second watering, it is suggested to apply amino acid or humic acid to stimulate the growth and germination of roots and promote the rapid and slow growth of seedlings. The water in front of the third flower mainly supplies water to the roots. It is suggested to apply organic fertilizer, amino acids and trace elements such as calcium and magnesium. , can protect the root system well, achieve the purpose of strong roots and strong seedlings, and provide more powerful fruits after flowering and fruiting.
3.5 Double-vine pruning techniques for melon seedling. Under normal circumstances, the water and nutrients absorbed by a root system are used by a grape tree. Under normal circumstances, the nutrition is basically sufficient, melons will start to set fruit between 8- 10 knots, and each seedling will basically leave 2-3 fruits. But when pruning with double vines, you should change the way you sit on the melon. On the basis of single vine pruning, leave one or two internodes to sit on the melon, which is basically 9- 1 1 internodes. There are enough leaves below for photosynthesis and transpiration, and the number of melons per seedling is 4-5. Increasing internode position and appropriately reducing the number of melons are to balance the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth and prevent nutritional deficiency caused by premature senescence of leaves in the process of rapid fruit expansion in the later stage. Through management methods such as sitting on melons and pruning with double vines, although the internodes are delayed by one or two, the melons may not be late-maturing, and the yield is guaranteed through proper management.
3.6 Prevention and control of pests and diseases of melon seedlings pruned with double vines. In the process of melon planting, pest control is also very important. Protecting root system and preventing premature senescence of leaves are related to the quality and yield of melon in the later stage. Common diseases and insect pests on melon include powdery mildew, downy mildew, Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, bacterial soft rot, root rot, aphid, thrips, whitefly and so on. The pest control scheme is as follows.
3.6. 1 Melon is used to control powdery mildew. It is recommended that you use 60ml/ mu of 25% ethirimol, 50g/ mu of 20% sulfur and triadimefon (the mixture of 10% sulfur and 10% triadimefon) and so on. Two or three times after the onset.
3.6.2 To control melon downy mildew, it is recommended that you use 80% dimethomorph 20g/ mu, or 40% dimethomorph and 30ml/ mu cyazofamid. , used twice after onset.
3.6.3 It is recommended that you use 47% spring thunder to control melon stem blight. Tong Wang (containing 2% kasugamycin and 45% Tong Wang compound) 30ml/ mu, pat carefully and thoroughly, and spray twice at the initial stage of the disease.
3.6.4 To control melon anthracnose, it is recommended to use 45% penconazole prochloraz (10% tebuconazole +30% prochloraz) 20ml/ mu and 70% benzalkonium chloride prochloraz (30% difenoconazole +40% prochloraz) 15ml/ mu.
3.6.5 In order to control the resistant aphids on melons, it is recommended that you use 50% diclofenac 10ml/ barrel of water once or twice every three to five days.
3.6.6 Diclofenac is equally effective in controlling thrips and whiteflies on melons. In addition, it is recommended that you use 10% high chlorine. Pyroprofen ether (10% beta-cypermethrin and 10% piroprofen ether compounds) 15ml/ barrel of water for 2-3 times in a row can greatly reduce the base of pests and avoid increasing the difficulty of control.
4. Flower-promoting technology after double vine pruning.
After talking about the management technology of melon double-vine pruning, some people may think that double-vine pruning will make melon mature late. Let's talk about melon first, which is a flower-promoting technology to help melon blossom and bear fruit early. As the saying goes, "if you want to make a good melon, you must have good flowers", so we should solve the problem of promoting flowers from two aspects: environmental factors and artificial regulation.
4. 1 Environmental regulation mainly refers to the control of temperature and humidity. Increasing the temperature properly during the day and lowering the temperature in the shed at night can improve the accumulation of dry matter. Generally, the daytime temperature is 25-27℃, and the nighttime temperature is preferably not higher than 15℃, preferably between 13- 15℃. By widening the temperature difference between day and night, the flower bud differentiation of melon is stimulated, which is beneficial to good flowering.
4.2 Adjustment by human factors. 1. Avoiding premature growth and reducing the input of large chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, can effectively shorten the internode length, avoid the imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and be beneficial to flower bud differentiation. The second point is to supplement medium and trace elements. It is suggested that chelated calcium and amino acids should be used to regulate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of melon, and promote early flowering and early fruit setting. After planting 10- 12 days, use it 2-3 times every ten days or so.