1, sowing
Heap and mash the ripe fruits, remove the pulp, dry and collect the pure seedling seeds, and sow them in autumn. Soak the seeds for 5-7 days before sowing. Drill sowing is adopted, the banner is 10 cm, the depth is 1-2 cm, and the soil is covered with 6 cm after sowing. Sow 25- 30 kilograms per 667 square meters. The height of the seedlings is 3 cm, the seedlings are fixed, and the spacing between plants is 20-25 cm.
Step 2 plant
The plant spacing is 4m×5m or 3m×4m, and 500-840 plants are planted per hectare. The planting period can be from defoliation to germination. Taoyuan cannot be continuously cropped, otherwise the young trees will obviously weaken, the leaves will lose their green color, the new roots will turn brown and the branches will flow with glue.
3. Fertilizer and water management
The demand ratio of peach to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1∶0. 5∶ 1. Young trees should pay attention to controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth. After the full fruit stage, nitrogen fertilizer was added to enhance the tree vigor. Taoyuan needs regular intertillage and weeding to keep the soil loose and drain water in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.
4. Plastic surgery
Make it more natural and happy. The height of the stem is about 60 cm, leaving 3-4 main branches, and the opening angle of the main branches is 50-60. Each main branch should have 65,438+0-2 auxiliary branches, and the branchlets on the main branch and auxiliary branches should be as few as possible. Pruning should be the main method for peach trees in full fruit period, and the top branches and strong branches should be deleted to improve the light conditions between branches. Need to update weak branches in time.
Extended data
Pest control of peach tree planting;
1. Bacterial perforation of peach: it mainly harms leaves, fruits and new shoots.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Strengthen the comprehensive management of orchards: it is forbidden to establish peach orchards where the groundwater level is high or low; Apply less nitrogen fertilizer to prevent excessive growth. Reasonable pruning to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, timely and moderate pruning in summer, cutting off diseased branches and centralized incineration. Do a good job in clearing the garden in winter.
2. Chemical control: Spraying 4-5 degrees sulfur mixed solution or 1: 1: 100 times Bordeaux solution before germination, and spraying 800 times Cobo solution once after flowering.
Second, peach scab: also known as scab, it mainly harms fruits and also infringes on new shoots and leaves.
Prevention and control methods:
1, the winter scissors completely cut off the diseased tip. Clean up the orchard, reduce the source of the disease, have a reasonable planting density and a suitable tree shape, prevent crown handover, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the orchard, and reduce the humidity of the orchard.
2. Before germination, spray 80% sodium pentachlorophenol with 200 times of 3-5 baume stone sulfur mixture; Spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times every 15 days from half a month after flowering to July.
3. Peach brown rot: This disease is more common in the later stage of fruit growth. In the early stage of the disease, it appears brown and small round spots. Later, the spots expanded rapidly, revealing gray powdery pellets, which were in the form of cell piles and arranged in concentric rings. Most of the diseased fruits were completely rotten and fell to the ground.
Prevention and control methods:
1, artificial control: cut off diseased branches, remove diseased hard fruits, collect and burn them in winter. Control pests and diseases, and pay attention to reducing other fruit surface wounds.
2. Chemical control: Spraying 3-5 Baume sulfur agent +80% sodium pentachlorophenol 200 times during bud expansion, and spraying 65% zineb wettable powder 500 times from 10 to 20 days before harvest, with an interval of 10- 15 days each time.
4. Peach gummosis: it is an important disease of branches, which leads to tree weakness, yield reduction or death. There are two kinds: non-infectious and fungal infectious.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Strengthen soil improvement, apply more organic fertilizer, pay attention to orchard drainage, do a good job in pest control, prevent pests and mechanical injuries, and protect branches.
2. Treatment. Scrape off the gummed part of the tree, then apply 5 Baume lime mixture or quicklime powder, and brush 70% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazim for 20-30 times after 1-2 days.
5. Myzus persicae: Generally, it occurs for more than 20 generations a year and overwinters on peach trees with eggs, or overwinters in windbreaks or vegetable pits with cruciferous vegetables with wingless viviparous females.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Remove litter in winter, scrape off rough old bark, cut off broken branches and burn them centrally.
2. Protect the natural enemies of aphids, such as lacewings and ladybugs, and try to spray less or no broad-spectrum pesticides.
3. Chemical control: Peach buds germinate in early spring and overwintering eggs hatch in the peak period, which is the key period to control peach aphids. At this time, the harm can be basically controlled by spraying "dry branches" with pyrethroid pesticides or nitro heterocyclic pesticides-imidacloprid (3000 times) and 3% acetamiprid 2500-3000 times.
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