Carnations like to choose clay with good drainage, rich humus, good fertility and slight alkalinity. Among them, heavy loam is the best. The pH value of soil suitable for its growth is 5.6~6.4. Some soil analysis experiments show that when the pH value is in the range of 5.95~7.9, the content of soil organic matter has no obvious effect on flowering, which is mainly determined by soil texture.
How to water
Pay attention to watering to avoid water accumulation. The root system of carnation is fibrous root system, and long-term water accumulation or high humidity in soil or long-term high temperature on leaves are not conducive to its normal growth and development. Therefore, to advocate drip irrigation, we should also pay attention to the problems of water quality and water salinity, and pay attention to loosening soil and drainage in rainy season.
Breeding environment
In the planting environment of carnation, it is necessary to control the light and temperature to prevent the leaves of carnation from withering: there is a reaction from flower friends, and the leaves wither during planting. This problem is mainly caused by poor temperature and light control. When the temperature is above 30 degrees, it is easy to cause wilting symptoms. The most suitable environmental temperature for carnation growth is 13-25 degrees, and the light condition is controlled at 6-8 hours per day. Can ensure the normal growth of potted carnations. Liking bright light is an important feature of carnations. Whether it is indoor interdisciplinary, potted summer or greenhouse cultivation, it needs sufficient light and should be placed in the sunny position of direct sunlight.
Fertilization method
Carnations prefer fertilizer. Before planting, sufficient baking fertilizer and bone meal should be applied, and liquid fertilizer should be applied continuously during the growing period. Generally, decomposed thin fertilizer water is applied once every 10 day, and topdressing is performed once after picking flowers. Fertilization is forbidden during the high temperature period in summer, otherwise it will wither and die easily.
Dressing and shaping
In order to make carnations bloom more, coring should be carried out many times from the seedling stage: when the seedlings grow 8-9 pairs of leaves, coring should be carried out for the first time, and 4-6 pairs of leaves should be kept; When more than 4 pairs of leaves grow on the lateral branches, the second core removal is carried out, and 3-4 pairs of leaves are left on each lateral branch, so that the whole plant finally has 12- 15 lateral branches. When pregnant, only one bud is left at the top of each lateral branch, and all buds and lateral branches sprouted in the axils below the top should be pulled out in time. Cut off the pedicel in time after the first flowering, leaving only two buds at the base of each branch. After such repeated enucleation, plants can be beautiful and flowers can be colorful.
breeding method
Carnation is propagated by cutting. Cutting time is not limited, except the climate is too hot, it can be propagated in other seasons. Choose plants with no pests and diseases, strong growth and tight internodes, with 3~4 pairs of unfolded leaves and 65,438+0 pairs of unexpanded leaves, and the flower bud rate of group cutting is less than 65,438+00%. Generally, it is necessary to avoid the hot summer in July and August, and the cuttings should be of good quality. Pearlite with large particles should be used as cutting masterbatch, which has good water quality. The cutting bed should be desktop.
control of insect
Common diseases of carnation include calyx rot, rust, gray mold, bud rot and root rot. Zineb can be used to prevent calyx rot, and 5- oxide rust can prevent rust. In the prevention and control of other diseases, zineb, carbendazim or cardan should be used for soil treatment before planting. In case of spiders and aphids, 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times solution is generally used to kill them.
The above is the cultivation method of potted carnations. The key to cultivating carnations is to keep a well-ventilated and sunny environment. Pay attention to water control, not only afraid of waterlogging, but also tolerant of drought. Summer is semi-dormant, avoiding direct sunlight.