Fruit tree management in autumn and winter is an important part of fruit tree management and a necessary measure to ensure good growth and fruitful results in the second year.
1. Fertilization base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer for fruit trees to supply nutrients for a long time in 1 year, and it must be fully applied. Usually, slow-acting organic fertilizer is mainly used, with phosphate fertilizer and a small amount of available nitrogen fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are mostly human and animal manure, green manure, grass, straw and so on. Phosphate fertilizer is usually calcium superphosphate. The most suitable time to apply base fertilizer is autumn, and it should be applied immediately after fruit harvesting, sooner rather than later. Fertilization methods can be annular furrow fertilization, radial furrow fertilization and zonal furrow fertilization, which are applied alternately every year.
2. Irrigate fruit trees with overwintering water 1 time before soil freezing after applying base fertilizer in autumn.
Third, painting the trunk white can prevent freezing injury and prevent winter pests and diseases of the trunk. The trunk painting mainly uses limewater, proper amount of salt and pig blood. A small amount of yellow mud can also be added.
4. Pruning fruit trees, especially in winter, is the main measure of fruit tree management, and flexible use of "cutting short, thinning, shrinking branches, throwing branches, damaging branches, bending branches, supporting skills, pulling skills" and other means. To achieve "tangible immortality, intangible chaos", so that the trunk of fruit trees is stable and firm, and the branches are distributed reasonably. When pruning fruit trees cultivated for many years, attention should be paid to keeping the extension heads of main branches, and pruning branches reasonably, so as to achieve the three-dimensional effect of "sparse on the top and dense on the bottom, dense on the inside and dense on the outside", solve the problem of ventilation and light transmission, and properly prune cross branches, overlapping branches, drooping branches and pests and diseases. For the pruning of natural trees abandoned at the end of many years, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the transformation of trees, make full use of the means of "supporting and pulling", widen the angle of big branches, properly carry out thinning and pruning, give priority to ventilation and light transmission, and renew the cultivated branches. Avoid thinning too many branches, turning big trees into small trees, and causing "counterpart injury" and "ring injury" of the central trunk.
Five, pest control (1) and pruning, cutting off pests and diseases. Timely remove the dead leaves and diseased fruits left on the trees, remove the bundles such as fruit hanging ropes, and eliminate the wintering places of pests and diseases. Scrape the old skin off the tree in time and burn it centrally. (2) The diseased spots on the fruit trees should be scraped off in time. After scraping, apply 843 healing agent, preservative, etc. , to remove the disease residue should also be centralized incineration. (3) The stone sulfur mixture can kill and control many kinds of fruit tree diseases and insect pests, especially when all branches of the fruit tree are exposed after defoliation, the control effect is better with "light drying" medicine, and you can use your own stone sulfur mixture and use Pomei 3 degrees. When spraying medicine, it should be sprayed evenly and carefully from top to bottom and from inside to outside, and sprayed to the whole plant.