The shame of Jingkang, the experience of the two emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty after being captured, is really unbearable in history.
How did Jingkangbian come about?
1 1 14, A Gudas (Ming) unified the ministries of Jurchen, and then fought against Liao, making its capital Huining House (Harbin, Heilongjiang). 1 1 18, when akuta attacked the Liao country, he foresaw that the Liao country was about to perish, so he sent messengers to communicate with the Jin people and jointly attacked the Liao country. 1 122 65438+ In February, under the joint attack of Jin State and Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Tianzuo of Liao State escaped and regained Yanjing. According to the agreement, the Jin Dynasty assigned the six countries of Yanjing to the Northern Song Dynasty.
The Northern Song Dynasty believed that if Jin people joined forces to destroy Liao, they could protect themselves. In fact, he was wrong. The emperor should know the truth that his lips are dead and his teeth are cold. At that time, not only the Northern Song Dynasty made this mistake, but also the Southern Song Dynasty later made the same mistake. The Northern Song Dynasty helped Jin people destroy Liao, the Southern Song Dynasty helped Mongolia destroy gold, and it was finally burned.
In 1 123, Agu was killed and his younger brother succeeded to the throne. This man is Jin Taizong in history. He was not so polite to Akuta in the Northern Song Dynasty. 1 125 After the demise of the Liao State, Emperor Taizong of Jin pointed the finger at the Northern Song Dynasty. Jurchen warriors entered the Central Plains almost invincible, with almost no opponents. Jin Taizong died in Liao in March and went south to destroy Song in October. 1 126 65438+ October, it took the Northern Song Dynasty more than three months to reach Bianjingmen.
When he heard that Jin people had invaded Bianjing, he was so worried that he fell out of bed. In order to pass the buck, at the suggestion of Li Gang, Song Huizong passed the throne to his son Song Qinzong Zhao Huan. The Jin people besieged Bianjing, and Li Gang organized the soldiers and civilians to resist stubbornly, and the Jin people suffered heavy losses. After repelling the siege of the Jin people many times, the two emperors never wanted to fight again. Song Qinzong proposed to cede Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian, increase the annual currency and make peace with the Jin people.
In fact, the negotiation between the Jin people and the Northern Song Dynasty was a delaying tactic. After the retreat of the 8 Jin Army, Li Gang, the hawk, was framed by negotiations and was quickly driven out of the court. In fact, since General Song Zhenzong, the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, proposed it as a national policy, so that the thought of valuing literature over martial arts in the Northern Song Dynasty became more and more serious, the army was deserted, and its combat effectiveness was always weak. As early as when aku defeated Liao, the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty mistakenly thought that Jurchen would take advantage of the situation and not invade the Song Dynasty, just like the Khitans. Song Qinzong is this kind of mentality, relaxed vigilance against nuzhen. At that time, Qin Wang's soldiers also returned in the same way. Unexpectedly, the Jin people broke the covenant and laid siege to Bianjing in August 1 126. In less than three months, the outer city of Bianjing was conquered by the Jin people.
Jin people didn't keep their promises. Their aim is to destroy the Song Dynasty, not the nomadic people in the past. No matter how tough the Northern Song Dynasty is, they will be afraid. If they are weaker, they will push their luck. During the first siege of Bianjing, Jin people presented five million gold, fifty million silver, ten thousand Niu Yi, ten thousand horses and one million silks and satins. They cut down the towns of Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian, sent the prime minister and princes to Jinying as hostages, and sent eight Jin armies across the Yellow River. At that time, the imperial treasury could not afford that much money at all, but went to the city to search for the money of ordinary people, which made everyone panic. Li Gang said at that time that gold people are not as simple as gold and silver, and a Bianjing can't satisfy the ambition of gold people. Still don't listen, insist on making peace with Jin people.
When Jin people besieged Bianjing for the second time in the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Qinzong went to Jin people's camp to make peace. And let them take 6,543,800,000 gold ingots, 20,000,000 silver, 20,000,000 silk and 7,000 horses. In fact, at the time of the first peace talks, the treasury of the imperial court was still empty, and the Northern Song Dynasty imperial court could not afford that much money at all. So they were detained by the Jin people, and later they searched for the money of ordinary people in Bianjing City, but they still failed to get together. This move made the Northern Song Dynasty lose people's hearts. Song Qinzong was detained and turned into Shu Ren because he couldn't get enough money. Song Huizong went to talk to him again, and as a result, he was also detained.
A.D.11On March 7th, 27, the Jin people made Zhang Bangchang, the Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Chu Emperor, and formed an alliance with him to cede the area north of the Yellow River to Xu Jinguo. At that time, Jiuzi fled to the south and constantly organized troops to fight back against 8 Jin Army. Because the Jin people besieged Bianjing, they suffered heavy losses, which was very unfavorable for them to continue fighting. To be on the safe side, before Zhang Bangchang proclaimed himself emperor, Hongyan Zongxian, the younger brother of Hongyan Han Zong, the boss of 8 Jin Army, opened the road with books and utensils of 1050 car, and the result was unimpeded.
According to the Records of the History of Song Dynasty, on November 25th, the fourth year of Tianhui (1 126), the Jin people destroyed the Song Dynasty and captured more than 3,000 wives and children of the emperor, more than 4,000 men and women of the royal family, more than 5,000 men and women of the nobility, more than 3,000 craftsmen and more than 3,000 people of the teaching workshop, all of which are recorded. After entering the village, 2,000 people disappeared, 2,000 people were repatriated and released, and only14,000 people got up and went north. When hunting in the north, the Jin people parted ways and went north in stages. When they arrived in Yanyun, about four men and seven women survived. This is the "Jingkang Change" in history.
Two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty hunted Yanshan Mountain in the north and met stories all the way!
There is no record of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong hunting in the north in the history of Song Dynasty. Why is it not recorded in the official history? For an emperor in the Central Plains, it is so shameful to hold the enthronement ceremony in the north that historians cannot bear to record it. Although we can't know the scene of the Northern Song Dynasty emperor moving northward from the official history, witnesses and Jin people who fled north also wrote many stories. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to avoid Kang Wang's interception, the Jin people divided the captured emperors and imperial clan members into seven groups and sent them to the North.
The first batch: more than 2,200 men and 3,400 women from the imperial clan of the Northern Song Dynasty were escorted by Dutong Duoyangmu. On March 27th1127th, I started from Guoxiang Village in Qingcheng, and arrived at Lu Xian Temple where Yanshan Mansion is located on April 27th. It is said that nine times out of ten, this group of people died, 1900 women survived, and many men died. However, these people stayed in Yanjing and later merged into the north.
The second batch: Song Huizong's wife Wei (mother), Xiang Guogong, Jian 'an County King, Wang Yun, Kang Wang's wife, Zhu Fei, Fujin Diji, Yu Diji, Wang Yun, Kang Wang's daughter, ***35 people, set up wild horses by Wang, and build a big Sally and a world. 165438. In order to prevent Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, from hijacking his mother, wife and daughter, these 35 people were escorted by 5,000 golden soldiers. Among them, Xing Fei and Zhu Fei, as well as Fu Jin and Fu Gui are pregnant. Because they are not good at riding horses, they all fall off their horses and become fetuses. Can't ride, the journey is very slow. On April 1, the team met the third group, and the two teams merged in one place.
The third batch: 37 wives and concubines, including Zhao Huan, Song Qinzong, Princess Zhuzhu and Princess Jou-chia, accompanied by Baoshan Xie Wangbao and Gaitian Sai. 1127 April1day, I set out from Bianjing Fengqiu fasting palace. After crossing the Yellow River, we met the second batch, and the two teams merged. In the second escort team, Qianhu Guolu was a lecherous, who often harassed Diji and crowded with her on a horse. When the two teams met, King Geselli saw him and killed him. His body was thrown into the river. In fact, he is also very lewd in the game. He started harassing Diji, but he was stopped. He harassed Xing Fei again, forcing Xing Fei to almost commit suicide. Arrived in Yanshan on April 18 and stayed in Chengzhong Temple.
King Zhu Zhen stayed in Yanshan Mansion for 6 days, and on May 23rd, he escorted the second batch of people into Huining Mansion (now Harbin, Heilongjiang), the capital of Xu Jinguo. After Emperor Taizong Wan arrived in Beijing, he appointed prisoners. Among them, Fujin Diji, Princess Xu Shengying, Gong Yaoyang Tiaozi and Chen Wanwen were concubines given by King Zhu Zhen, while county kings Chen Taohua, Yang Chunying, Xing Fofan and Cao Dagu were concubines given by King Zhu Zhen. Soon they held a grand wedding.
XiangGuoGong and Jian 'an County King were later sent back to Yanjing to live in Chengzhong Temple. Xiang Guogong later married Princess Qidan, and the king of Jian 'an County married Chen, who is said to be the wife given by Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty. Others were sent to the laundry room. Before long, Emperor Ji was sent to the stockade of Hongyan Zongxian. Maybe he had too many wives and concubines. Later, he sent her to Wu Guocheng and married a man named Xu Huan. Alva Wang's mother, wexler, was sent to the laundry room first, and then to Wu Guocheng. After making peace with Xu Jinguo in Southern Song Dynasty, Webster was sent back to Southern Song Dynasty.
The fourth batch: Song Huizong and 1 1 feudal kings, kings of Ankang and Guangping counties, 8 princes, emperors, grandsons, wives and handmaiden, * * * 1940 people, escorted by Wan Zongjun, Zuo Qing and Ge Simei. On the evening of March 27th, I set out from Huang Zi Village in Bianjing. Depart on the 29th and arrive in Qiancheng in April 1. Heard that there is Song Jun on the north bank of the Yellow River, several people stopped. When she set out for the Yellow River on April 7th, the guard officer Ge Simei couldn't resist the temptation of many beautiful women and stole Cao Shi from the harem. Song Huizong had to ask Wang Su to warn harem women not to leave the team casually to avoid bring disgrace to oneself. At that time, Jin people were very polite and special, but other women were not so lucky. Due to the constant wind and rain in the north, many women went to the Golden Camp to take shelter from the rain and were raped as a result. Because of hunger, horses are sick, and people compete for food. It's terrible. Many people have to go to Lacrimosa. But the worst is the captured women. Jin leaders can take them away at will, listen to music, drink and eat meat, and live a fairy-like life.
The fourth and fifth groups were relatively calm and stayed for 8 days. Yan He had a good time playing ball and drinking in the town. Song Huizong also wrote a poem in this place. On April 30th, WanYanZongWang will separate the fourth batch from the fifth batch, and the fourth batch will be held in Song Huizong. /kloc-In May of 0/3, I came to Yanshan Mansion and lived in yanshou temple. Many imperial clan members will pass by here to bid farewell to Song Huizong.
The fifth batch: 103 people and 142 ladies-in-waiting, including Ji Di and Wang Hao. March 27th1127th set out from Bianjing Shousheng Hospital together with the fourth batch. On April 1 day, I arrived in Qiancheng for a short stay. On April 16, I arrived peacefully with the fourth batch. Eight days later, the fourth batch left first. /kloc-I came to Yanjing in May of 0/9 and lived in a house in Taizi Village. This group of people and the fourth group stayed in Yanjing.
The sixth batch: 3 180 tribute women and 34 12 craftsmen, escorted by the right army and Chang. 1127 April1,starting from Guoxiang Village in Qingcheng and arriving at Yanshan Mansion on May 27th. In this batch, there were 2,900 tribute women and 0/800 craftsmen, and half of them went to Beijing. Half of them were given by the Jin people, and the household servants and household servants were given to the leader. Men earn their own living, while women are often sold as prostitutes. The transported goods are stored in three warehouses, and the vehicles are left in yanshou temple.
According to records, during the Tian period of the Jin Dynasty (1123-1135), there were no fewer than 200,000 men and women who were taken captive to the north by the Jin people from the Northern Song Dynasty. Those who can support themselves and rich children, be slaves or drive horses. Many people were whipped day and night. Ten people died nine times in less than five years. In order to survive, most women become prostitutes and most commit suicide. And local craftsmen. It is said that eighty taels of gold can buy prostitutes. After investigation, they know that these women are the daughters or granddaughters of the Prince, the wives of Guo Xiang and Jinshi. In a word, the women caught in the north are miserable and humble.
The seventh batch: Prince, Emperor Yingluo, 65,438+02 officials and 65,438+044 ladies-in-waiting, escorted by Marshal, You Gaoqing and Tong. 11April 271day set out from guoxiang village in Qingcheng, arrived in the cloud on June 2, and went to Yanshan mansion to meet Song Huizong on July 10, and stayed at chengzhong temple. Except Song Qinzong, most of these people stayed in Yanshan Mansion and eventually merged into the north. Women are either prostitutes or sold as wives. Men are slaves or make a living by themselves, and a few people flee to the south.
After the two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty left Yanjing, they heard it and recorded it!
Among the seven groups of prisoners in Beishou, except for the second group of 35 people who were taken to Beijing, all the other groups gathered in Yanshan area (Beijing). Everyone could have stayed in Yanjing, but the situation has changed. After Zhao Gou, King Kang, proclaimed himself emperor in Tianfu, the Jin people felt that Yanjing was unsafe. On September 6th, 2003, 1000 more than Song Huizong's family members and 100 more than Song Qinzong's family members left Yanjing. 101October 18 arrived in Zhongjing (Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia) and lived in Xiang Orchard. However, more than 65,438+0,800 people, including wang pu, live in Yanjing Lu Xian Temple, many of whom are naked. When he left, Song Huizong gave them more than 10,000 silks presented by Jin people. These people didn't leave Yanshan Mansion, but later integrated into local life.
In fact, Zhongjing is not the terminal of Song Huizong and others. When I was in Zhongjing, I was disturbed by a man named Ma Kuo. In A.D. 1 127, when Jin Jun attacked Pingding House, Guo was captured alive. Wan Yanzong thought he was a warrior, so he let him go. Later, Ma Kuo revolted in Wumashan and joined forces with surrounding counties to attack Pingjing, Yanshan, Yizhou and Zhongshan. The Jin people thought that the Ma Uprising was related to the two emperors, so they moved to Tongsai County, which is about 0/500 miles away from Yanjing, and gave them 1500 hectares of land for self-sufficiency. In Tongsai Prefecture, the Jin people changed their original plans and moved the two emperors to Huining Palace in Xu Jinguo.
What is the purpose of moving to Beijing? In fact, it is to humiliate the Song Emperor and let them attend the ceremony of offering prisoners. The most humiliating moment in The Shame of Jingkang should be the ceremony of offering prisoners to the Jin people. When the two emperors were in Yanjing, they encouraged Jin Taizong to hold a ceremony to sacrifice prisoners and share rewards. At that time, the Privy Council Ministers Liu Yanzong and Yan were very opposed and did not do so. But after their death, the agenda of the ceremony was put forward again, so they moved from Tongsai to Beijing.
According to the History of Emperor Jingkang, on August 24th, A.D.128, Emperor Taizong of Jin sent two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty to inspect the ancestral temple, and rushed 30 people, including the prince, concubines and princesses 1300 people to their residence. At dawn, thousands of people angrily forced them into the ancestral temple and left them naked outside. The two emperors and queens took off their robes, while the king, Xu, concubines, princesses, emperors, imperial women and voters were all dressed in sheepskin and held sheepskin ropes in their hands. The two emperors first introduced the shogunate and conducted the ceremony of "guiding sheep". There is music in the hall. Jin Taizong, his wife and servant knelt down for Hu. After the emperor, everyone knelt down.
Jin Taizong personally sacrificed two sheep in the temple. When the emperor marched in person, the nomads from the Golden Army drove them to the Imperial Village. Emperor Taizong of Jin ascended to the Yuan Temple, with his wives and concubines standing beside him. Both emperors knelt under him. Emperor Taizong of Jin declared forgiveness, and later conferred the titles of two emperors, and sat with the kings in a small tent outside the temple. Empress, etc. Entering the palace to bathe and change clothes, Empress Zheng and Empress Zhu returned to the palace. Thousands of women were given the Guards by Emperor Taizong of Jin. They are all naked. 300 people, including Wei Fei and Xing Fei, live in the laundry room. Zhu was humiliated. She hanged herself at night and was rescued and drowned.
On August 25, in order to humiliate the two emperors, people called them "faint kings" and "faint Hou", and the queen was reduced to his wife and maid-in-waiting. The next day, the Marshal's Office ordered 20 medical officers to forcibly send 94 queens to the palace. They get pregnant, miscarry, receive treatment and prepare for the candidates to enter the palace. It's really miserable for these people to be handmaiden or play for gold people.
Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were admitted to Marshal's Mansion after attending the ceremony of offering prisoners in Beijing. In fact, when the two emperors went to Beijing, Xu Jinguo wanted to humiliate them. He moved to Hanzhong (now Changtu County, Liaoning Province) in June+February, 5438. At the same time, more than 900 people, including Zhao Xiaogan of Kang County, were also transferred to Hangzhou. They only have 45 hectares of land left to cultivate their own lives. Jurchen lived in the early Han Dynasty, but all of them were moved out by Jin people and were dedicated to the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty and his entourage. About 2,200 people have lived in Song Huizong for 1 year and 7 months. At that time, Yue Fei recovered in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the status of Song Huizong and others continued to improve, so he moved to Wu Guocheng (yilan county, Heilongjiang) with better conditions.
How did Song Huizong spend the rest of his life in Wu Guocheng?
1 130 In July, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong moved from the waterway to the five countries city. It is said that there are more than 40 people/kloc-0, besides the queen's concubines and children, there are also ministers 13, chefs 2 and other service personnel 14. From the team's point of view, Song Huizong's life in Wu Guocheng is not bad, but certainly not as good as that in the Forbidden City. Wu Guocheng is the last stop in Song Huizong. At first, Song Huizong and the imperial clan went to Wu Guocheng by boat. On the boat, he was deeply moved and wrote many poems.
In fact, Song Huizong has always been obsessed with his throne. Although he knew he could not go back, he didn't give up the idea. Therefore, he pinned his hopes on poetry to express his nostalgia for his motherland. According to Yu Ji's "Chicken Ribs", when Song Huizong was captured to Yanshan Mansion, he wrote a sad poem on the wall of a temple: "Once Kuya Hongji rested and didn't listen to Chen Zhi's plan. I am willing to make a thousand miles for autumn, so the country is sad and the jade palace is autumn. " This quatrain shows that Song Huizong is full of remorse in the face of his own experience. I mean, the inheritance of the Northern Song Dynasty spread to the Nine Dynasties, and suddenly it was destroyed. These responsibilities are caused by my reckless behavior and not listening to advice. Who wants to surrender all the way to be a prisoner? Where were the palaces of the former countries? This is a desolate scene, and my heart really doesn't taste!
When I was in Hangzhou, Song Huizong also wrote a poem "The North Wall", which was handed down: "The west wind shook the door all night, and Yi Deng was lonely. Jiashan looks back three thousand miles, and there are no geese flying in the south of the mountain. " This means that when Song Huizong was in Hangzhou, he lived in a shabby house. In winter, the northwest wind blew, blowing the windows of the house, which almost kept him awake all night. In this humble house, he was alone, facing the faint light, filled with emotion.
When Song Huizong arrived in Wu Guocheng, he wrote many poems, among which "Two Poems of Zhangzhou" was written in Wu Guocheng: "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, but the imperial court is a thorn spring. Now that all my clothes are left, I endure being a courtier of the Northern Dynasty. " It means that the Great Song Dynasty was still broken, and now the court in Bianjing is full of thorns. Today's clothes are all Hu people's clothes, so I want to be a courtier, which is very sad. Song Huizong likes to write poems to kill time in these five cities. When the king greeted them, he also wrote a poem against the prince. It may be that Song Huizong and the princes' correct poems were spread by people around him and finally reported, which almost killed him.
On June 24th, A.D. 1 133, Zhao suddenly sued others for rebellion. Jin people sent messengers to mourn, make peace and threaten. Knowing that the situation was serious, he sent someone to help Guangdu to 8 Jin Army Camp. Team leader Kim was anxious to defend himself like a cat on hot bricks. Later, when Song Huizong convener discussed what to do, Cai Jing's son Theo stood up and did a good deed for Song Huizong. He stood up and was willing to go to the camp of Jin people to explain the problem.
Cai Yue has the answer. When he arrived at Violet Camp, his words were fierce. He confronted Zhao Geng and Liu Wenyan and asked them to produce evidence. A few days later, Zhao Geng and Liu Wenyan could not produce any evidence, so they had to admit the false accusation. Send someone to tell Song Huizong what to do with Zhao Geng and Liu Wenyan. Song Huizong couldn't bear to kill them, so Cai Yue got rid of these two keys instead of Song Huizong.
Since founding ceremony in North China, Song Huizong was deeply moved when he was injured and wrote more than 1000 poems. After being accused of rebellion by Zhao Shi and Liu Wenyan, Song Huizong set fire to all his poems out of fear, leaving only a dozen. In this way, Song Huizong also fell ill and lived in fear for two years. 1 135 died in five countries on June 4th. Song Qinzong lived in the north for 2 1 year, almost buried in the dust of history!
The Jingkang Rebellion ended the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. Many people think that the emperor was brutally abused in all aspects after being captured by the Jin people and "hunting in the North". In addition to watching the world of ice and snow, their days in the northeast are also miserable. Never lack clothes and food, and there was no such decent treatment in the past. Not even a decent life. But is this statement true?
Was Qin Huidi abused in Xu Jinguo?
First of all, we should divide abuse into two kinds, one is mental abuse and the other is material abuse. In some cases, the former may only be caused by external changes that are unacceptable to individuals. This is the case with two captured emperors. The country fell apart and fell from the peak of power, and his wife and daughter worked in the Huan Yi Bureau. No one who has been an emperor can withstand such drastic changes.
In the past, respect for the Ninth Five-Year Plan was not appreciated by so many people. People naturally feel wronged. It's mental abuse that even the lowest-ranking officials dare to deduct his meal money publicly.
The captured Emperor of the Song Dynasty still had material security.
However, apart from these inevitable parts, it is obviously not as bad as some people think. Jin people also know that abusing these two disabled people has no practical benefit except meeting some abnormal needs. With the establishment of the new southern regime in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Hui and Qin emperors became important chips instead. How can they be easily abused? So not only will they provide delicious food for the two emperors, but the Jin people will also meet their needs in other ways.
Take Song Huizong after a stroke as an example. He is a very lecherous person, not only has many concubines, but also has an affair with Li Shishi, a prostitute. When you are under house arrest, you still have to give up your private life. So Jin returned some of his concubines and let these female prisoners continue to have children for them.
According to Song people's Hunting in the North and Xu Jinguo's Captives in the Song Dynasty, Song Huizong lived well in the North. Song Huizong, who was imprisoned, had the power of a Lord. Like Napoleon, who was later exiled to the island of Elba, he still enjoyed the power of emperor. He not only enjoys the local output, but also his subordinates who obey his orders. Basically, he is the same as a feudal Lord who has no ability to export force.
As for his concubine, the old emperor still has absolute control. Therefore, he also gave birth to six sons and eight daughters during his imprisonment.
As for Song Qinzong, who was also captured, he also lived with his father in a small place in the north. Since dad is the master, he doesn't even have anything to manage. So he read and wrote poems every day and lived the life of a landlord. Dad gave a banquet in China and his son wrote poems on the spot. So far, more than a dozen of his poems at this stage have been preserved.
The person who can't tolerate the abolition of the two emperors is actually Zhao Gou, who comes from the same royal family.
As for their relatives, Zhao Gou, who stayed in the south, was very afraid that the two abolished emperors would return to the south after becoming Song Gaozong. Therefore, during the period of easing the relationship between Song and Jin, Huizong and Qinzong could not return to China.