Choose a ripe lemon, cut it, take out the bigger and fuller seeds inside, and rub off the film wrapped around it. Then soak the treated seeds in warm water for one night and take them out to dry for later use.
Prepare a flowerpot with drainage holes, put some flower soil with good air permeability in it and moisten it with water. Poke a few small holes on the soil surface with your fingers or chopsticks, about 1cm deep. Then, the treated seeds are put into the flower soil with the round head facing up and the pointed head facing down, and the flowerpot is covered with a plastic film with holes. After that, it will germinate in about two weeks at 20-26℃.
There is a large amount of cultivation in the south, so grafting should be used for propagation; There is little planting in the north, mainly cutting, or buying grafted seedlings. The root system of lemon has high requirements for water, nutrients and soil. Potted soil should be made into water-permeable, breathable, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining, slightly acidic culture soil. The time of loading and changing pots can be in autumn or early spring, which can be flexibly mastered according to the local climate.
Lemon is a light-loving plant. However, if the sun is too strong, it will grow badly. Plants usually need to be replaced at noon. The annual average temperature suitable for growth is above 65438 05℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 23℃~ 29℃. If the temperature exceeds 35℃, plants will stop growing, and if it is -2℃, they will freeze to death. Lemons generally don't need to be cooled in summer. They enter the room before the first frost and leave the room after Qingming, so they can spend the winter safely.
Lemon needs more water in its growth and development, but too much water is not easy to rot its roots. Generally speaking, spring is the time when the buds germinate and the leaves unfold. The pregnant buds are in full bloom and should be watered properly. In summer, with strong sunlight and high temperature, more water is needed. But it should be timely and appropriate, otherwise it will cause fruit loss. Autumn is the period when autumn shoots grow and fruits expand rapidly, so there must be enough water. The late autumn and early winter are the stage of flower bud differentiation, and the basin soil is dry. Lemons like fertilizer. In the growing period, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer on pots and changing pots, we should also adhere to the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently. The frequency and amount of fertilization should be determined according to the growth and phenology. If liquid fertilizer is applied, it is best to use fully fermented cake fertilizer and water, and the ratio of cake to water is 1: 200. The soil in the north is alkaline, so ferrous sulfate can be added to the fertilizer solution to make a slightly acidic nutrient solution.
Pruning is generally divided into winter pruning and summer pruning. In winter, pruning should be based on the principle of "removing density and keeping sparse, removing weakness and keeping strong", and cutting off dead branches, short-cut weak branches and long branches without initial effect. In summer, the main branches of the unfruitful trees are cut short, and as a result, the summer branches on the trees are erased, and the decaying branches in the middle and upper parts of the crown are cut short. Lemons that promote flowers and keep fruits are originally tree species that blossom and bear fruit in four seasons, while potted plants in the north mostly blossom and bear fruit in spring. Therefore, after the autumn shoots stop growing, water should be controlled. When the two sides of the leaves begin to roll in, water them moderately to promote flower bud differentiation. Pay attention to fertilization in the basin and spraying fertilizer on the leaves to cultivate strong mother branches.
5. Main measures to protect fruits: First, strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water and accumulate nutrients; The second is artificial pollination; The third is to sparse flowers and fruits. Lemon fruit is very big and needs a lot of nutrition. The normal leaf-fruit ratio is 30 to 40: 1. According to the principle of removing the weak and retaining the strong and evenly distributing, firstly, excessive and dense buds are loosened; When young fruit 1 cm, the fruit part becomes thinner; Finally, after physiological fruit drop, the fruit is determined according to the leaf-fruit ratio. You can also leave no weak branches and only 1 fruit for strong branches.
After the successful planting of lemon trees, nitrogen fertilizer should be used as topdressing in the first two years to promote the formation of lemon crown, but there should also be an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Because too much nitrogen fertilizer will lead to the white growth of lemon trees, and the nutrition can not be guaranteed. Overnutrition will lead to premature ripening of fruits and the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. Pay attention to the application of compound fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus while using nitrogen fertilizer. In autumn, organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer of lemon tree to provide sufficient nutrition for the tree and promote flower bud germination, flowering and fruiting. Pay special attention to the fruit expansion period and topping period when fertilizing. Farmhouse manure can be used as fertilizer, but it should be fully decomposed, and more urea and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. Moreover, lemon trees are extremely drought-tolerant fruits, so they must be watered and irrigated in time.
Intertillage weeding is an important step in planting lemon trees. Intertillage is to make the soil softer, the roots can be stretched better, and the permeability of the soil is also enhanced. Weeding is to prevent weeds from robbing young trees of nutrients such as nutrients, water and sunlight. Especially before the arrival of high temperature and drought season in summer, loosening the soil in advance before the drought makes the soil softer, which has a certain effect on reducing water evaporation. At least three times a year, at least ten centimeters each time, but be careful not to hurt the roots.
Young lemon trees have strong growth ability and high flowering rate, and bent branches and backbone branches are easy to grow branches, which will affect the tree shape. Therefore, the pruning of lemon trees needs to be hung with ropes so that the auxiliary main branches are not bent. Wipe off the buds on the trunk and promote the development of lemon. Lemon is a vigorous fruit, so it should not be too heavy when pruning, and leave more branches and leaves to let the sun penetrate into the crown. Timely pruning, prevent lemon from growing white, and focus on burning waste branches such as diseased branches and dead branches.
As mentioned earlier, the growth ability of lemon trees is very strong. In order to prevent the situation of vigorous growth, many fruits and low quality, it can be controlled by cutting roots and controlling water on fruiting branches. It can be sprayed about 3 times in the early growth stage to inhibit the growth of branches, and it can promote the formation of flower buds before maturity in September. In case of continuous rainy weather, especially in spring, the petals should be shaken properly to make them fall, which can accelerate the lemon to turn green and prevent pests such as leaf curl moth from making the lemon tree grow and develop normally.
The shaping and pruning of dense trees. Prune lemon lightly a few years before close planting, mainly by smearing summer branches to protect fruits, promoting autumn branches as fruiting mother branches, and cutting off fruiting branches in time. Spraying Zhikong Wang Kehua on the top of vigorous trees can inhibit the overgrowth of branches, force a lot of nutrients to flow back from the top, adjust the growth and nutrition matching of fruit trees, and promote the differentiation of flower buds.
Lemon is an extreme food, known as the "king of sour fruit", and people who like to eat sour can't put it down. Those who don't like to eat sour avoid eating lemons. Although many people don't like it, its market demand is still very large, so the planting prospect is still good.
In daily life, lemon is usually used for juicing or seasoning. This kind of fruit has a particularly high content of vitamin C, which can improve human immunity, whiten and beautify the face.