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1. Translation of Preface to Yan Taichu's Essays: Confucianism is no longer advocated in the world.

Today's scholar-officials must call themselves Confucianism. What is Confucianism like? Can you be called a Confucian with a high crown and wide sleeves? You can call him Confucianism by holding a simple book? What's more, using a pen and ink to circle articles and weave gorgeous words is far from being a Confucian.

In addition, the prime ministers of the Western Han Dynasty, such as Sun, Sun, Sun, Sun and Kong Guang, and Ouyang Juan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, are called great scholars. Can they really be Confucian? Shandong people look too early and have always looked down on these people. Reading the book of the late king, I don't want to know too much, just want to know the truth.

After understanding the truth, not only read (the book of the late king). Show off in front of people and practice.

He looks no different from the villagers, and his external image is low-key. He kept a low profile because Wang Zhidao was unknown first, so he wanted to seek the gains and losses of national politics and customs in the world, and wrote poems to publicize Wang Zhidao first.

In the early years of Jing You, Qingzhou was a dissolute animal husbandry, longing for Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. At that time, scholars from all directions were willing to follow his example, without the constraints of Ming Jiao. Gradually form an atmosphere.

Yan Taichu hated him as a source of chaos and wrote a song "A Dang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" to mock him. The poem then spread to North Korea, and the son of heaven immediately ruled Qingzhou as a shepherd.

Another shepherd in Yunzhou was annoyed by the honesty and integrity of his subordinates and his naysayers, so he framed him, convicted him and killed him in prison. The subordinate's wife is too weak to appeal on her own. Yan Taichu has been making friends with his subordinates and sympathizing with his unjust death.

After writing the poem Crying Friends, Mu was also dismissed from office. At that time, Yan Taichu was recommended to the imperial court for his erudition, and the emperor appointed him imperial academy.

There happened to be an empire that had never dealt with Yan Taichu, and advised the emperor that Yan Taichu was wild and unruly and could not learn. After the arrival of the imperial edict, Yan Taichu was changed to the main book of Riverside House.

Yan Taichu is a man. In fact, he is generous and gentle and has political achievements. Not crazy.

From Linjin to Yingtianfu Lake Cao, he was in charge of Nanjing and died in Suiyang. According to the old rules, judges, divisions, books, and captains take the test four times. As long as there is no responsibility (the second test is because they owe national taxes), they will be promoted to county magistrate according to the old rules.

Even those stupid, weak, old and useless people will get this position as long as they endure enough years. However, I didn't know who was there until the beginning, and (although) Jinshi took off his cloth for nearly ten years.

In the end, I couldn't get rid of the position of judge, secretary and captain until my death, when I was only in my forties. Alas, the loss of Heaven Confucianism must have put him in a miserable situation? Didn't you say that dogs have to shovel and hoe when they call little people? Why is his career and life so embarrassing? The world regards the official position of Yan Taichu as a general, and articles often accuse people.

People with ghosts hate to hear about him. Although I got his articles, I didn't pay much attention to him, so I abandoned many articles and only got two.

In the same state, I got the Title Record written by him, and now I collect it as a preface. The reputation of scholars in the previous generation was not obvious at that time, but many people stood in the later generations.

Although his official position was humble and he died early, must his article not be passed down? People who read these articles in the future. After reading his poem "The Car Behind", you will never forget the last lesson. Seeing his poem "Righteousness", propriety and righteousness are no longer corrupted; Seeing his poem "Crying Friends", even cruel officials felt guilty. Seeing his "title of the same state", then the sheriff will know the disadvantages; After reading his "Wang Xianyi Ji", the county magistrate no longer bothered the kitchen biography (post office).

From this perspective, the benefits are great! Original: The world is not Confucianism for a long time. Scholars in this world will call themselves Confucianism when they speak.

What is the fruit of Confucianism? Are high crowns, wide belts and wide clothes called Confucianism evil? Holding a simple book is the evil of Confucianism? Besides, it is far from enough to say that Confucianism is based on the words of Mohan and Zhiqi Group. Sun, Xiao, Kong Guang, the prime ministers of the Western Han Dynasty, and Ouyang Juan, Zhang Jian, etc. of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the so-called world university, need not say much.

Is it enough to be a Confucian? Yan Lu is too early, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and he is often angry. If you read the book of the late king, you will find the cause if the chapters and sentences are not cured.

If you have a reason, don't recite, praise others, and you will follow suit. In its body, it has nothing to do with the appearance of difficult times, but it is not just outside.

Not only that, Wang Zhidao died first, but also sought the gains and losses of national politics and customs in the world to spread poems. At the beginning of Jing Youchu, the rural areas in Qingzhou took debauchery and debauchery as their business, and longed for Ji Kang and Ruan Ji for the people. At that time, the literati in all directions were happy to be bound by unknown religions, and they were immersed in the wind.

At the beginning, I hated it, regarded it as the root of the customs in troubled times, and wrote a song "Dong Zhou Yi Dang" to stab it. Hearing this, the son of heaven was anxious to cure Mu Zhi.

Another shepherd in Yunzhou was ordered to be upright, falsely accused people different from himself of committing crimes, and the list was plundered to death in prison. The wife is too weak to sue herself. It is useless for her to write a poem "Crying for Friends" in her early days.

When or recommended in the beginning of learning, a letter to the straight imperial academy. At first, there will be bad things, saying that they are too arrogant to be appointed as academic officials.

Imperial edict, except for the main book house near Jin River. At the beginning, he was a man, generous and kind, not crazy.

Since joining Jin, he changed to Tianfu Hu Cao, took charge of Nanjing School, and died in Suiyang. In the old system, there were four subjects: judge, division, book and captain, and there was no responsibility in the hall. For example, an order is recorded.

Stupid people, no income, accumulated years will have income. Only at the beginning did I realize this. After nearly ten years of learning, I can't get rid of punishment, division, book and captain for life. When I died, it was built for more than forty years.

Alas, will the loss of Confucian scholars in heaven be a big bad thing? A strange dog barks, but a stubborn one sees a hoe. He Ho and Shou Qiong? The world saw that the early official position did not move, and his writings mostly pointed to the bad news of the people with defects. Although his writings are not very heavy, most of them have been abandoned and lost, leaving only two volumes. In the same state, he got what he did, "the title record", which is the order of this episode.

People in previous lives are not obvious in the present, but many people stand in the future. Although the beginning is mean to death, will its words not be passed down? People of insight in the future will read his poem "The Rear Car" and never forget to take it as a warning; Looking at his poem "A Dang", the propriety is not bad; Looking at his poem "Crying Friends", the cruel officials are ashamed; Looking at his title of the same state, we can see the disadvantages of politics; Look at his "Wang Xianyi Ji", the guard doesn't care about the kitchen biography.

If it is for the benefit, it is not thick! Extended data:

Preface to Yan Taichu's Essays is selected from Sima Guang's Collection of Sima Guang in Song Dynasty. The combination of narrative and discussion.

When describing Yan Taichu's life experience, the author expressed his appreciation and deep sympathy. Yes

2. Translation Reference of Early Essays The world has long since stopped advocating Confucianism.

Now scholars all over the world will call themselves Confucianism. What are the real Confucianists? Wearing a high hat, wide belt and fat sleeves, can you be called a Confucian? Holding bamboo slips, reading at a desk, whining, is this called Confucianism? Or use a little ink to wet the tip of the pen and weave some articles full of gorgeous rhetoric to be called Confucian, which is far from the real Confucian. Besides these, as for Sun, Xiao, Kong Guang, the prime ministers of the Western Han Dynasty, and Ouyang Juan,, and, the so-called great Confucians in the East Han Dynasty, are they really worthy of the name? Lu people are earlier than Yan, and their words are mellow. They are often indignant at this situation.

He immediately read the book of the late king, instead of studying chapters and sentences, he must explore the truth. After mastering the principle in the book of the late king, we should not just praise it to exaggerate and deceive the world, but must practice it ourselves.

The truth of its own existence is taught to the villagers without reservation, but the truth outside itself cannot be carried forward. If it can't be carried forward, the truth of the former king seems to be covered up, so he explores the gains and losses of the country's political customs and writes poems and articles to publicize and spread it.

In the early years of Jingyu, there was a herdsman in Qingzhou who acted dissolutely and admired Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. At that time, scholar-officials who were not bound by birthright and ethics followed suit and gradually became a trend. At first, he hated this phenomenon and thought it had become the root of chaos, so he wrote a poem "A Dang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" to satirize it.

This poem was heard by the emperor, and the son of heaven urgently ruled Qingzhou. Another shepherd in Yunzhou was angry with his subordinate county magistrate for being honest and clean, and had different political views, so he framed others and tortured them to death in prison.

The wife and children of the county magistrate are too weak to complain alone. At the beginning, they had a friendly relationship with the county magistrate, so they pitied him for his death and wrote a poem "Crying Friends", which led to Mu's dismissal. At this time, it was recommended that, from the beginning, he had knowledge and culture, so he was appointed as imperial academy.

There happened to be a suggestion who was always unfriendly to Taichu, saying that Taichu was arrogant and impatient and could not be appointed as a scholar. The imperial edict immediately issued his place, and he was appointed as the main sparse in the middle of the river.

Being a beginner, you are actually tolerant and kind, and you can do a lot. He is not an arrogant and impatient person. From Linjin to Yingtianfu Tiger Grass, he took charge of Nanjing and died in Suiyang.

According to the old system, judges, secretaries, bookkeepers and captains can be promoted to the county magistrate list as long as they are not inferior because they owe the state fiscal and taxation. Even those who are stupid, timid and old have no advantages. In a few years, they will definitely rise to the level of county magistrate.

But at the beginning, he was brilliant and knowledgeable, and entered the official career for nearly ten years, but he never got rid of the ranks of judges, divisions, books and captains all his life. He died in his forties. Alas! Is it that God wants to ruin the reputation of Confucian scholars, so that they must be particularly miserable? Is it necessary for laity to get together and slander saints, so that villains with strange smiles must be eradicated? Why is his career and life so miserable? The world can see that Tai Chu's official position is not very high, and his articles contain a lot of accusations and criticisms. Some people with shortcomings hate listening to his articles.

Although he got his article, it didn't attract much attention, so most of his poems were abandoned and lost. I only have two volumes. In the same state, I found the "Title Record" written by him, and now I collect it and write it in the preface.

The previous generation of scholars did not have a prominent position when they were alive, but too many articles were circulated in later generations. Although Yan Taichu has a low status and a short life span, can't his articles be circulated? Those who see these poems in the future will never forget to use them for reference when they read his poem "The Rear Car". Reading one of his poems will make you happy; Reading his poem "Crying Friends", so cruel officials feel guilty; After reading his title of the same state, the prefect will understand the disadvantages; After reading his "Looking at Immortals", the prefect no longer enjoys delicious food.

From this point of view, isn't the benefit brought by this book very rich? (Translated by Guo Xiangyi from Hangzhou Renhe Foreign Language School).

3. The poem 1 is full of words, and Liang Hongyuan is isolated from the world (Yuan Haowen, Zhetian)

2. The cited case (Yuan Yuanfang)

3. Loud Wuqi (Don Qiu Meng)

4. Hongliang sent me food (Song Luyou's "Singing")

5. Liang Hongde's Yao Hui Ji Ri (Tang Li Bai's He Lv Shi Yutong Tang Qu).

6. Hongliang refused to be an official (Tang Bai Juyi's "Gift Inside")

7, not hot (Don Robin Wang's "Summer Tour to Texas for Senior Four")

8. Hongliang went to Sang Zi (A Trip to Yin Hui by Xie Lingyun in the Southern and Northern Dynasties)

9. Hongliang went to Sang Zi (A Trip to Yin Hui by Xie Lingyun in the Southern and Northern Dynasties)

10, Hongliangkong Wushu Association (Song Yan Taichu, Dongzhou Yidang).

1 1, Hongliang joined the club (Tang Libai's "Slogan for Jun Hong in Public")

12, Hongliang and his wife will fly together (Tang Lugui dreamed of "Celebrating the Period of Hearing about America")

13, Liang Hongtu's Song of Wu Bai (Song Note "An Interview with 100 Poems of He Yan Chief")

14, it's a girl (Narration of Wang Tangji in the Mountain).

15, Hongliang and his wife crossed the line (Tang Gukuang's "Luoyang Hangs Send Luoyang Weiqi Names")

16, Honglianggui Tomb (two elegies by Wang Song Anshi Shi Zhi Shao Shao Qing)

17, Liang (yue, "Seventy Rhymes of Li Xinzhong")

18, Anke Zhui (Qi's "Sending a piece of Wuwei to East Chuzhou")

19, Hongliang's wife is also high (Song Ceng Gong's "Nanyuanzhuang")

20. Avoid the world and not be an official (Hong's "Gao Arbitrary Villa")

I recommend these to you, I hope they will help you ~

4. "Li Ling, the word is too early" Reading answer and translation "Ancient Poetry Original and Translation" Author: Read the following classical Chinese and answer this question.

(19) Li Ling is from Feixiang, Mianzhou. Ling was less eager to learn, ambitious, peaceful and rejuvenating the country for five years, and was promoted to Jinshi Jiake.

The Prime Minister summoned the imperial guards to judge the imperial edict, and Taizong played it, and ordered him to go straight to the history museum. In the third year of Yongzheng, Emperor Taizong called the Prime Minister's Day: "Li Ling and Song Shu are both scholars.

"That is, make a phone call to test, and in addition to the right to fill a vacancy and know the patent. Ling is at the bottom, especially at the top.

In four years, I made contributions with Bai Song, a bachelor of Hanlin. Although there are many slanders, I don't blame Ling.

Join Hanlin as a bachelor. Will the qidan border, true north luckily, Liu Ling, Shi Jing awe.

When Zhenzong returned, Ling Ying greeted him in the suburbs, ordered people to sit and buy wine, and comforted him for a long time. Zhenzong asked what should be done first, and the next day said, "People who don't have to flatter the wedding ceremony are the first.

The Japanese asked, "For example, Xun Mei, Zeng Zhiyao and so on." . "The emperor tasted language, and it was difficult for the Tang people to establish a party, which weakened the royal family and made it difficult to distinguish good from evil.

Ling said to Japan, "My words are as faithful as mine, and treacherous words are as faithful as mine, even like deceit. Li Mian thinks it is true and evil is true." Zhenzong Day: "Although the traces of evil deeds are difficult to distinguish, they have been defeated for a long time."

One night, the emissary held an imperial edict to establish Wei Liu's imperial concubine, and Ling lit the imperial edict and gave it to the emissary with the date: "But Taoist Ling thought it was impossible." This concludes its discussion.

The emperor called it the day when the tomb had no secret joy: "Everyone has secret joy, and Qing has no secret joy. Why not? " To Japan: "I am guilty of prime minister, and business is business. Why use secret revelation? " Madam, if I have a secret message, I will swear or swear. How can I help you if I hate it often? "Lingxiang, Wang Dan participate in politics, in the northwest, or eat. Dan sighed and said, "Our generation can sit back and have a nice trip. "Mi Ri:" Worrying less and being diligent is enough to be vigilant.

All directions will be quiet, and the court may not have nothing to do. After the marriage, the Khitan asked him what he thought, saying, "Good is good, but if you suffer from loss, you should rest, lest people become extravagant."

I don't think so. Ling takes it from thieves from all directions every day, but he thinks the details are not enough to bother him.

He said, "man should be the master of youth, so it is difficult to know the four directions." Otherwise, if you are full of blood and don't pay attention to your emotions, you will do things like civil engineering, armored soldiers, and the Hall of Prayer for the New Year.

"After Ling's death, Zhenzong made peace with the Khitan and Xixia, and later sealed the Cifen (1), the Daying Palace Temple, and talked about the drop code (3). Far from knowing it, Dan looked at the sun with a sigh: "Li Wenjing is really a saint. "

Therefore, it is called the "holy phase". In July of the first year of Jingdezhen, Ling and others went to the DPRK, and returned home in a hurry. They called the doctor for a consultation and asked him to see him.

Tomorrow, I will drive to Wen Lin and give you 5200 platinum. Fang Fang returned to the palace at the age of 58.

When I heard this, I was surprised. I kept driving and I was about to cry. I said, "Ling is a minister, honest and consistent. I don't want to enjoy a long life! " I cried again after the speech. Abolish the dynasty for five days and give it to Qiu, Zhong Shuling and Shi Wenjing.

When Ling died, Xun Mei was still recommended for use. Zhenzong said, "Li Ling tried his best to say that he was not a gentleman." It's too easy to trust people.

(Excerpted from History of Song Dynasty? Volume 282? Chuan 4 1 has been abridged) Note 1 Feng Daici Fen: Feng Taishan, offering sacrifices to Fenyin. (2) coquetry: (ǒ u), the same as "search".

(3) Deception: refers to the abolished laws and regulations. 4. The incorrect explanation of the words added in the following sentences is () (3 points) A. Tong Zhi Gong Ju Zhi: Being the master of the house B. Being self-defeating over time: failure C. Waiting for an opportunity to leak will be leaked to the DPRK: time tool, extended to time D. Fun driving is fun again: hurry 5. The following sentences all show that Li Ling is influenced by the true Sect. I don't blame Ling Zhen for living in Beixing. Who ordered Ling to stay at home? (4) Li Wenjing, a true saint, and (6) Li Ling, who said he was not a gentleman. A.125b.134c.346d.2566. The following summary and analysis of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect: () (3 points) A. Li Ling.

B. Li Ling had foresight, and most of his predictions appeared afterwards. Wang Dan marveled that he was a saint and called him a "saint". C. Li Ling is open-minded and attaches importance to business, and has always looked down on adulterers who often sneak around.

D. Li Ling is worried that Zhenzong is young and soft-blooded. If you don't tell him that everything in the world is difficult, he will indulge in debauchery or waste people's money. 7。

Translate underlined sentences in the text. (10) (1) The emperor said that it was difficult for the Tang people to establish a party, the royal family was weak, and evil spirits were difficult to distinguish.

(5 points) A: (2) If your wife and minister reveal secrets, they either swear or swear, and I often hate them. How effective are they? (5 points) A:.

5. Classical Chinese at the turn of Guan Bao 1. The original text in classical Chinese is a person loyal to me.

I often travel with Bao Shu's teeth, and Bao Shu knows his talent. Guan Zhong was poor and often bullied Uncle Bao, but Uncle Bao finally satisfied him well and didn't take it for granted.

Bao Shu worked for the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong worked for Gong Zijiu. Xiao Bai made Huan Gong, the son died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was imprisoned.

Uncle Bao then went into Guanzhong. Guan Zhong is both useful and political.

Qi Huangong wants to establish hegemony, nine princes, one kuangtian, Guanzhong's plan. Guan Zhong said, "I tasted Bao Shujia when I was in trouble and shared wealth with him. Uncle Bao didn't treat me as greedy and knew I was poor.

I tried to find a job for Uncle Bao, and I was poorer. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows when it's good or bad. I have tasted three officials and three people, and I am driven by you. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm evil, but he knows I'm not in trouble.

I have tasted three wars and three walks, and Uncle Bao is not afraid of me, knowing that I have an old mother. Miyako was defeated for a long time and was called to die suddenly. My prisoner was humiliated. Bao Shu didn't treat me as * * *, knowing that I am not ashamed, but my shame and reputation are not obvious to the world.

My parents know steamed stuffed bun. "Bao Shu has entered the customs, and it is a loss.

Shilu's descendants lived in Qi, and there were more than a dozen feudal lords, often famous doctors. There are not many smart people in Guan Zhong, but Uncle Bao knows many people.

Since Guan Zhong became independent, he has lived on the seashore with only a small amount of money, accumulated wealth, enriched Qiang Bing, and shared the joys and dislikes with the people. Therefore, it is said: "The granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace, and clothes are solid."

If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. Orders are like running water, which makes people feel happy. "

Therefore, the theory is humble and relaxed. What the vulgar want, let it go; Vulgar is not, so go.

It is also the government, good every cloud has a silver lining, that turned defeat into victory. Weigh carefully.

Huan Gong was really angry with Cai, so Guan Zhong attacked Chu and blamed Mao for not paying tribute. Huan Gong was really good at the Northern Expedition, and Guan Zhong put Yan Xiu in charge of Zhao Gong.

At the meeting of Yu Ke, Huan Gong wanted to break the contract, Guan Zhong believed it was true, and the princes returned to Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing what it is used for is the treasure of politics."

Guan Zhongfu intends to go to the government, and he has three returns and is buried. Qi people don't think this is luxury. When Guan Zhong died, it was often better for Qi to obey his own government than for princes.

Tai Shigong said: I read the Herdsmen, The Mountain is High, Riding a Horse, Light and Heavy, Nine Rooms and The Spring and Autumn Period of Yan Zi, and I choose my words carefully. Ever since I saw him writing a book and wanted to see him act, I have passed it on.

As for his books, there are many in the world, so anyway, tell me his anecdotes. Guan is a so-called virtuous minister, but Confucius is a villain. Do you think that Zhou Dao is declining and Huan Gong is virtuous, but instead of encouraging him to be king, he is overbearing? As the saying goes, "let it be beautiful, keep it evil, and blind date from top to bottom."

What does Guan Zhong mean? Fang Yanzi cried over the body of the landlord, saluted and left. Is it evil to say, "Being brave is not brave"? As far as his advice is concerned, it is shameful to offend the monarch. What a so-called "faithful thinking will make up for it" person! Although I let Yan Zi play, I was behind the scenes, and I was greatly appreciated. Guan Zhong, also known as Yi Wu, is a good man.

When he was young, he often interacted with Bao and knew that he was talented. Guan Zhong was born in a poor family and often occupied part of Bao Shu's property, but Bao Shu always treated him well and didn't complain.

Later, he served the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong served Gong Zijiu. When Xiaobai was made Duke Huan, Gong Zijiu was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned.

Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong to Huan Gong. After Guan Zhong was hired, he took charge of Qi politics, which led to Qi Huangong's hegemony. It is Guan Zhong's strategy to gather many governors to form an alliance and rectify the world.

Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I often did business with Uncle Bao, and I often got more money by myself. Uncle Bao didn't treat me like a greedy man. He knows I'm poor. I used to work for uncle Bao, but things got worse and worse. Uncle Bao didn't think I was an idiot. He knows that this opportunity is both favorable and unfavorable.

He was an official many times and was driven away by the monarch many times. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like an incompetent person. He knew that I had no luck. I have fought many wars and retreated many times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I am a coward. He knows that my family has an old mother.

After Miyako failed to compete for the throne for a long time, my colleague Zhao suddenly committed suicide, and I was locked in a deep prison to drag out an ignoble existence. Uncle Bao didn't think I was * * *. He knows that I will not be ashamed of losing my part, but I am ashamed that my reputation has never been shown off in the world. My parents gave birth to me, and Uncle Bao knows me! "Bao Shu recommended guanzhong, willingly surrender guanzhong.

His descendants have enjoyed their salaries in Qi for generations, and more than a dozen generations have had fiefs, mostly famous doctors. Therefore, people all over the world do not praise Guan Zhong's talent, but praise Bao Shu's ability to identify talents.

After the reign of Qi, Guan Zhong relied on the geographical conditions of Qi, a small coastal country, to circulate goods and accumulate wealth, making him as rich as an enemy and sharing likes and dislikes with ordinary people. Therefore, he said in the book: "When the granary is full, you will know the etiquette; Eat and wear warm clothes, and you will know the honor and disgrace; The enjoyment of kings has a certain system, and the six relatives are closely linked; If the ethics of propriety, justice and shame are not publicized, the country will perish.

Promulgating laws is like flowing water from the source, and it must conform to the people's hearts. "So his law is simple, and what most people yearn for is given because of the situation; If ordinary people don't approve, they will follow and change.

Guan Zhong is in charge of politics, and he is good at turning disaster into pleasure and failure into success. Pay great attention to the priorities of things and weigh the pros and cons carefully.

Duke Huan was very angry with his youngest wife, Cai Ji, so he went south to attack Cai Guo, while Guan Zhong took the opportunity to crusade against Chu and condemned him for not paying tribute to the Zhou royal family. In fact, Huan Gong was good at Northern Expedition, but Guan Zhong took the opportunity to let Yan practice good governance.

When Qi and Lu were in the League of Kedi, Huan Gong intended to tear up the signed covenant and return it to Lu, but Guan Zhong insisted on returning it, making Lu believe in Qi, and all the princes in the world joined Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing how to pay is to gain, which is the magic weapon for governing the country."

Guan Zhong's wealth can be compared with that of princes and royalty. People in Qi don't think he is extravagant. After Guan Zhong's death, Qi followed his politics and religion and often dominated the princes.

Tai Shigong said: I have read Guan Zi's "Herdsmen", mountain height, riding, weight, nine fu, and Yan Zi's "Spring and Autumn Annals", all of which are written in great detail. I read their books and wanted to examine their deeds, so I wrote their biographies.

As for their books, the whole world can see them, so I won't discuss them, just tell some anecdotes about them. The world knows that Guan Zhong is a virtuous minister, but Confucius looks down on him.

Murphy thinks that the rule of Zhou Dynasty has declined, and Huan Gong is a wise monarch, but Guan Zhong does not encourage him to practice kingly.

6. Explore the original text and significance of the classical Chinese "Exploring the Pearl"

The idiom "looking for pearls" means that writing an article can stick to the theme and grasp the main points.

A long time ago, there lived a family near the Yellow River. They made a living by cutting reeds, weaving curtains and dustpans, and their lives were very poor.

One day, my son was cutting reeds by the river. The hot sun made him dizzy, so he sat down to have a rest. He looked at the river in front of him, shining in the sun, and remembered that his father had said that there were many treasures in the deepest part of the river, but no one dared to go because there lived a fierce black dragon named Zilong. He thought, if we dive to the bottom of the river and find the treasure, our family won't have to work all day, and we can still have three meals. We might as well have a try. He took off his clothes again and again and plunged into the cold river.

At first, he could see small fish swimming around him. Further down, the light gets darker and the water gets colder. Finally, he couldn't see anything, and it was dark all around. He is a little scared and doesn't know where to swim. Just then, not far away, there was a round object shining. Look carefully, ah, that's a pearl! He held his breath and swam over, holding the pearl in his hand and pulling it hard, and the pearl reached his arms. He quickly surfaced, went ashore and ran home.

As soon as my father saw the pearl, he asked him where it came from. He told the story to his father in detail. The father listened and said, "That was close! This precious pearl grows under the chin of the black dragon. The black dragon must have fallen asleep when you picked it. If it wakes up, you are dead. " This story can be found in Zhuangzi Lieyukou. The idiom "looking for pearls" means that writing an article can stick to the theme and grasp the main points.