(A) the selection and treatment of soil
It is necessary to choose soil with good ventilation and water permeability, strong water and fertilizer conservation ability and coordinated water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions in the soil. After years of practice, it has three advantages to use silt mixed with loess (3: 1 is better) as planting soil after transplantation. First, it has "affinity" with tree roots. When cultivating big trees, there is often an uncompactable gap between the roots and the soil. After rain washing, loess mixed with silt is easy to stick to its roots. Second, good ventilation. It can increase ground temperature and promote root germination. Third, the drainage performance is good. In the rainy season, excess water can be discharged quickly. To avoid root death caused by retting, watering in dry season can quickly absorb and spread.
In the process of excavation, a part of the original soil in the rhizosphere should be selectively reserved to facilitate the rooting of trees. At the same time, half a month before the tree transplantation, the hole soil must be disinfected and exterminated, and 50% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim powder should be mixed in the soil for disinfection, and 50% mianwei granule should be mixed for insecticide (the ratio of the above chemicals to the soil is 0. 1%).
(2) Water and fertilizer management after transplanting
1, dry season management: from June to September, most of the time the temperature is above 28℃ and the humidity is low, which is the most difficult period to manage. If improper management leads to water shortage in roots and cracking in bark, trees will die. At this time, special attention should be paid to management: first, sun protection, you can put a "several" shape in the east-west direction around the canopy and cover it with a sunshade net (see figure), which can better block the direct sunlight and prevent the leaves from being burned; Second, root irrigation, the water is in the pre-embedded plastic pipe or bamboo tube. This method can avoid pouring "half water" and can be poured thoroughly at one time, which can make the soil dry and wet at ordinary times, or can be poured into the cave outside the crown to increase the humidity of the soil around the trees; Third, erect a triangular bracket on the south side of the tree and install a sprinkler irrigation device that is 1 m higher than the tree to make it foggy as much as possible. Because the south wind blows mostly in summer and autumn, when it is installed in the south, it can often spray water on the tree crown, which keeps the leaves of the trunk moist, increases the humidity around the tree, lowers the temperature and reduces the limited water and nutrient consumption in the tree. "Drip irrigation method" can be used when there is no condition, that is, a tripod is set up beside the tree, a water storage bucket is hung on it, a hole is punched in the lower part of the bucket, a plastic pipe is stuck on the hole with silica gel, the other end is sealed after burning, the pipe is spirally wound around the trunk and branches, and holes are punched in the pipe from no direction to dripping as needed, which can also play a role in wetting the trunk and branches and reducing water and nutrient consumption.
2. Management of rainy season: In spring, there is much rain and high temperature in the south, so flood control should be given priority to at this time. Trees often die because their leaves and roots don't heal (see Figure 0). In rainy season, use submersible pump to drain the water in the hole one by one to prevent the trees from being soaked by water.
3. Cold season management: strengthen measures to prevent cold and keep warm. First, use straw rope to dry the package to keep warm, which can effectively resist low temperature and cold wind. Second, we should build a simple plastic film greenhouse to improve the temperature and humidity of trees. Third, we should choose to water or spray water on the leaves at noon when the temperature is relatively high.
4. Fertilization after transplanting: Because the trees are seriously damaged, fertilization cannot be applied in the first year, and farmyard manure or foliar fertilizer should be applied in the second year according to the growth of trees.
(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests after transplanting
When the tree saw is transplanted, there are many wounds, tender buds and leaves, and the trees are weak in resistance and vulnerable to pests and diseases. If you don't pay attention to prevention, you may die soon after insect disaster or tree infection, so you should strengthen prevention. Pesticides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and diphacinone can be mixed and sprayed. It is divided into three stages: April, July and September, and this medicine is sprayed continuously once a week in each stage, which can generally achieve the purpose of prevention and control.