Mango, also known as lemon fruit, mango, mango, mango, mango, mango, mango, mango, mango, mango, mango. It is an evergreen tree native to India, with leathery leaves and alternate growth; Cool, small flowers, yellow or reddish, terminal panicles, mangoes and inferior light gray wood. The shape of mango is very interesting: there are egg-shaped, round, kidney-shaped and heart-shaped; There are many skin colors: light green, yellow and deep red; The flesh is yellow, fibrous, sweet and sour, fragrant and juicy, and the core is big. Mango is known as the "king of tropical fruits" because it combines the essence of tropical fruits.
Mango is a tropical evergreen tree, belonging to the genus Mangifera of Uraciaceae, with a height of 9 to 27 meters. Its leaves are lanceolate, oily green, shiny, flowers are small and numerous, and the terminal panicle is red or yellow. This tree can live for hundreds of years. India is native to India and Malaysia, with the longest cultivation history and the largest output, accounting for 80% of the world's output. The name of mango comes from the Thai-Mi Le language in southern India. The fruit of wild mango trees is inedible. Indians first discovered this tree, cultivated it into an edible mango, and used it to keep out the tropical sun. It has a history of more than 4000 years. According to legend, a devout believer once dedicated his mango garden to Sakyamuni so that he could rest in the shade. Up to now, the patterns of leaves, flowers and fruits of mango trees can be seen in Buddhist and Hindu temples in India. Hindus believe that the five petals of mango flower represent the five arrows of Kamadwa, the goddess of love, and mango is used to worship Saraswati. From 1556 to 1605, the mughal emperor Akbar had an orchard with100000 mango trees near Delhi. Such a large-scale mango orchard was rare in the world at that time. At present, people agree that the first person who introduced mango into India was Master Xuan Zang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, and there is a record in "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" that "Amparo was rare in the world". Later, it was introduced to Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries, and then to Mediterranean countries. It didn't spread to Brazil, West Indies and Florida in the United States until18th century. Now, there are large areas of mango forest in these places.
Many countries in the world have their favorite mango varieties. Thais often say that their mangoes are the best in the world. Thais love to eat a mango called Brahman Mia, which means "Brahman who sells his wife". Legend has it that there was a Brahmin who loved mangoes and sold his wife to buy mangoes, hence the name. Indians regard Alfonso mango, Peishan mango and Bengal mango as treasures. Sri lankans like parrotfish mango and ruby mango. Filipinos appreciate mango in Garaba very much. In recent years, in order to do business, they renamed it Manila Super Mango. The economic cultivation areas of mango in China are Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan Province and other provinces. The most cultivated is Hainan Province, distributed in Lingshui, Baoting and Ledong. Orient, Yangtze River, Yaxian, etc. The current annual output is about 5 million tons. The annual output of Panzhihua City in Sichuan is nearly 20,000 tons, and that of Nanning, Qinzhou, Baise and Yulin in Guangxi; Xishuangbanna, Dehong and Simao in Yunnan; There are quite a few mangoes in Anxi, Zhangzhou, Xiao Yun and Xiamen in Fujian.
Distribution area
Mango is widely distributed in Changjiang, Hainan. Mango is produced in more than 70 countries, 90% of which are concentrated in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia and other countries in Asia. It is cultivated in eastern and western Africa, Tanzania and Zaire, Brazil and Mexico in America, Florida and Hawaii in the United States.
Mango is planted in Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and southern Fujian, southern Yunnan, southeast and southwest Yunnan, and Panzhihua, Sichuan. Except Taiwan Province Province, there are about 100 counties (cities) where mangoes are distributed and produced. Guangdong mainly produces Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Gaozhou and Xinyi. Guangxi mainly produces Nanning, Longzhou to Baise, Yongning, Bobai and Pingnan, among which Baise Tiandong was awarded the title of "Hometown of Mango" by the state. Hainan is mainly distributed in Danzhou, Changjiang, Baisha, Dongfang, Ledong, Sanya, Lingshui and other counties (cities), mainly in Haikou and Qiongshan. Yunnan is mainly distributed in Wenshan, Honghe, Yuxi, Lijiang, Zhaotong, Simao and Xishuangbanna, with Jinggu, Jingdong, Xinping, Yongde, Shuangjiang, Hekou and Jinghong as the main producing counties.
growing environment
1. Temperature: Mango likes warmth, but doesn't like frost. The annual average temperature in mango producing areas in the world is above 20℃, and the monthly minimum temperature is above 15℃. The average annual temperature in the producing areas that can grow and bear fruit normally in China is 19. 8-24. 1℃, but the annual average temperature is 2 1-22℃, and the highest temperature in Leng Yue is above 15℃, and there are many frost-free areas almost all year round. The effective temperature for mango growth is 18-35℃, the suitable temperature for new shoot growth is 24-29℃, and the average daily temperature for fruit setting and young fruit growth should be greater than 20℃. Insufficient temperature, poor pollination and fertilization, and even inflorescence death or embryo abortion death. When the temperature is higher than 37℃, the fruit of Copanawa will be sunburned; When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the growth of new shoots and new ears stops; When the temperature is lower than 5℃, seedlings, tender shoots and ears will suffer from cold; When the temperature is about 0℃, the shoots, shoots and peripheral leaves of seedlings and trees will be damaged or even died. Young trees below -3℃ freeze to death, and big trees freeze seriously.
2. Light: Mango is a kind of fruit tree that likes light. Adequate light can promote flower bud differentiation, blossom and set fruit, improve fruit quality and appearance. Usually, there are many flowers per plant with sunny crown or open environment, and the fruit setting rate is high; Mango fruit with too many branches and leaves, closed crown and insufficient light has few flowers and fruits, and its appearance and quality are poor. We can improve the lighting conditions in the garden and trees by shaping and pruning, thus increasing the yield and prolonging the high-yield period.
3. Moisture: Mango grows well in the area with annual rainfall of 700-2000mm, and the uneven distribution of annual rainfall in South China often affects its growth and development. If the air is too dry during flowering and early fruiting, it is easy to cause falling flowers and fruits; Too much rain leads to rotten flowers and poor pollination and fertilization; Too concentrated rainfall in summer often induces serious fruit diseases; Autumn drought after harvest mostly affects the germination and growth of autumn shoot mother branches.