1. The laser collimator consists of a semiconductor laser, a power supply, a small monocular telescope, a circular diaphragm with an aperture of about 1cm, a four-quadrant photovoltaic cell, two small-range digital voltmeters with positive and negative display, a guide rail and three adjusting frames.

2. The red laser is generated by a semiconductor laser, and the laser beam emitted by the laser is expanded and collimated by an inverted telescope. The diameter of the circular hole can be controlled to obtain a circular beam with approximate axial symmetry, and the position of the center of the laser beam relative to its center is detected by a four-quadrant photoelectric cell.

3. A reference beam with a certain cross-sectional area parallel to the axis of the guide rail can be formed by using a semiconductor laser with visible red light and a monocular telescope and a circular aperture with a suitable aperture.