Garden activities in West Asia began in ancient Persia (present-day Iran) and influenced all Islamic regions such as Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Spain and Arabia. The climate in West Asia and North Africa is dry, arid and desert, so people can only manage a small oasis in their own gardens. In their minds, water and shade are particularly precious. They think that "paradise in heaven" (Eden) is a big garden with running water, trees and flowers, and wonderful music echoes in the temple. Therefore, Arabs are used to enclosing square and flat gardens with fences or walls, so as to draw a clear line between nature and man-made. The garden is arranged in a "sky" shape, divided into four areas with vertical and horizontal axes. The axis is built into a cross-tree avenue, and the central pool at the intersection symbolizes heaven. Later, the role of water was constantly brought into play, from a single central pool to various open channels, culverts and fountains, which were interrelated. The application of this water law has deeply influenced the gardens in European countries.
Alhambra Palace is a masterpiece of the Middle Ages. I've always been a little vague about this question. Do you still want to verify it with other materials?
(Western European Garden System)
In the 5th century BC, ancient Greece gradually learned the art of imitating Persian gardening, introduced and cultivated many famous Persian flowers and plants in the original fruit and vegetable garden, and finally developed into a colonnade garden surrounded by houses, with green space in the middle and regular layout. Later, Greek garden art was inherited by Rome. They developed the Greek colonnade garden into a large villa garden, which not only inherited the regular axis layout with architecture as the main body, but also appeared trimmed trees and hedges, as well as geometric flower beds and mazes formed by plastic hedges. During the Renaissance, European gardens made a new leap. In the past, the vegetable gardens and small green spaces in the castle became large-scale villa estates. Everything in the park highlights the artificial arrangement and the layout is neat, which is completely different from the natural environment outside the park, and fully demonstrates the achievements of human conquest of nature. The central axis of the building and the platform is the main body and axis of the whole park. Combined with the mountain situation, water is diverted from the mountain to the mountain to cool down. In addition, there are fountains and ponds decorated with statues, as well as waterfalls descending along the steps.
Chateau (Chateau？ De? Versailles)? As a representative.
Paris Versailles is a world-recognized masterpiece of European classical gardens? . ? The total area of the garden is 1500 hectares, which is equivalent to a quarter of the area of Paris at that time. The central axis of the garden is 3 kilometers long and intersects with the main building of the palace with a high slope of 400 meters. The first half of the central axis is a cross-shaped canal with flower beds, fountains, ponds and statues dotted on both sides. There is no fence around the park, which connects the greening in the park with the fields outside the park. A series of landscape arrangements in the park are strictly symmetrical to the central axis. The Palace of Versailles was built after Louis XIV ruled Europe 166 1 year. It lasted for a hundred years and consumed six-tenths of the national tax revenue. The magnificent Palace of Versailles embodies the supremacy of sovereignty everywhere, but it also fully shows the unique style of French gardens, simple and unrestrained.
(Oriental Garden System)
Oriental gardens, represented by China landscape gardens, are completely different from western gardens. China's landscape architecture shows natural beauty, and its layout is characterized by freedom, change and twists and turns. It requires that the scenery originates from nature and is higher than nature, so that artificial beauty and natural beauty can be integrated, "although it is artificial, it is natural", thus forming the unique style of natural landscape architecture.
Gardens in China can be divided into two systems: the large royal gardens in the north and the small private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.
Southern private gardens, represented by Suzhou gardens such as Humble Administrator's Garden; Northern Royal Garden? Represented by the Summer Palace.