Land consolidation and border preparation
Before planting, dig deep into the soil and disinfect the soil with debittering agent to make the soil and fertilizer completely mixed. Border width 12cm, ditch width 40cm, border length 5.5~6.0m, don't beat the soil too fine, it will lead to slow growth of seedlings and slow growth in the later stage. Leave about 50 cm in the south of the greenhouse. [6]
plant
There is no strict restriction on planting time, and it can be planted all year round, with the best in spring and autumn. When planting, two rows are planted in each border, the row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 10~ 12cm, and the spacing between the two sides of the cultivation bed is 40cm, with an average of 7~8 plants /m2, and the seedling protection is about 63,000 plants /hm2. Different varieties have different planting densities. [6]
Tiantuan management
After slowly planting seedlings, timely intertillage and loosen the soil to prevent and control red spiders, aphids and powdery mildew. When the plant grows to about 25cm, it will start to press branches at noon on sunny days, otherwise it will break easily. Roses are usually planted for five years, so fertilization should be more and heavier. Generally, about 60t/hm2 of organic fertilizer, 750kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 2250kg/hm2 of calcium superphosphate should be applied, and the organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed. Water the seedlings about 7 days before planting to protect the seedbed soil from getting wet. Water in time after planting, and the planting water must be thoroughly watered. 12 ~ 16 In sunny days, water 1~2 times a day to keep the bed surface moist.
Water topdressing should be carried out according to soil conditions, climate conditions and the growth of branches and leaves. In the process of rose cultivation, if the soil moisture is insufficient, the positive leaves of the plant will fall off. When the surface is dry, water it in time to keep the surface moist.
plum
cultivation techniques
Selection of rootstocks and varieties
Dwarf rootstock is selected, which has strong affinity with grafted varieties, and varieties with bright fruit color, high yield and slightly weak growth potential should be selected. The varieties of plums are very rich, and the traditional fine varieties in China are "Madam Plum, Jiaqing Plum, Shelley Plum, Hongxiang Plum, Huang Yu Plum, Mili Plum and May Plum". At present, the domestic and imported plum varieties that are popularized and applied in production mainly include: Dashi Zaosheng, Japanese Plum King, Misi Plum, Rose Queen, Blackberry, American Big Plum, Changle Niuxin Plum, Xianfeng Plum and so on. [4]
Pot soil preparation
Plum bonsai must contain enough fertility in limited pot soil to maintain the growth and fruit of plums. Generally, 4 parts of rotten leaves, 2 parts of rotten manure, 2 parts of broken bones and 4 parts of garden soil are mixed, and a small amount of calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate are properly mixed to increase soil fertility. Mix the basin soil fully and evenly, grind and sieve. The culture soil should be disinfected by spraying 1.5% formalin solution before use. When planting, let the roots stretch, soil up and compact, so as to achieve "three buries, two steps and one seedling raising", water the bottom and put it in the shade to slow down the seedlings. [4]
Dump the soil and change the basin.
The nutrients in the basin soil are gradually washed away by frequent watering. After 2 ~ 3 years, the soil fertility in the basin is insufficient and the physical structure becomes worse. It is necessary to pour pots in time and replenish new culture soil. Stop watering before pouring the basin, and let the soil shrink and separate from the basin wall, so as to pour out the basin soil. After the soil is inverted, cut off the old roots with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm around the pot soil, mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, and sieve to fill the bottom. Then bring the soil to the basin, add fertile soil around it, and water it 1 time. Because the root system of plum blossom bonsai grows rapidly, after 1 to 2 years, the root system will curl along the basin wall and the old roots will be densely covered, which will affect the growth of new roots. Therefore, when changing pots, cutting off curly roots and thinning crowded old roots is beneficial to the growth of new roots and improving the ability to absorb water and nutrients. [4]
Plastic trimming
The tree shape of plum blossom bonsai should not only be beneficial to the result, but also have aesthetic effect and improve the ornamental value. Usually, it is mainly natural round head and tower shape, and it can also be shaped into a cliff-shaped, bent-dry and other favorite tree shapes according to personal hobbies. After planting, we should make full use of the measures of supporting and dividing plants, open branches within 1 ~ 2 years, and bear fruit early. [4]
When pruning, moderately prune the annual branches to stimulate the germination of the branches and form a small crown tree with compact results. When selecting, retaining and cultivating the main lateral branches of young plum trees and completing the shaping task, it is necessary to balance the tree potential, maintain the master-slave relationship of the backbone branches at all levels, and appropriately prune the backbone branches that grow too fast. The trees that bear fruit for the first time are mainly short fruit branches and bouquets. After entering the fruit, according to the strength of its growth, leave 2 ~ 3 full buds at the base for further cutting. For long branches, it can be reduced to biennial branches, so that the middle and small branches in the whole crown are densely distributed. [4]
Overwintering and cold prevention
In the absence of freezing injury in winter, it is generally not appropriate to overwinter indoors, and let it overwinter naturally outdoors to improve the ability of trees to resist various natural disasters. In order to prevent freezing injury, you can choose to pour 1 time soil before freezing in sunny days, wrap the whole container with straw bags after the water seeps down, tie it tightly with ropes, or dig trenches and bury it in the leeward and sunny places.