First, change pots.

Changing pots is one of the main cultivation measures, which is usually carried out after the branches mature in autumn every year. After changing pots, a batch of new roots can grow before winter. Before changing pots, the soil should be slightly dry, so as to avoid watering, so as to avoid soil scattering and root cutting. When changing pots, use a wooden stick to push the top at the bottom hole of the pot, lift or pour the seedlings, and then plant the original plants in a larger pot.

Second, the cultivation and management of the crown

Through fertilizer and water management, bud control and short cutting and pruning, four branches (one in spring, two in summer and one in autumn) are put in place to ensure that the hair tips are neat, uniform and thick, and an excellent crown shape with strong skeleton, many branches at all levels and dark green branches and leaves is cultivated.

1, water supply

Because of the small size of the basin and the limited soil, the soil moisture is easily affected by the surrounding environment. In order to keep the balance of soil moisture, we should pay close attention to the water content in the basin. If the clay particles 3cm below the basin surface are pale white, it means that the water is insufficient and should be supplemented. The root system is weak in spring, so the soil moisture should not be too large; There should be more and more water supply in early summer; The high temperature in summer and autumn is also the water demand period of fruits, so potted oranges should be watered over the bottom to reduce soil temperature, protect roots and regulate tree temperature; Water supply should be reduced when the fruit is ripe; No irrigation during flower bud differentiation. The general principle is: "hydrophobic and breathable, dry is better than wet." For the waterlogging on the basin surface after several days of continuous rainfall, the drainage holes at the basin bottom should be dredged in time, and irrigation and sprinkling should be flexibly controlled according to various conditions, twice a day on sunny days and three times when the temperature is high and the evaporation is large. In addition, citrus production needs a certain air humidity. When the air is dry, the branches and leaves should be sprayed with water 1~3 times to improve the air humidity.

2. Fertilizer management

Potted cinnabar orange pots have limited volume and dense roots. Improper fertilization is easy to cause fertilizer damage. We must pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other trace elements, dry application and water application, and diligent application and thin application.

Fertilization of fruitless potted citrus: based on N, P and K fertilizers, on the basis of applying sufficient basic fertilizers in the upper basin and the heel basin, 65,438+00 ~ 20g dry bean skin powder was applied 20 days before shoot-out, and 65,438+0 times quick-acting fertilizers were applied before shoot-out, during shoot extension and when leaves turned green.

Results Fertilization of potted oranges (including potted oranges with fruit in the coming year): Taking the fertilization amount of potted three-year-old cinnabar oranges with a diameter of 40cm as an example, the key application in five main periods (dry application of bean skin powder) combined with diligent application of thin water fertilizer in peacetime.

Key points of fertilization in the main stage: ① Before and after the mother branch matures, apply 25~35g peanut bran to the plant, and add appropriate amount of P and K fertilizers. ② Flower-promoting fertilizer: apply peanut bran 10~25g water fertilizer when the buds turn white. ③ General plants were applied with 10~25g peanut bran. This time, we should carefully apply nitrogen fertilizer, and apply pure nitrogen fertilizer to strong trees and few fruits. (4) When the young fruit is the size of soybean, after the second physiological fruit drop, apply 10~25g peanut bran to strengthen the fruit. ⑤ Apply 20~30g of peanut bran as fertilizer in August to promote germination and strong fruit. Water and fertilizer should be supplemented at intervals of the above key fertilizers. The water and fertilizer can be 10% ~ 20% human excrement and urine, 0.4% urea solution or 10% decomposed bran water (every half month 1 time), but after the water and fertilizer application, the leaves should be slightly sprinkled with water to wash off the fertilizer stuck to the leaves. Commonly used trace elements such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, decomposed human excrement and urine, plant ash, etc., should be applied outside the root when the air humidity is high.

3, plastic pruning

There are mainly short cutting, bud control and thinning. First, it will be carried out 10~20 days before shooting. Only the terminal buds were cut off in the current year, leaving10 ~15 cm; Second, before the spring buds germinate, the plants that are not arranged to bear fruit in winter and spring are pruned again and again for weak branches, and sometimes they can be pruned again to the lower branches last year or the year before last. Shooting control refers to manually erasing shoots below 3cm, sporadic buds and early buds to promote the flowering of new shoots. Thinning branches means cutting off dense branches, dead branches, insect pests and residual branches, so that the crown density is reasonable, the branches are evenly distributed, the illumination is improved, the pests and diseases are reduced, and the fruit quality is improved.