1. Orchard construction: The orchard should be built in a place with sufficient water resources, good traffic conditions and a slope of no more than 25, and there should be water storage and irrigation facilities in the garden.

2. Sowing seedlings: Sow from late February to mid-March, with the plant spacing of 4m× 6m and the density of 1 10- 160 plants/mu.

3. Water and fertilizer management: After planting 1 month, thin manure water can be topdressing, quick-acting fertilizer can be topdressing before bud germination, and micro-sprinkler irrigation can be carried out in drought.

4. Reasonable pruning: Prune plants according to the principle of "pruning dense and keeping sparse, removing weak and keeping strong" and do a good job in pest control.

The first is orchard construction.

1. Establish the orchard in a place with sufficient water resources and good traffic conditions, and the terrain slope of the orchard shall not exceed 25? Parks should be equipped with water storage facilities, irrigation and drainage facilities and related road facilities.

2, in the slope does not exceed 5? Drainage measures should be taken when building gardens on gentle slopes and paddy fields.

3. Orchard soil should be loam and sandy loam, the PH value should be 5.5-7, the depth of soil layer should reach more than 80 cm, and the living soil layer should reach more than 60 cm.

Second, plant seedlings.

1, planting time

Citrus can generally be planted from late February to mid-March in spring (before spring seedlings germinate).

2. Planting density

(1) 4m plant spacing? Six meters, four meters? 3 meters, 4 meters? 1.5m,110/60 plants can be planted per mu, and the density can also be adjusted according to the actual situation.

(2) The specification of the planting pit is 1m? 1 m, decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and other fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizer in the pit.

Third, water and fertilizer management

1. When the weather is dry, drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation are used for watering. After planting 1 month, dilute manure can be applied appropriately, and the amount of fertilizer should be less than more.

2. The quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times before the new buds sprout, and the new buds sprout 3-4 times in 1 year as far as possible.

3. The end of February to March is spring, the middle and late May is summer, the middle and early July is early autumn, and165438+1late October is winter.

4. If the planting area is prone to freezing injury, it is necessary to stop topdressing from August to June in 65438+1October to avoid the plant freezing injury caused by nutrient consumption after the late autumn shoots and winter shoots germinate.

Fourth, reasonable pruning.

1, vegetative growth period

(1) The main work is to reshape and cultivate the crown. In the planting of 1-2 years, the main branches should be cultivated, the auxiliary main branches should be selected, and the side branches should be configured to promote the compact tree shape and lush foliage.

(2) timely bud removal, and new buds are cultivated for 3-4 times every year, so that the crown can be rapidly formed.

2. Growth and fruiting period

Continue to cultivate the crown and let it bear fruit in moderation. Promote new branches 3-4 times a year to make them evenly distributed and accelerate the formation of a compact crown.

3. Full fruiting period

(1) The plant height should be controlled below 2.5 meters, and the thickness of green leaf layer should be controlled above 1 meter, so as to keep strong branches.

(2) Because trees are suitable for pruning, what is the principle of pruning? Delete the secrets and leave the sparse, leave the weak and stay strong? Plants with many flowers can be cut more appropriately, otherwise they can be cut lightly.

4. Curing period

Cut off the old branches outside the crown that are not able to bear fruit.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Prevention and control of pests and diseases.

1, Huanglong disease

(1) Strengthen quarantine, prevent diseased seedlings and diseased ears from entering orange orchards, eradicate diseased plants in time, carefully check in spring, summer and autumn every year, dig out diseased plants and burn them centrally.

(2) When the new shoots grow to1-2cm, spraying insecticide1-2cm to control citrus psylla.

2, canker disease

(1) Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, remove diseased branches and leaves in time, and ensure the orderly growth of summer shoots and autumn shoots.

(2) When the extraction length of new shoots exceeds 3cm, chemical agents such as calcium sulfate, copper sulfate and copper acetate are sprayed.

(3) Spraying 50% amobam 700-fold solution or 77% Keith Downing 400-600-fold solution every 15 days/time.

3. Coal stain

(1) Strengthen management, prune properly, and spray 40% methidathion EC 800- 1000 times to control sucking insect pests such as whitefly, aphid, etc. (fruits cannot be used after coloring).

(2) When the condition is serious, spray 400 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

(3) Spray 0.5: 1: 100 times, or 800 times 50% wettable powder, or 600 times 80% wettable powder, or 400 times 40% wettable powder.

4. Anthrax

(1) Increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. In winter and spring, we should cut off dead branches, pests and diseases, focus on burning the sick and disabled, and do a good job of drainage after the rain.

(2) After finding the lesion, spray 500 times 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder +500 times 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 5000 times 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, or 1000 times 45% prochloraz water emulsion.

5, resin disease

(1) Do a good job in cold protection. After winter, before the temperature drops, cultivate 1-3-year-old young trees to enhance the tree vigor and improve the stress resistance of plants.

(2) Spraying 400-500 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 1000- 1500 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate before spring bud germination every year.

6, scab disease

(1) Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer to make the development of new shoots more orderly and healthy.

(2) Prune branches properly, enhance the permeability between plants, and cut off diseased branches and leaves in time.

(3) Spraying 80% M-45 wettable powder for 500-800 times, or 77% Kochide for 600-800 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 600-800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl for 8000 times before the new buds sprout to 2mm in spring.

7. Pests

(1) psyllid: 20% cyanide 2000 times solution and 20% clothianidin 2000 times solution can be sprayed for control.

(2) Aphids: 5% acetamiprid 1500 times solution or 25% thiamethoxam 2000 times solution can be sprayed for control.

(3) Fried cicadas: In June-August, deltamethrin 1, 500-2000 times solution can kill adults.

(4) Leaf miner: 20% cyanogen 2000 times solution and 5% imidacloprid can be sprayed for control.

(5) Scale insects: 45% chlorpyrifos 1000- 1200 times+10% pyridyl ether 1500-2000 times can be sprayed for control.